OBJECTIVE: To establish a quantitative preliminary evaluation of introduced drugs. METHODS: A quantitative form was designed for new drugs’ preliminary evaluation, which included many factors, such as qualification of pharmaceutical factory or company, category of drugs in medical insurance, the result of the biding drugs, comparison with other drugs of the same category, PK and PD data,special use and clinical demand. Each factor was given a definite score .If the total scores of a given drug amounted to the expected figure, this drug could pass the preliminary evaluation and enter the next step, and if not, the drug may be eliminated. RESULTS&CONCLUSION: The purpose of evaluating the new drugs scientifically and objectively can be basically achieved through quantitative method, which can lessen the blindness in introduction of new drugs.

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of Yiqi Wenyang Huoxue Lishui principle (YWHL, a therapeutic principle with Chinese medicine for reinforcing Qi warming Yang, activating blood circulation and promoting urination) on some neuroendocrine factors in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF).

METHODSForty-nine patients of CHF with heart function of grade III-IV were randomly divided into 2 groups. The 29 cases in the treated group were treated with YWHL and the 20 cases in the control group treated with captopril. Changes of angiotensin II (AT II), atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), endothelin (ET), nitric oxide (NO) and alpha-granule membrance protein -140 (GMP-140) were observed.

RESULTSAfter treatment, plasma level of AT II, ANP, ET, and NO lowered in both groups with insignificant difference, but the GMP-140 reduced more significantly in the treated group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONYWHL showed a regulatory effect of neuroendicrine system partially similar to that of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, it possibly can improve the ventricular remodeling and would be beneficial to prevent the thrombus formation and improve heart failure by means of inhibiting platelet activity.

Adult ; Aged ; Angiotensin II ; blood ; Atrial Natriuretic Factor ; blood ; Coronary Disease ; complications ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Heart Failure ; drug therapy ; etiology ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neurosecretory Systems ; drug effects ; P-Selectin ; blood ; Phytotherapy

As the main part of the teaching activities,students play an important role in the teaching reform.The students were trained through 3 pathways,“Extending teaching activities from the classroom to the outside”,“Development from basic to clinical knoledge” and “Culturing students' innovative consciousness”,so as to allow them to give full play in teaching reform,to enhance their ability of practice and learning by themselves,to culture their innovative consciousness and to develop students' leading functions in the anatomy teaching reform.

OBJECTIVETo examine the protective effect of Ginkgo biloba leaf extract (GbE) on learning and memory deficit induced by aluminum chloride (AlCl(3)), and explore its mechanisms.

METHODSThe rat models with learning and memory deficit were induced by administering via gastrogavage and drinking of AlCl(3) solution. And the model rats were treated with GbE at the dose of 50, 100, 200 mg/kg every day for 2 months accompanied with drinking of AlCl(3) solution, respectively. Their abilities of spatial learning and memory were tested by Morris water maze, and the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in serum was assayed with chemical method, the AChE expression in hippocampus was observed by immunohistochemistry assay, and then quantitative analysis was done by BI 2000 image analysis system.

RESULTSLearning and memory deficit of rats could be induced by AlCl(3) solution (P < 0.01), and AChE expressions in rats hippocampus were increased (P < 0.01); GbE ameliorated learning and memory deficit and reduced AChE expression in rats hippocampus in a dose-dependent manner, while GbE significantly increased serum AChE activity at the dose of 200 mg/kg each day (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONGbE can ameliorate learning and memory deficit induced by AlCl(3), which may be due to its inhibition of the AChE expression in hippocampus.

Acetylcholinesterase ; metabolism ; Aluminum Compounds ; toxicity ; Animals ; Chlorides ; toxicity ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Ginkgo biloba ; Hippocampus ; enzymology ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Maze Learning ; drug effects ; Memory Disorders ; chemically induced ; prevention & control ; Neuroprotective Agents ; therapeutic use ; Phytotherapy ; Plant Extracts ; therapeutic use ; Plant Leaves ; Plant Structures ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Reaction Time

Objective To analyze the drug resistance profile and risk factors for extensively drug resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) patients. Methods XDR-TB cases were identified by sixteen anti-TB drug susceptibility kits among inpatients with a diagnosis of laboratory-confirmed mycobacterium tuberculosis. Single-factor and Logistic analysis were used to analyze the risk factors for drug resistant of the first and second-line anti-TB drugs in XDR-TB patients. Results Resistant rate of rifampin, isoniazid and rifampicin were 100%, Resistant rate of streptomycin, rifampicin and dean, b sulfur isoniazid, levofloxacin and capreomycin were from 90% to 100%, resistant rate of kanamycin and amino salicylic acid were from 70% to 80%, resistant rate of amikacin from 60% to 70%, resistant rate of sulfur isoniazid was from 50% to 60%, resistant rate of ethambutol and moxifloxacin were from 40% to 50%, resistant rate of clarithromycin was from 10% to 20%, resistant rate of clofazimine 5.2%. 92.1% of XDR-TB patients were resistant to more than 10 anti-TB drugs, and the least of the patients were resistant to 6 anti-TB drugs.Logistic regression analysis showed the risk factors for XDR-TB first-and second-line anti-tb drugs included age ［20-40 year (OR=6.318, 95% CI:1.204-33.15, P=0.029;40-60 year (OR=4.772, 95% CI:0.973-23.392, P=0.054); 60 year (OR=41.366, 95% CI:2.909-588.265, P=0.006)］and anti-TB treatment history was retreatment(OR=28.013, 95% CI:3.357-233.766, P=0.002). Conclusions XDR-TB patients have serious drug resistance, but there were some drug treatable drug resistance types, and the risk factors mainly come from age and anti-TB treatment history.

1,3-propanediol (1,3-PD) is an important material for chemical industry, therefore, there is much interest in the production of 1,3-PD. The gene dhaT encoding 1, 3-propanediol dehydrogenase ( PDOR) of Citrobacter freundii was amplified by PCR. Sequence analysis of the similarity at the nucleotide and amino acid level between the gene encoding C. freundii PDOR and that of C. freundii ( U09771 ) were 78% and 90% , respectively. The recombinant plasmid pSE-dhaT was constructed by inserting dhaT gene into expression vector pSE380 and then transformed E. coli JM109. The recombinant strain was induced by IPTG to express dhaT. Further more the recombinant enzyme was purifed from recombinant E. coli by Ni-nitrilotriacetate affinity chromatography followed by Sephacral S-300 gel filtration. A single obvious protein about 42kDa could be obtained by the sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of recombinant enzyme. The purified enzyme was used to determined enzyme property on the substrate of propionaldehyde and 1, 3-PD. The optimal temperature and optimal pH of the purified enzyme were 37℃, 8.0 for reduction and 25℃, 10. 5 for oxidation, respectively; and the kinetic property of PDOR about Km and V max were 10. 05mmol/L, 37. 27?mol/min/mg for propionaldehyde and 1. 28mmol/L, 25. 55?mol/min/mg for 1,3-PD, respectively; The deduced dhaT gene product (388 amino acids) showed a specific reduction activity of 49. 50U/mg and oxidation activity of 79. 92U/ mg. There also have a putative iron-binding motif ( G-XX-H-X-X-A-H-X-X-G-X-X-X-X-X-P-H-G) as a fingerprint pattern in the recombinant enzyme, the motif is fully conserved among these 1, 3-propanediol dehydrogenase. It is beneficial to the researches of high producing 1, 3-propanediol by gene engineering strain.

Cervical Vertebrae ; surgery ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Humans ; Internal Fixators ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Failure ; Tuberculosis, Spinal ; complications ; surgery ; Uremia ; complications ; surgery

Objective To investigate the 16S rRNA methylase genes and Aminoglycoside modifying enzymes(AMEs)genes in Enterobacter cloacae isolated from the People's Liberation Army 98th Hospital,Huzhou district,Zhejiang province,China.Methods 40 strains of Enterobacter cloacae were isolated from the inpatients between September,2003 and November,2004.5 kinds of 16S rRNA methylase gene (including armA,rmtA,rmtB,rmtC and rmtD)and 9 kinds of AMEs gene[including aac(3)-Ⅰ,aac(3)-Ⅱ,aac(3)-Ⅲ,aac(3)-Ⅳ,aac(6')-Ⅰ b,aac(6')-Ⅱ,ant(3'')-Ⅰ,ant(2'')-Ⅰ and aph(3')-Ⅵ]were analyzed by PCR and verificated by DNA sequencing.Results In 40 strains of Enterobacter cloacae,the positive rates of genes of rmtB,aac(3)-Ⅱ,aac(6')-Ⅰ b,ant(3'')-Ⅰ,ant(2'')-Ⅰ and aph(3')-Ⅵ were 12.5%(5/40),27.5%(11/40),72.5%(29/40),32.5%(13/40),5.0%(2/40)and 5.0%(2/40),respectively.8 kinds of the rest of genes were all tested negative.The total positive rate of AMEs gene was 85.0%(34/40).Among 29 strains of Enterobacter cloacae that the aac(6')-Ⅰ b gene was positive,through PCR and verification by DNA sequencing,7 strains(24.1%)were confirmed to take the aac(6')-Ⅰ b-cr(the GenBank register number:EF375620,EU159121)alone,18 strains(62.1%)were confirmed to take the aac(6')-Ⅰ b-Suzhou(EU085533)alone,3 strains(10.3%)were confirmed to take both aac (6')-Ⅰ b-Suzhou and aac(6')-Ⅰ b-cr while only 1(3.4%)was aac(6')-Ⅰ b(the classical type).Conclusion There was lower positive rate of 16S rRNA methylase gene but very high AMEs genotypes in Enterobacter cloacae isolated from inpatients and the finding of rmtB gene was reported for the first time in the world.At least 5 kinds of AMEs gene existed in Enterobacter cloacae were isolated and they were the new host of both gene of aac(6')-Ⅰ b-cr and aac(6')-Ⅰ b-Suzhou,with aac(6')-Ⅰ b-Suzhou gene was the predominance subtype in aac(6')-Ⅰ b.

Objective To explore the clinical value of double-balloon enterocopy (DBE) in diagnosis of small intestinal diseases. Methods The clinical and endoscope image data of 231 patients with suspected small bowel disease who underwent DBE from January 2008 to May 2016 were analyzed. Result 231 patients received 257 times of DBE examination, 112 of them were performed by oral and 93 by anal route, 26 patients were underwent by both approaches. The detection rate of intestine diseases was 64.9% (150/231), include 33 cases (14.3%) of nonspecific enteritis, 27 cases (11.7%) of crohn's disease, 19 cases (8.2%) of ulcer, 13 cases (5.6%) of intestinal vascular malformation, 12 cases (5.2%) of small intestinal stromal tumor. The lesion detection rate in obscure abdominal pain and obscure gastrointestinal bleeding were 59.6% (62/104) and 67.0% (63/94). In all patients, there were 1 case of small bowel perforation, the remaining patients had no serious complications such as bleeding and perforation. Conclusion The positive detection rate of double-balloon enteroscopy examination is high, and the double-balloon enteroscopy examination is relatively safe. So, double-balloon enterscopy examination has high diagnostic value for detecting small intestine diseases.

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of methylprednisolone (MP) on reperfusion injury in severe uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock and explore the possible mechanism involved.

METHODSTwelve dogs were randomly divided into two groups, control group (Group I, n=6) and MP group (Group II, n=6). The animals were bled continuously from a femoral artery catheter to produce uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock models. Resuscitation with lactated Ringer's (LR) solution was initiated when mean arterial pressure (MAP) decreased to 20 mm Hg, and MAP was maintained at 30-40 mm Hg. MP (4 mg/kg) was injected intravenously in Group II when resuscitation began. While in Group I, normal saline (NS) was injected instead. The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured before exsanguination (T(1)), when MAP decreased to 20 mm Hg (T(2)), 60 min (T(3)) and 120 min (T(4)) after resuscitation. Heart rate, MAP and cardiac output (CO) levels were recorded concomitantly.

RESULTSInfusion volume and hemorrhage volume shed from the superior mesenteric artery in Group I were higher than those in Group II (P<0.01 and P<0.05). After reperfusion, blood SOD levels decreased progressively and MDA levels increased rapidly in Group I. In Group II, blood SOD levels at T(3) and T(4) decreased as compared with that at T(1) but a stepwise increase was present. At T(4), blood SOD level was significantly higher in Group II than in Group I (Plt;0.01). At T(3) and T(4), MDA levels were markedly lower in Group II than in Group I. During reperfusion, MAP was more steady in Group II than in Group I and survival rate after 120 min (at T(4)) was higher in Group II than in Group I (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSMP has a protective effect on severe uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock and subsequent reperfusion injury. The mechanism mainly involves the anti-lipid peroxidation activity of MP.

Analysis of Variance ; Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Administration Schedule ; Female ; Lipid Peroxidation ; Male ; Methylprednisolone ; pharmacology ; Probability ; Random Allocation ; Reference Values ; Reperfusion Injury ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Shock, Hemorrhagic ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Survival Rate