Objective To provide herbalist basis for development of resource-related varieties through the study of herbal textual research of Aconitum sinomontanum Nakai, alias and source of production. Methods Description of Aconitum sinomontanum Nakai and its alias from the ancient herbal books was analyzed. Literature was searched to clarify modern research and conduct analysis. Results Ancient herbal textual records of Aconitum sinomontanum Nakai was not clear enough. The first records about Aconitum sinomontanum Nakai started from late Qing Dynasty, from which the source of production, medicinal parts, alias, harvest processing, efficacy and application of Aconitum sinomontanum Nakai were summed up. Conclusion Aconitum sinomontanum Nakai is the dry roots of Aconitum from Ranunculaceae, which has good medicinal prospects and development value, and can provide basis and guidance for the late clinical application and research.

Objective To separate and amplify Hantaan virus(HV)in serum of hemorrhagic fever patients with renal syndrome(HFRS)in Heilongjiang,and look for its difference from intemational standard type strain(76-118strains).Methods HVs of different phase in the 8erum of 50 HFRS patients were separated and amplified by RTnested-PCR,its products were analyzed the amplified by sequencing.Results Detectable rate of HV in the patients serum was 36.36%(8/22)in 7 days after onset,it Was 13.04%(3/23)in patients having an onset 8 days to 14 days earlier,5 cases were not detectable 15 days after onset.Comparing the sequence of HV S gene fragment,sample 1,9,18,31,37,38,44 strain had a homology of 90.24%,86.72%,89.97%,89.16%,86.45%,87.26%and 89.43%to 76-118 strains,respectively.Conclusions The positive rate is the highset in 7 days after onset.Nucleotide sequence difference exists between pathogenic strain of Heilongjiang's HV and international standard strain,indicating that not only hosts but also locations can affect HV.

BACKGROUNDWith advance of age, alterations in bone quality, quantity and microarchitecture render osteoporotic trabecular bone become more sensitive to local failure. The aims of the present study were to clarify the extent to which the distribution of tissue-level stresses and strains was affected by structural changes and the extent to which osteoporotic acetabular trabecular bone was damaged at small strains.

METHODSUsing a DAWING 4000A supercomputer, nonlinear micro-finite element (microFE) analyses were performed to calculate the tissue-level strains and stresses for each element in the trabecular bone of one osteoporotic acetabulum at small strains to quantify the tissue-level damage accumulation and mechanical properties.

RESULTSIn contour plots of the tissue, maximum principal logarithmic strains, high tissue-level strains, both compressive and tensile, were observed in the osteoporotic trabecular bone at small apparent strains from 0.2% to 0.5% strain. The compressive apparent stress-strain curve showed typical nonlinear behavior and tangent modulus reduction with increasing strains. The microdamage curve suggested that microdamage began at 0.2% apparent strain in the osteoporotic trabecular bone and increased sharply, although very few microfractures occurred. The quartiles of the maximum principal logarithmic strains, minimum principal logarithmic strains and Von Mises stresses increased nonlinearly. For the inter-quartile range of the Von Mises stresses, a leap occurred at small strains ranging from 0.2% to 0.3% while microdamage commenced.

CONCLUSIONSExtensive microdamage was primarily responsible for the large loss in apparent mechanical properties that occurred in the trabecular bone of the osteoporotic acetabulum at small strains. With increasing apparent strains, continuous nonlinear increments of tissue-level strains and stresses resulted in microdamage that propagated throughout the specimen with very few microfractures.

Acetabulum ; injuries ; Algorithms ; Compressive Strength ; Computer Simulation ; Finite Element Analysis ; Humans ; Stress, Mechanical ; Tensile Strength

OBJECTIVETo observe whether adenosine Al receptor (Al R) mediated neuroprotection of Shenmai Injection (SI) on rat cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury.

METHODSThe focal cerebral I/R model was established by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Totally 60 successfully modeled rats was divided into 5 groups according to randomized block principle, i.e., the model group, the SI group, the SI + AlR antagonist (1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine, DPCPX) group, the AlR antagonist control group, and the dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) control group, 12 in each group. Besides, a sham-operation group was set up (n =12). SI at 15 mL/kg was peritoneally injected to mice in the SI group immediately after cerebral I/R. Equal volume of normal saline was injected to mice in the model group and the sham-operation group. DPCPX at 1 mg/mL was peritoneally injected to mice in the Al R antagonist control group 30 min before peritoneal injecting SI. DPCPX at 1 mg/kg and DMSO at 1 mL/kg were peritoneally injected to mice in the AlR antagonist control group and the DMSO control group 30 min immediately before cerebral I/R. Rats' neurobehavioral scores were assessed after 24 h reperfusion. The volume of cerebral infarction and Bcl-2 protein expression of cerebral infarction penumbra were also detected. Results Compared with the sham-operation group, neurobehavioral scores, the volume of cerebral infarction, and Bcl-2 protein expression increased (all P <0. 05). Compared with the model group, neurobehavioral scores and the volume of cerebral infarction obviously decreased, but Bcl-2 protein expression increased in the SI group (all P <0. 05). Compared with the SI group, neurobehavioral scores increased, the volume of cerebral infarction was obviously enlarged, and Bcl-2 protein expression was obviously reduced in the A1R antagonist control group (all P <0. 05).

CONCLUSIONSSI's neurobehavioral scores could be partially reversed in the Al R antagonist control group, the volume of cerebral infarction and Bcl-2 protein expression improved. AlR might possibly meditate neuroprotection of SI on MACO mire

Adenosine ; Animals ; Brain Ischemia ; drug therapy ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery ; Mice ; Neuroprotection ; physiology ; Neuroprotective Agents ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptor, Adenosine A1 ; metabolism ; Reperfusion Injury ; drug therapy ; Xanthines

Objective To study the routine examination of Aconitum sinomontanum Nakai and determine the contents of lappacontine and ranaconitine; To provide basis for establishing the quality standard of Aconitum sinomontanum Nakai.Methods Aconitum sinomontanum Nakai were collected from different areas.A method of TLC was used for qualitative discrimination. The methods in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia were adopted for the determination of moisture content, ash content and extractives. Determination of lappacontine and ranaconitine were performed by HPLC. Results The TLC showed that the spots were clear and the separation was good. Individual provisional standards:the moisture,total ash and acid-insoluble ash content of Aconitum sinomontanum Nakai were not more than 11.0%, 12.0%, and 7.0%, respectively; water soluble and alcohol soluble extractives were not less than 18.2% and 10.6%,respectively.The content of ranaconitine and lappacontine in Aconitum sinomontanum Nakai were not less than 0.125% and 0.815%, respectively. Conclusion The method established by the study is accurate and reliable,and can be used for quality evaluation of Aconitum sinomontanum Nakai.

Objective To explore the plague epidemical trend of nearly a 10 years data in Qinghai province to provide basis for making the prevention and control measures. Method The regional distribution and time distribution of animal and human plague, monitoring and plague foci of survey data in Qinghai from 2001 to 2010 were analyzed with Excel software 2003. Results In Qinghai province, a total of 167 strains of Yersinia pestis were isolated from infected animals and insects in 10 years. Yersinia pestis was mainly distributed in Wulan,Delinha, Geermu, and Tianjun, along the Qinghai-Xizang railway. Human plague was occurred every year from 2001 to 2010 except 2002, 2007, 2008, and 2010. In the 10 years, there were 37 plague cases and 16 of these cases died, the mortality was 43.24％. The plague cases were mainly distributed in Nangqian, Qumalai, Chenduo,Zhiduo, Xinghai, Tongde, Tianjun, Wulan and Qilian. And these cases were found mostly in the period from May to October, especially in the period from August to October. Major clinical type of the plague cases was lung-type (62.16％,23/37). Conclusions The plague epidemic situation in Qinghai province is still severe, animal plague occurred year after year, and human plague outbreaks occasionally. Monitoring and early warning in the key areas should be strengthened, and the comprehensive measures of plague prevention and control should be carried out to reduce the incidence and prevalence of plague.

Objective To evaluate the protective effect of Yersinia pestis capsular antigen F1 and recombinant rV270 on mice after immunization with them.Methods According to body weight,40 female Balb/c mice aged 6 to 8 weeks were randomly divided into four experimental groups(Fl-10 μg + aluminum adjuvant,F1-20 μg + aluminum adjuvant,rV-10 μg + aluminum adjuvant,and rV-20 μg + aluminum adjuvant) and a control group,8 in each group.Mice in experimental groups were immunized with the natural antigen F1 and recombinant antigen rV270 adsorbed to 25％ aluminum adjuvant and the control group was immunized with the same amount of aluminum adjuvant.Each mouse was immunized at the hind leg muscle with 100 ml immunizing agent,then a booster immunization was done once on the 21st day after the first immunization.The blood of all mice was collected on the 8th week after the first immunization,serum antibody titers were detected by ELISA and the data of antibody titers were analyzed by t test for comparison between groups.At the same time the mice were injected subcutaneously with 2000-fold LD50 of Yersinia pestis virulent strain 141,after 14 days,the protective effect of immunization was analyzed.Results The control group did not produce antibody.Antibody geometric mean titers (GMT) of the F1-10 mg + aluminum adjuvant and F1-20 mg + aluminum adjuvant groups were 1 ∶ 30443.9,and 1 ∶21527.8,respectively,and compared between the two groups,the difference was not statistically significant (t =1.1282,P ＞ 0.05).The GMTs of the rV-10 μg + aluminum adjuvant and rV-20 μg + aluminum adjuvant groups were 1 ∶ 13957.3 and 1 ∶18100.9,respectively,and compared between the two groups,the difference was not statistically significant(t =0.9408,P ＞ 0.05 ).After subcutaneous injection with Yersinia pestis virulent strain 141,all mice died in the control group but all survived in the experimental group.Conclusion The immune activity of natural antigen F1 and recombinant rV270 is high,which can be used as the main component of subunit vaccine in the plague subunit vaccine study.

To observe in vitro the effect of rat drug serum on the proliferation of HSC-T6 hepatic stellate cells in the pharmacokinetic model for determining peoniflorin in Fufang Biejia Ruangan tablet, in order to discover the rational daily administration frequency of Fufang Biejia Ruangan tablet. Fufang Biejia Ruangan tablet was orally administered to rats with different daily administration frequency. Their blood was collected from veins behind eye sockets at different time points before the administration and after the first administration, in order to determine the concentration of peoniflorin in blood plasma and the effect of rat drug serums on the proliferation of HSC-T6. A comprehensive analysis was made on the relationship between pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics to determine the rational daily administration frequency of Fufang Biejia Ruangan tablet. The results showed a good correlation between the inhibitory effect of Fufang Biejia Ruangan tablet-contained serum on HSC-T6 and the concentration of peoniflorin in blood. The two-time administration group showed higher pharmacologic and pharmacokinetic AUCs than one-time administration and three-time administration groups. In conclusion, Fufang Biejia Ruangan table is recommended to be taken twice a day for treating liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis.
Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Area Under Curve ; Benzoates ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Bridged-Ring Compounds ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Glucosides ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Hepatic Stellate Cells ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Liver Cirrhosis ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Male ; Monoterpenes ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tablets ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics

To study the effects of Qingdai compound on proliferation and apoptosis of K562 cells, as well as the expression of bcr/abl and JWA mRNA, K562 cells were treated in culture with different concentrations of Qingdai compound (2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 and 20 mg/ml) and harvested at 24 hours. Then morphological changes were observed by light microscopy (LM); expressions of bcr/abl and JWA were detected with semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The results showed that morphological changes were observed as the increment of the Qingdai compound concentration. Inhibition effects on proliferation and apoptosis in K562 cells were seen. A concentration-dependent decreases were found in bcr-abl and JWA mRNA expression of K562 cells. Qingdai compound partially inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis of K562 cells. Expressions of both bcr/abl and JWA, which took part in cell proliferation and apoptosis, were down-regulated in a dose dependent manner. In conclusion, Qingdai compound can partially inhibit the expressions of bcr/abl and JWA genes in K562 cells, and the clinical effect of Qingdai compound on CML may be associated with apoptosis of leukemic cells.
Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl ; genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; drug effects ; Heat-Shock Proteins ; genetics ; Humans ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; genetics ; K562 Cells ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

Objective To analyze the effect of probiotics combined with early enteral nutrition on infection and gastrointestinal dysfunction in patients undergoing mechanical ventilation in intensive care unit (ICU).Methods Prospective cohort study was adopted to select patients who admitted to ICU in a hospital from February 2016 to October 2017, they were randomly divided into three groups:A, B, and C.Group A received early enteral nutrition combined with probiotics, group B received early enteral nutrition, and group C received early parenteral nutrition.Infection condition, level of infection indicators (on the 3 rd, 7 th and 14 th day after treatment), occurrence of gastrointestinal dysfunction, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II) on the 14 th day after treatment were compared among three groups.Results Incidences of infection in group A, B, and C were 6.00％, 20.00％, and 22.00％ respectively, difference among three groups was significant (χ2=8.57, P=0.01).C-reactive protein (CRP) and white blood cell count (WBC) in group A on the 7 th and 14 th day were both lower than those in group B and C;procalcitonin (PCT) in group A and B on the 3 rd day were both lower than that in group C;PCT in group A on the 7 th and 14 th day were both lower than those in group B and C;difference were all statistically significant (all P＜ 0.05).Incidence of abdominal distension (8.00％), diarrhea (4.00％) and gastric retention (4.00％) in group A were the lowest among three groups.APACHE II score in group A on the 14 th day after treatment was lowest.Conclusion Early enteral nutrition combined with probiotics for treatment of ICU patients with mechanical ventilation can effectively reduce the incidence of infection and gastrointestinal dysfunction, promote rehabilitation, which is worth promoting the application.