Objective To evaluate the effects of different doses of lidocaine on suppressing fentanyl-induced cough and determine a safe suppressing dose.Methods Two hundred patients undergoing general anesthesia were randomized to four groups evenly.The following medications were given within ten seconds:normal saline 10ml (groupⅠ,control group),lidocaine 1 mg/kg (groupⅡ),lidoeaine 1.5 mg/kg(groupⅢ),lidocaine 2mg/kg (groupⅣ).Toxic symptoms of lidocaine were recorded within lmin after the administration of lidocaine,then fentanyl 3?g/ kg was given intravenously within 5 seconds.Cough incidence and cough grade were recorded within 2rain after the administration of fentanyl.Systolic blood pressure (SBP),diastolic blood pressure (DBP),heart rates (HR),and satu- ration of pulse oximeter(SpO2) were recorded during different time points of induction,all recorded data were anal- ysed by the statistical software,P value

The incidence of deacclimatization to high altitude syndrome (DAHAS) prevailed up to 80% in highland troops, and 100% in manual workers, and severe DAHAS could significantly affects patients' health, work and life. So it is imperative to develop effective prevention and treatment measures for DAHAS. The present review analyzes effective prophylactic and therapeutic measures against DAHAS, implemented at our hospital.
Acclimatization ; Altitude ; Altitude Sickness ; prevention & control ; therapy ; Humans

Objective To discuss the value and experience of the percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP)in the treatment of vertebral body compression fracture(VCF)in aged osteoperosis.Methods PVP was performed in 44 cases with VCF including 28 with single vertebral compressed fracture,12 with double compressed fracture and four with triple compressed fracture,with 67 vertebrae,for clinical and radiologieal evaluation.Results The mean follow-up was 15 months(4-23 months).There could be seen immediate relief of pain in 40 cases,out-of-bed activities at operation day in 19 and out-of-bed activ- ities at second day after operation in 25.Postoperative X-ray showed uniformly distributed bone cement in the vertebral,without leakage.Conclusion PVP is a recommendable method for VCF,for it has ad- vantages of pain relief,vertebrae stabilization,minimal invasion and minor complications.

OBJECTIVETo explore the functional effects of MAPK pathway in the pathogenesis of human osteosarcoma.

METHODSGene microarray (Human Genome U133A, Affymetrix) was used to screen the differential expression of genes involved in MAPK pathway between osteosarcoma cell lines and 3 osteoblastic cell lines. KEGG metabolic pathway analysis was performed among significantly increased or decreased genes using the MATLAB software. Immunohistochemical technique was used to detect the expressions of ERK1/2, JNK and p38 proteins among 48 osteosarcoma and benign 24 osteoblastic tumor samples.

RESULTSUsing an entrance limit of > or = 2.0, 18 differentially expressed MAPK pathway-related genes were selected (10 up-regulated, 8 down-regulated) to mapped to the MAPK pathway of KEGG which are all important node genes. The positive rates of ERK1/2, JNK and p38 proteins were 83.3% (40/48), 72.9% (35/48) and 85.4% (41/48) in osteosarcomas,and 12.5% (3/24), 8.3% (2/24) and 16.7% (4/24) in the control group, respectively. The positive rates and expression intensities were statistically different between the 2 groups (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONMAPK pathway plays an important role in the pathogenesis of osteosarcoma. ERK, JNK and p38 form an intercoordinating network and regulate the cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, invasion and migration in osteosarcoma.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Bone Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Child ; Female ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Humans ; JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 ; metabolism ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 ; metabolism ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; metabolism ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Osteoblastoma ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Osteosarcoma ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Signal Transduction ; Young Adult ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; metabolism

Acclimatization ; Altitude ; Electroencephalography ; Humans

A highly sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) method was developed for the determination of actinoside E in rat plasma. The analytes were extracted by ethyl acetate and an analogue of actinoside F was used as the internal standard. The mobile phase consisted of methanol-water (50: 50, V/V) containing 0.1% formic acid was delivered at a flow rate of 0.3 mL·min(-1) to a Zorbax SB-C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 3.5 μm). The detection was performed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry in the negative multiple reaction monitoring mode with a chromatograph run time of 3.0 min. Calibration curves of actinoside E were linear in the range of 0.5-2 500 ng·mL(-1). In this range, intra- and inter-day precision ranged from 1.7% to 7.5% and 2.0% to 8.9%, respectively. The accuracy ranged from 95.7% to 108.6%, and extraction recovery from 83.2% to 85.5%. This method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of actinoside E in rats after intravenous (5 mg·kg(-1)) and oral (100 mg·kg(-1)) administration, and the results showed that actinoside E was poorly absorbed with an absolute bioavailability being approximately 0.27%.
Actinidia ; chemistry ; Animals ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Glycosides ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Kaempferols ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Plant Extracts ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; methods

Objective: To investigate the anti-tumor effect and anti-inflammatory activity of Boschniakia rossica (BR). Methods: The expression of tumor marker, GST-P, p53 and p21ras proteins in promotion stage of rat chemical hepatocarcinogenesis were examined by immunohistochemical technique ABC method. Anti-tumor effect of BR was investigated by inhibitory test on Sarcoma180. Anti-inflammatory activity of BR was tested by xylene-induced mouse ear swelling method. Results: BR-H2O extract (the H2O extract fractionated from BR-Methanol extract with CH2Cl2 and H2O) 500 mg/kg has inhibitory effect on the formation of diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced glutathione S-transferase placental form (GST-P) positive foci in rat liver with the expression of mutant p53 and p21ras proteins lower than those of non-treated hepatic preneoplastic lesions. BR extract showed inhibitory effect on Sarcoma180 and anti-inflammatory effect in mice by xylene-induced mouse ear swelling tests. Conclusion: BR- H2O extract exerted inhibitory effect on DEN-induced preneoplastic hepatic foci in promotion stage of rat chemical hepatocarcinogenesis and might suppress the growth of solid Sarcoma180 in mice. Both CH2Cl2 and H2O extract from BR exerted anti-inflammatory effect in mice.

Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Biphenyl Compounds ; pharmacology ; Creatinine ; metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; metabolism ; pathology ; Hypertrophy ; Immunohistochemistry ; Kidney ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; analysis ; genetics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Streptozocin ; Tetrazoles ; pharmacology ; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 ; analysis ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo extract the active component from the root of Actinidia valvata Dunn and to investigate the effects on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells in vitro.

METHODSTotal saponin was extracted from the root of A. valvata (TSAVD). HCC cells, such as BEL-7402, HepG2, PLC, SMMC-7721, MHCC-97-H, and MHCC-97-L, were treated with TSAVD in 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenytetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. BEL-7402 and MHCC-97-H cells were also treated respectively with TSAVD at different concentrations for 24 h in wound healing and adhesion assays, and the effects of TSAVD on BEL-7402 and MHCC-97-H cells mobility and adhesion abilities were observed. Meanwhile, the effects of TSAVD on invasion and migration of BEL-7402 and MHCC-97-H cells were also investigated by transwell chamber in invasion and migration assays.

RESULTSTSAVD at 1.5 mg/mL inhibited BEL-7402 cell proliferation with inhibition ratios (IRs) of 61.08%, 74.12%, 84.55% at 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively. Meanwhile, TSAVD inhibited MHCC-97-H proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner from 1.5 to 0.5 mg/mL, with the IR of 36% at 1.5 mg/mL at 24 h. For SMMC-7721, PLC, and HepG2, the IR was lower than 30% at 1.5 mg/mL at 24 h. In the wound healing assay, mobility abilities of BEL-7402 and MHCC-97-H cells in TSAVD treated groups were significantly weaker than those of the control group. After pretreatment for 24 h with TSAVD, adhesion abilities were reduced in both MHCC-97-H and BEL-7402 cells, with IRs of 48.50%±4.86% and 49.85%±5.25% at 200 μg/mL. The IRs of MHCC-97-H and BEL-7402 cells in the migration assay were 49.13%±2.91% and 79.37%±0.09% at 200 μg/mL. In the invasion assay, IRs were 69.78%±4.88% and 82.48%±0.25% at 200 μg/mL.

CONCLUSIONSOf all HCC cells, the highest inhibition by TSAVD was seen for BEL-7402 proliferation. TSAVD could restrain adhesion, invasion, mobility, and migration abilities of BEL-7402 and MHCC-97-H cells in vitro.

Actinidia ; chemistry ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Cell Adhesion ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Movement ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; drug therapy ; prevention & control ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Saponins ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Wound Healing ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo investigate causes and treatment of complications of tracheoesophageal puncture for Blom-Singer voice restoration after total laryngectomy.

METHODSFrom 1986 to 2004, one hundred and fifty one cases with Blom-Singer technique after total laryngectomy for voice restoration were retrospectively analyzed.

RESULTSAll cases were followed up from 6 months to 15 years. Among 151 cases, 138 cases got successful phonation and the total success rate of voice restoration was 91.4%. Of the 151 cases, 15 cases occurred complications. The rate of complications was 9.9%. The common complications included fistula granulations, infection, and leakage. Twelve cases got successful treatment accordingly, and the other 3 cases failed in phonation.

CONCLUSIONSThe procedure of tracheoesophageal puncture for voice restoration is relatively simple and has low complications. this method had high phonation success and good phonation quality, which is one of the best way to make laryngectomee to speak.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Humans ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; surgery ; Laryngectomy ; adverse effects ; rehabilitation ; Larynx, Artificial ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; epidemiology ; Retrospective Studies