Humans ; Rib Fractures ; Thoracic Injuries

To decrease the hemolysis side effect of puerarin, the basic formula and preparation of puerarin submicron emulsion were optimized and the physicochemical properties were evaluated. Puerarin submicron emulsions were prepared by phase inversion-ultrasound combining with phospholipids complexes technology. The effects of preparative parameters, such as emulsification time, stirring velocity and ultrasound time, on mean diameter, span of dispersity, entrapment efficiency and overall desirability were investigated. The three dimensional response surface graphs were produced by second-order polynomial and liner equation, which predict the optimal experiment conditions. All response variables were found to be greatly dependent on three independent variables. Second-order polynomial equations were fitter than liner equations for this study. The optimal emulsification time, stirring velocity and ultrasound time was 15 min, 2 000 r x min(-1), 30 min, respectively. The mean diameter, span of dispersity, entrapment efficiency, drug content and zeta potential of emulsions prepared by the method were 228.23 nm, 0.628 4, 84. 32%, 9.98 mg x mL(-1), - 29.03 mV, respectively. Puerarin submicron emulsion was prepared by the optimized preparation method. The narrow particle diameter distribution, high envelopment efficacy and good stability were obtained. The physicochemical properties were suitable for the requirement of the intravenous emulsion.
Emulsions ; Isoflavones ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Particle Size

Bronchial Diseases ; diagnosis ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary ; diagnosis

Acute Disease ; Child, Preschool ; Diarrhea ; complications ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Male

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) on the expression of ATP-binding cassette superfamily G member 2 (ABCG2) in human colon cancer cell SW480.

METHODSSW480 cells were treated with various concentrations of 5-FU. CCK8 assay was utilized to detect the 5-FU IC50 to SW480 cells. Positive expression of ABCG2 was detected by flow cytometry, and mRNA expression of ABCG2 was detected by real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

RESULTSThe 5-FU IC50 to SW480 cells increased as the drug concentration increased (P<0.05). Flow cytometry revealed that positive expression rate of ABCG2 in normal SW480 cells (group A) was (6.26±0.86)%. Immediately after treatment with 5-FU for 48 hours, the positive expression rate of ABCG2 (group B) was (3.43±1.18)% (P<0.05). In the second passage of cells after treatment with 5-FU for 48 hours, the positive expression rate of ABCG2 (group C) was (12.91±3.42)% (P<0.05). The mRNA expression of ABCG2 detected by RT-PCR was in accordance with the results from flow cytometry.

CONCLUSIONExpression of ABCG2 in SW480 cells can be affected by various concentrations of 5-FU.

ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Sub-Family G, Member 2 ; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Colonic Neoplasms ; metabolism ; Fluorouracil ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Neoplasm Proteins ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on behavior and hippocampal amino acids in depressive-like rats.

METHODSD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: control, model, fluxetine, low dose ginsenoside Rg1 and high dose of ginsenoside Rg1. The chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) was performed to induce depressive-like animal model. Fluxetine group was orally given fluxetine in dose of 10 mg x kg(-1) for 21 days, low dose ginsenoside Rg1 group was orally given ginsenoside Rg1 in dose of 20 mg x kg(-1) for 21 days, high dose ginsenoside Rg1 group was orally given ginsenoside Rg1 in dose of 40 mg x kg(-1) for 21 days. The control and model group was orally given saline for 21 days. The sucrose consumption was detected before and after the CUMS procedure. The horizontal and vertical activities of rats were determined by open-field test. HPLC was adopted to detect the contents of amino acids in hippocampus.

RESULTThe sucrose consumption, horizontal and vertical activities in CUMS rats were decreased compared with those in control group. Compared with control group, the contents of glutamate (Glu) and aspartate (Asp) in hippocampus of CUMS group were increased, while the gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) and taurine (Tau) were decreased. Ginsenoside Rg1 treatment significantly increased the CUMS-induced decrease in sucrose consumption, horizontal and vertical activities. Administrated with ginsenoside Rg1 also decreased Glu and Asp and increased the GABA and Tau in hippocampus in a dose dependent manner.

CONCLUSIONGinsenoside Rg1 could alleviate the behavior changes of depressive-like rats, which might be related to regulate the levels of amino acids in hippocampus during CUMS and prevent the neuro-toxicity of excitatory amino acids.

Amino Acids ; metabolism ; Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; drug effects ; Depression ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; psychology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Ginsenosides ; administration & dosage ; Hippocampus ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To optimize ambi-extracting and inclusion process of volatile oil from Chuanxiong Rhizoma and Angelicae Sinensis Radix. Methods With yield ratio of volatile oil and ferulic acid content in water extract as evaluation indexes, single factor experiments were used to study the extraction process. With the inclusion rate of volatile oil and yield of inclusion as evaluation indexes, saturated aqueous solution was used to L9(34) orthogonal experiments to reach optimum inclusion process. Results The optimum extraction process of Chuanxiong Rhizoma and Angelicae Sinensis Radix was extracted for 8 hours with 8 folds the amount of water, and without soaking. The validation experiments of extraction of volatile oil and ferulic acid content in water extract were 1.23 mL and 0.387 9 mg/g. The optimum conditions of inclusion process were as follows: volatile oil (mL): β-CD (g) was 1:8;inclusion temperature was 40 ℃; inclusion time was 3 hours. The validation experiments of inclusion rate of volatile oil and yield of inclusion were 74.89% and 72.81%. Conclusion Optimum ambi-extracting and inclusion process of volatile oil from Chuanxiong Rhizoma and Angelicae Sinensis Radix are feasible and stable, witch can provide certain supporting data for preparation production.

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak caused by respiratory adenovirus in a university,and study the factors of respiratory adenovirus outbreak and ways of prevention and control.Methods The pharyngeal swabs of each case were identified by real time-PCR and sequencing.All the epidemiological and clinical information of these cases was collected via field interviews and medical records.Epidemiological characteristics of the outbreak were analyzed descriptively.Results 193 cases,including 89 cases of pneumonia,from a total of 807 cases,were admitted to the hospital.The incidence was 32.79%(807/2461).798 adenovirus positive samples were detected from 2461 pharyngeal swab samples.The total positive detection rate was 32.42%(798/2461).The positive rate of adenovirus was 98.88%(798/807).Clinical symptoms included fever(95.7%), cough(76.9%)and sore throat(52.2%).The outbreak was brought under effective control after integrated intervention measures were taken.Conclusion Respiratory adenovirus often causes outbreaks in crowded populations.Early symptomatic surveillance and standardized laboratory detection methods are crucial for prevention and control of outbreaks.Integrated control measures should be taken according to the field conditions and characteristics of the outbreak.

OBJECTIVEThis prospective randomized double-blinded clinical trial was designed to explore the effects of amlodipine and the combination of amlodipine with terazosin in improving postvoid residual (PVR) in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and concomitant hypertension.

METHODSWe randomly divided 360 LUTS patients with concomitant hypertension into a 5 mg amlodipine group, a 2 mg terazosin group and a 5 mg amlodipine plus 2 mg terazosin group, and measured PVR at the baseline and 4 weeks after the treatment.

RESULTSFor male patients with LUTS associate with hypertension, all of amlodipine (APVR = 6.8) , terazosin (APVR = 7. 6), and combination group (APVR = 8.8) can significant reduced the PVR (P < . 0.1), but no significant difference was found among three groups.

CONCLUSIONAmlodipine alone or combined with terazosin can improve the PVR of the LUTS patient effectively, but had no significant difference compared with terazosin.

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists ; therapeutic use ; Aged ; Amlodipine ; therapeutic use ; Antihypertensive Agents ; therapeutic use ; Double-Blind Method ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Humans ; Hypertension ; complications ; drug therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prazosin ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Prospective Studies ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; complications ; drug therapy ; Treatment Outcome ; Urinary Retention ; complications ; drug therapy ; Urodynamics ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo evaluate their long-term outcome and the efficacy and economic significance of antiviral drugs by investigating the long-term health-related quality of life (HQL) in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients.

METHODSThe HQL of 101 CHB patients with biopsy-proven 6 to 18 years ago and 105 persons of general population as control was studied with revised SF-36 questionnaire.

RESULTSThe HQL in CHB patients was lower than that in general population in physical functioning, role physical, general health, mental health, and specific symptoms (mu > or = 2.10, P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe long-term HQL in chronic hepatitis B patients is poor.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; Cost of Illness ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; drug therapy ; economics ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Quality of Life ; Surveys and Questionnaires