Age-related macular degeneration( AMD) is one of the major reasons of blindness among the elderly in the developed countries. As AMD patients are increasing year by year, AMD has become one of the important topics of ophthalmic research to prevent blindness. Its pathogenesis is not fully understood, but many studies have shown that vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) plays an important role in the pathogenesis. With the development and application of anti - VEGF drugs, there are a variety of drugs applied to the disease. This article introduces conbercept for the treatment of AMD.

BACKGROUND:Central pancreatectomy is a surgical treatment for tumors at the neck or the middle part of the pancreas, which can reserve more normal pancreas, not cut adjacent organs, and reduce the incidence of postoperative internal and external pancreatic secretion deficiency with respect to the expanded proximal and distal pancreatectomy. OBJECTIVE: To systematicaly evaluate the clinical efficacy of the central pancreatectomy and distal pancreatectomy. METHODS: A computer-based search of Chinese and English databases was performed, and then 15 controled clinical trials were included and systematicaly evaluated using RevMa5.2 software. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Totaly 1 079 cases were included in this study, which consisted of 436 central pancreatectomy cases and 643 distal pancreatectomy cases. Meta-analysis showed that compared with the distal pancreatectomy group, the incidences of postoperative pancreatic fistula and complications were significantly higher, the risk of postoperative endocrine and exocrine insufficiency were significantly lower, while the surgical time (SMD: 59.23, 95%CI: 22.41-96.05, P < 0.01) and hospital stays (SMD: 7.01, 95%CI: 1.94-12.09,P< 0.01) were longer in the central pancreatectomy group. These findings indicate that although the central pancreatectomy has a high postoperative complication incidence, it can be accepted clinicaly, which may be a reasonable operation method to preserve pancreatic exocrine and endocrine function.

ObjectiveTo investigate the mental health of freshmen of university.MethodsSymptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) was used to self evaluate 7763 freshmen of university in Ningbo.Results and ConclusionThe overall level of the mental health of this group was higher than that of the Chinese module, and the prevalence of psychological symptoms was 13.2%. The average level of mental health of female were inferior to male. The difference between the students from cities or towns and from the countryside were distinct. Students who were satisfied with their majority get noticeably higher average score than the ones who were not satisfied.

Objective To investigate the expression and significance of transforming growth factor beta receptors (TGF?RⅠ, TGF?RⅡ) in basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Methods The expression of TGF?RⅠand TGF?RⅡwere assessed by quantitative real-time PCR and streptavidin -peroxidase (SP) immunohistochemical techniques in specimens of basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and normal control skin. Results Eighteen patients with basal cell carcinoma and twenty-four with squamous cell carcinoma were enrolled in the study. The expression levels of TGF?RⅠand RⅡmRNA were significantly down-regulated in basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma in comparison with those in control skin specimens (P

Objective To investigate the expression and significance of Smad 7,Smurf 1 and Smurf 2 in basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma.Methods Biopsy specimens were resected from 14 patients with basal cell carcinoma,19 patients with squamous cell carcinoma and 30 normal controls.Quanti- tative real-time PCR and immunohistochemical techniques were utilized to assess the expression of Smad 7, Smurf 1 and Smurf 2 in these specimens.Results The gray scale for staining of Smad 7,Smurf 1 and Smurf 2 was 166.61?7.11,166.08?8.71,and 166.25?8.15 respectively in basal cell carcinoma,161.66?5.52,166.84?9.27,and 169.98?9.48 respectively in squamous cell carcinoma.The expression levels of Smad 7,Smurf 1 and Smurf 2 were all significantly increased in basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell car- cinoma in comparison with normal controls.Conclusions The over-expression of Smad 7,Smurf 1 and Smurf 2 may interfere with transforming growth factor?signaling transduction pathway through several links,therefore prevent the inhibitory effect of transforming growth factor?on epidermal proliferation,and accelerate the abnormal proliferation in above epidermal tumors.

Objective To investigate the correlation of single nucleotide polymorphism of rs3731055 and rs2607775 of xeroderma pigmentosum group C (XPC) and smoking with genetic susceptibility to pancreatic cancer.Methods The clinical data of 214 patients with pancreatic cancer who were admitted to the First and Third Affiliated Hospitals of Xinjiang Medical University from January 2009 to June 2011 and 214 healthly individuals were retrospectively analyzed.The samples of venous blood of 214 patients with pancreatic cancer (case group) and 214 healthy individuals (control group) were analyzed by the Multiplex SNaPshot method.The count data were analyzed using the chi-square test.The association between the single nucleotide polymorphism of rs3731055 and rs2607775 with genetic susceptibility to pancreatic cancer was analyzed using the Logistic regression method.Results Four hundred and twenty-three samples of gene were successfully typed,including 210 in the case group and 213 in the control group.The frequency of G allele of XPC rs3731055 was 75.95％ (319/420) in the case group and 77.00％ (328/426) in the control group,with no significant difference between the 2 groups (x2 =0.12,P ＞ 0.05).The frequencies of genotypes GG,GA and AA were 58.57％ (123/210),34.76％ (73/210) and 6.67％ (14/210) in the case group,and 60.09％ (128/213),33.80％ (72/213) and 6.10％ (13/213) in the control group,with no significant difference between the 2 groups (x2=0.12,P ＞ 0.05).The frequency of C allele of XPC rs2607775 was 87.86％ (369/420) in the case group and 93.43％ (398/426) in the control group,with significant difference between the 2 groups (x2=7.75,P ＜ 0.05).The frequencies of genotypes CC,CG and GG were 77.62％ (163/210),20.48％ (43/210) and 1.90％ (4/210) in the case group,and 86.85％ (185/213),13.15％ (28/213) and 0(0/213) in the control group,with significant difference between the 2 groups (x2=8.54,P ＜ 0.05).Patients with rs2607775 GC genotype were associated with a significantly increased risk of pancreatic cancer compared with patients with rs2607775 CC genotype (adjusted OR =1.81,95％ CI:1.06-3.10,P ＜ 0.05).Patients with rs2607775 GC + GG genotype were associated with a significantly increased risk of pancreatic cancer compared with patients with rs2607775 CC (adjusted OR =1.98,95％ CI:1.16-3.36,P ＜ 0.05).The ratio of patients in the case group who smoked cigarettes ≥ 17 pack years was 25.24％ (53/210),which was significantly higher than 13.15 ％ (28/213) of the control group (x2 =11.37,P ＜ 0.05).The results of univariate analysis showed that patients who smoked cigarettes ≥ 17 pack years had higher risk of getting pancreatic cancer (adjusted OR =2.82,95％ CI:1.27-6.29,P ＜ 0.05).Patients who smoked cigarettes ≥ 17 pack years and with rs2607775 CC also had higher risk of getting pancreatic cancer (adjusted OR =2.87,95％ CI:1.18-6.99,P ＜0.05).No significant gene-environment interaction was observed between rs2607775 GC + GG and smoking ≥ 17 pack years (adjusted OR =3.65,95％ CI:0.67-20.03,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The polymorphisms of XPC rs2607775 may play a role in the onset of pancreatic cancer.Patients who smoke cigarettes ≥ 17 pack years are more easily to have pancreatic cancer.There is no interaction between smoking and XPC rs2607775 in influencing the progression of pancreatic cancer.

Objective To systematically review the clinical efficacy of transanastomotic pancreatic ductal stents placement after pancreaticoduodenectomy.Methods According to the Cochrane reviewers handbook (version 5.0 ),literatures were retrived from PubMed,Embase,Cochrane,VIP database,China Biology Medicine disc and CNKI database,and then the quality of the literatures was analyzed.Meta analysis was carried out using the RevMan software ( version 5.0.18 ).A random effects model was adopted,and the results of the meta analysis were presented with odds ratio (OR) and 95％ confidence interval (95％ CI).Results Four randomized controlled trials including 557 patients were retrieved.External stents were used in 160 patients and internal stents in 115 patients.The results of meta analysis showed no significant difference in the rate of fistula,overall postoperative morbidity and mortality between patients who did or did not receive pancreatic stents placement (OR =0.66,0.70,0.63,P ＞ 0.05 ).There were significant differences in the rate of pancreatic fistula and overall postoperative morbidity between patients who received external pancreatic stents placement and those did not receive pancreatic stents placement ( OR =0.48,0.55,P ＜ 0.05 ).There was no significant difference in the mortality rate between patients who received external pancreatic stents placement and those did not receive pancreatic stents placement (OR =0.71,P ＞ 0.05 ).There were no significant difference in the incidence of pancreatic fistula,overall postoperative morbility and mortality between patients who received internal pancreatic stents placement and those did not receive pancreatic stents placement ( x2 =0,0.75,2.11,P ＞ 0.05 ).Conclusions External pancreatic stents placement after pancreaticoduodenectomy can reduce the incidence of postoperative complications.The effects of internal pancreatic stents placement need to be proved by further highquality prospective randomized trials.

OBJECTIVETo study on the dynamic changes of Codnopsis pilosula for the guidance of the field management.

METHODUsing the random method the influences of the cultivating density and fertilizing weight at four different levels was observed.

RESULT AND CONCLUSIONThe dynamic changes of the biomass, growth period andbiological changes at different growth stages were found out. The most predominant combination of the two factors, the 1.05 million roots/hm2 of the cultivating density and 240 kg x hm(-2) of the fertilizing weight reached the highest accumulation of stems & leaves; 652 mg x d(-1) the 0.6 million roots/hm2 and 240 kg x hm(-2) reached the heaviest single fresh root. The results could be used for the cultivating, fertilizing and practicing SOP of C. pilosula.

Biomass ; Codonopsis ; anatomy & histology ; growth & development ; Fertilizers ; Plant Leaves ; anatomy & histology ; Plant Roots ; anatomy & histology ; Plant Stems ; anatomy & histology ; Plants, Medicinal ; anatomy & histology ; growth & development ; Seasons

Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Nucleus ; genetics ; Cells, Cultured ; Diploidy ; Genetic Vectors ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; ultrastructure ; Transfection

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the applicability of immune-related response criteria (irRC) in treating non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by Chinese medicine (CM).

METHODSTotally 97 stage III a-IV NSCLC patients were predominantly treated with comprehensive CM. Curative effects were evaluated by three methods such as Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST), Oncologic Curative Effect Evaluation Criteria of Chinese Medicine in Solid Tumor (draft, abbreviated as CM criteria), and irRC. The correspondency and consistency between irRC, RECIST and CM criteria were analyzed and compared. The objectivity of irRC in evaluating curative effect of Chinese medical treatment for NSCLC was assessed.

RESULTSThe correspondency rate of irRC to RECIST was 59. 79% with Kappa value of 0. 379 (U test, P <0. 01). The two criteria had certain correspondence, but with an unsatisfactory consistency. The correspondency rate of irRC to CM criteria rate was 83. 51% with Kappa value of 0.751 (U test, P <0. 01). The two criteria had good correspondence and consistency.

CONCLUSIONSCM criteria had good consistency with CM criteria in evaluating curative effect for Chinese medical treatment of advanced NSCLC. Its results could objectively reflect features and advantages of CM for treating advanced NSCLC.

Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; standards ; Treatment Outcome