High glucose stimulated angiotensinⅡ(ATⅡ) production in mesangial cells of rat.Both high glucose and ATⅡdecreased expressions of matrix metalloprotein-9 (MMP-9) mRNA and MMP-9/tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) mRNA ratio and increased TIMP-1 mRNA expression in mesangial cells of rat,which could be reversed by an ATⅡreceptor blocker,Saralasin.

Objective To compare the curative effect of high ligation+exfoliation and subfascial endoscopic perforator surgery(SEPS)for superficial varicose veins in calf+invagination spot-striping surgery in great venous varicosity.Methods Study group(42 patients)accepted SEPS+invagination spot-striping surgery and control group (42 patients)accepted traditional surgeries.Operation duration,bleeding volume in operation,the time of beginning movement away from bed after operation,hospitalization duration,the degree of pain,the scar,the recrudescence af- ter operation and the instance of the ulcer heals of two groups were compared.Results Operation duration,bleeding volume in operation,the time of begin movement away from bed after operation and hospitalization durations of study group were significantly lower than those of control group(P0.05).All of the patients in study group recovered without severe syndromes such as venous thrombosis,skin necrosis,lower limb functional disorder etc.They had no recrudesce after 4～16 months and were satisfied with the curative effect.Con- elusions The clinical curative effect of SEPS+invagination spot-striping surgery in great venous varicosity is superi- or to that of traditional operation and it has the advantages such as minor wound,few scars,light pains,short hospi- talization duration,without recrudescence,the ulcer heals quickly and so on.

The electrospray ionization-ion mobility spectrometric (ESI-IMS) technique has the potential as an analytical separation tool in analyzing polypeptides and amino acids for fast screening unknown samples in anti-chemical and biological terror attacks. A method for detecting several polypeptides and amino acids was developed based on ESI-IMS using air as drift gas at room temperature. The ion mobility of four amino acids and two polypeptides dissolved in methanol was determined on the system at elution rate of 2 mL/ min. The spectra of these compounds had characteristics of finger-printing maps. The limit of detection of this instrument for Substance P could reach 855 ng / mL in 1 min. The results showed that a small, self-contained ESI-IMS instrument with reservoirs of air could be used to quickly detect and accurately identify polypeptides and amino acids.

Objective: To synthesize the collagen-GAG template and to evaluate its feasibility to be used as the MSCs vehicle for meniscal tissue engineering. Methods: The collagen-GAG template was synthesized from rat tail type Ⅰ collagen and GAG using Yannas method. Then the post-stimulated MSCs by bFGF and TGF-β1 were added in. The MSCs-enriched collagen sponges were cultured in vitro， two weeks later the histological and ultrastructure detection was performed. Results: The histological and ultrastructure of the collagen-GAG template remained intact after 2 weeks' culture, and the MSCs in it remained viable. Conclusion: The collagen-GAG template synthesized in this experiment is suitable for the meniscal tissue engineering reconstruction as the vehicle for MSCs seed cells.

Objective To improve the conventional method of quantitative assessment of regional cerebral blood flows(rCBF)by a perfusion CT study based on maximal slope model at the general infusion rate(

Objective To detect the expressions of CD19 and CD20 of B-lymphocytes (CD19+B, CD20+B) and natural killer (NK) cells in the peripheral blood of epileptic children and explore their significances. Methods Four hundred and fifty-eight epileptic children, admitted to our hospital from January 2008 to December 2010, were chosen as patient group; another 52 healthy subjects were chosen as controls. The expressions of CD19+B and CD20+B and NK cells were detected by flow cytometry; their results were compared. Ninety-two epileptic children were treated with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and the effect of IVIG therapy was studied. Results The CD19+B level ([22.35±6.54]％) and CD20+B level ([21.50±8.41]％) in the epileptic children were obviously higher than those in the healthy controls ([16.86±4.02)％,[16.13±4.19]％, P＜0.05); and the level of NK cells ([9.1 1±4.90]％) in the epileptic children was significantly decreased as compared with that in the healthy controls ([14.72±4.15]％, P＜0.05). The CD19+B level ([18.26±5.03]％) and CD20+B level ([16.74±5.12]％) 6months after MG treatment were decreased significantly as compared with those before treatment ([22.74±6.25]％,[21.61±8.03]％, P＜0.05]; while the level of NK cells ([14.65±4.58]％) 6 months after IVIG treatment was increased significantly as compared with that before treatment ([9.07±4.76]％,P＜0.05). Among the 92 patients treated with IVIG, 70 enjoyed good results and 22 had non-effective resutls; The changesofCD19+Blevel ([7.99±5.34]％) and CD20+B ([8.21±5.21]％) before and after treatment in effectively treated patients by IVIG were significantly different as compared with those in ineffectively treated patients by MG ([3.78±2.76]％,[3.66±2.48]％, P＜0.05); however, the changes of level of NK cells before and after treatment showed no significant difference between effectively treated patients and ineffectively treated patients ([5.28±4.55]％,[4.53％±4.43]％, P＞0.05). Conclusion Dysfunctions of B-lymphocytes and NK cells exist in epileptic children, and MG treatment shows good effect on immune dysfunction of them. The levels of CD19-B and CD20-B can be used as monitoring indicators in the IVIG treatment of epileptic children.

OBJECTIVETo study correlation of brain hypoxia of different degrees with brain function and damage.

METHODSThe brain regional oxygen saturation (rSO2) was determined by using a non-invasive near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) technique in 15 piglets; the piglets were subjected to inhale 3% - 11% oxygen-nitrogen mixed gas through mechanical ventilation for 30 min. The piglets were divided into groups according to the level of brain rSO2 (i.e. < 30%, 30% - 35%, 35% - 40%, and 40% - 50%), and the data were compared with those of the control group (rSO2 > 60%). Changes of brain function were detected through amplitude and frequency of EEG waves and signal complexity. The piglets were sacrificed via decapitation 72 h after brain damage, and then histopathological and ultrastructural examinations were performed on cerebral cortex and hippocampal CA1 area.

RESULTSIn the group with rSO2 > 40%, the mean arterial pressure (MAP) after hypoxia was (56 +/- 0.00) mm Hg (1 mm Hg = 0.133 kPa), the blood lactic acid (LA) was (2.3 +/- 1.2) mmol/L, the EEG findings were within normal range, and there was no change in brain tissue ultrastructure. In the group with brain rSO2 = 30% approximately 40%, the MAP was (73 +/- 8) mm Hg, the LA was (8.2 +/- 3.9) mmol/L, the EEG waves showed decreased amplitude, frequency and complexity, but restored to some extent after hypoxia. The brain tissue ultrastructure showed damages to the cerebral cortex and neuron mitochondria at hippocampal CA1 area. In the group with brain rSO2 < 30%, the MAP was (35 +/- 0) mm Hg, the LA was (12 +/- 2) mmol/L, the EEG showed decreased amplitude, frequency, and complexity of signals compared with those of the normal control group, and was difficult to restore after hypoxia in some of the piglets; the brain tissue ultrastructure appeared to be similar to the changes seen with high-degree swollen cerebral cortex and neuron mitochondria at hippocampal CA1 area.

CONCLUSIONDifferent degrees of hypoxia had different influence on brain function and brain damage. The lower the brain rSO2, the more severe the damages to the brain and its function. The rSO2 of brain tissues detected with noninvasive NIRS can reflect brain injury and its severity during cerebral anoxia.

Animals ; Blood Gas Analysis ; Brain Injuries ; complications ; Cerebral Cortex ; physiopathology ; Cerebrovascular Circulation ; physiology ; Electroencephalography ; Female ; Hypoxia ; metabolism ; pathology ; Hypoxia, Brain ; complications ; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain ; physiopathology ; Male ; Neurons ; pathology ; Oximetry ; instrumentation ; Oxygen ; metabolism ; Oxygen Consumption ; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared ; methods ; Statistics as Topic ; Swine

Autophagy is a self-decomposing process that is used to degrade long-lived proteins or necrotic organelles.It is extremely dependent on lysosomes,widely present in eukaryotic cells and highly conserved.Autophagy can protect the cells themselves and help them resist the adverse environment at a proper level,but excessive autophagy can result in autophagic cell death.In recent years,with the comprehensive research of autophagy,it has been found that autophagy is closely related to the development and progression of most tumors.More drugs associated with autophagy are used for the clinical treatment of tumors,but they have different therapeutic effects on different tumors,so the impact of autophagy-related drugs on normal cells need to be identified through more clinical trials and experimental studies.This paper reviews the roles of autophagy in the occurrence and development of tumors,and recent progress in the treatment of cancer by regulating autophagy through drugs.

OBJECTIVETo study the surgical indications, approaches and the clinical results of the total spondylectomy and instrumentation reconstruction in the treatment of cervical spinal tumor.

METHODSFrom October 1998 to October 2003, 39 patients with lower cervical bone tumors, including 34 cases with primary tumor and 5 cases with metastatic tumor, were admitted and operated on with total spondylectomy. The patients underwent anteroposterior total spondylectomy including anterior cervical plating, titanium mesh reconstruction and posterior instrumentation based on the location of tumor lesions in the lower cervical spine. One vertebral level total spondylectomy was performed in 29 cases, two level in 7 cases and three level in 3 cases.

RESULTSThe postoperative follow-up ranged from 6 months to 4 years. A majority of patients achieved good results postoperatively. Nineteen cases had complete relief of neurological status. One patient died of multiple metastases and systemic failure 24 months later. One case with malignant neurilemmoma developed local recurrence one year postoperatively.

CONCLUSIONAnteroposterior total spondylectomy and reconstruction can reduce local recurrence, improve neurological function and increase operation therapeutic effect. Meanwhile, the technique of cervical total spondylectomy carries relatively greater risks and should be more attention to the operation indication.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Cervical Vertebrae ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Spinal Fusion ; methods ; Spinal Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo study the relationship between early brain response to extrinsic stimulation and neurodevelopment in preterm infants, assess the brain function of preterm infants in the early stage, and thereby to provide objective evidence for the degree of neurodevelopment in preterm infants and to evaluate prognosis.

METHODSUsing near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), the brain response to sound stimulation of 90 preterm infants at different gestational age was observed and compared with the result obtained from 20 full term infants. The neonatal behavioral neurological assessment (NBNA) was performed at corrected age of 40 weeks, and the infants were followed up for 2 years. The effect of gestational age and brain damage on preterm infants, the relation between early brain response in preterm infants and their neurodevelopment was evaluated.

RESULTSAll the preterm infants responded to different degrees to auditory stimulation after birth. The time to beginning to react and the time to appearance of the peak reaction were attained after auditory stimulation and the time to beginning to resume when the auditory stimulation was stopped was (278 +/- 94) s, (446 +/- 67) s and (199 +/- 52) s, respectively, which were significantly longer than those observed in the full term infants (107 +/- 30) s, (264 +/- 51) s and (131 +/- 46) s, respectively. The maximum reactions of hemoglobin, oxyhemoglobin and regional oxygen saturation in the infants after gestational age 32 weeks was (0.3 +/- 0.3)%, (0.7 +/- 0.5)% and (0.3 +/- 0.3)%, respectively, which were significantly lower than those in the full term infants (1.7 +/- 0.7)%, (1.7 +/- 0.8)% and (1.6 +/- 0.7)%, respectively. When the brain response of preterm infants was compared with that in infants without brain damage, the speed of the reaction was slow, the maximum reaction was low. The brain response in preterm infant was correlated with NBNA at corrected age of 40 weeks. It was found during the following-up that abnormal neurodevelopment was associated with poor brain reaction.

CONCLUSIONSNIRS can be used to evaluate brain response of infants. Preterm infants display brain response to auditory stimulation. Early brain response is correlated with neurodevelopment.

Acoustic Stimulation ; Age Factors ; Brain ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gestational Age ; Hemoglobins ; metabolism ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Infant, Premature ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Male ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Oxygen ; metabolism ; Oxyhemoglobins ; metabolism ; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared ; Time Factors