Objective To study expression and clinical significance of nm23 genes in primary breast carcinomas. Methods The expression of nm23 was detected by immunohistochemical S-P method in 286 cases of primary breast carcinomas. Results The positive rate of nm23 expression was 65.7%. There was not a significant correlation between the positive rate of nm23 and patients' age, tumor pathological types. There was a significant relation between the expression of nm23 and tumor clinical stage, axillary lymph node metastasis, and the positive rate of nm23 expression in the cases of clinical stage I without axilliary lymph node metastasis was significantly higher than that in the cases of clinical stage III with axilliary lymph node metastasis. Conclusion The expression of nm23 gene was negatively related with clinical stage and axilliary lymph node metastasis in breast carcinomas, which indicated that nm23 gene expression may serve as an index for predicting lymph node metastasis and the prognosis of breast carcinoma.

Aim To explore the therapeutic effects of 3′-daidzein sulfonate sodium(DSS) on isolated myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and the relation of its mechanism to anti-oxidation.Methods An isolated rat myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury was made,and the injury was treated with DSS.Following the treatment,the coronary blood flow levels,left ventricular systolic pressure,and activities of enzymes(LDH,SOD,GSH-Px) were measured.Results After treatment,the isolated myocardial tissue showed an increase in the volume of perfusion and an increase in the enzymatic activities of LDH,SOD,GSH-Px in the myocardial tissue.Conclusion DSS has a therapeutic effect on isolated myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury because it enhances anti-oxidative activity in myocardial tissue.

Objective To investigate the cavernous nerves innervation from prostate apex to glans penis and the relation between cavernous nerves and surrounding tissues and organs. Methods The urethra and penises of three formalin preserved adult cadavers were removed from prostate apex to glans penis.The sections underwent hematoxylin-eosin staining and Bielschowsky nerve staining.The course and distribution of cavernous nerves and relationship between the cavernous nerves and surrounding tissues and organs was observed microscopically and photographed from prostate apex to glans penis. Results From serial sections we found when nerve fibres run along prostate apex,while surrounding the lateral and dorsal aspects of prostate apex and urethra.from 30'clock to 9 0'clock.Most fibres went through smooth muscle and some of them went through the periphery striated muscle and urogenital diaphragm.The distance to urethra lumen was only 3-5 mm.After the nerve fibres went distally and anteriorly,they accompanied closely with cavernous vein plexus and then went into corpora cavernosa.At the distal end of corpora cavernosa,there were"windows"through which the neurovascular bundles communicated between corpora cavernosa and glans penis just like doors to glans penis. Conclusions When nerve fibres run from prostate apex to urogenital diaphragm,along dorsal lateral aspect of prostate and urethra,there are only 3-5 mm to the urethra lumen,so it is very easy to be injured in traumas or operations.In the urethral bulb fragment,the nerves run anteriorly and laterally.out of the periphary muscle,so the cavernous nerves will not be i~ured when dissect urethra bulb from surrounding muscles.Dissect glans penis from distal end of penis in operation would be avoided in order to protect the cavernous nerves between corpora cavernosa and glans penis.

Objective To investigate the effects of probucol and losartan on cell proliferation after balloon angioplasty in hypercholesterolaemic rabbits.Methods Forty male New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into high cholesterol diet group,probucol group,losartan group and combined drugs group.The iliac arteries of the rabbits were balloon-injured and the insulin-like growth factor-I receptor(IGF-IR),vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),and proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA) were detected by using immunohistochemical method.Results Compared with high cholesterol diet group,the lumen areas were enlarged and the intimal areas were decreased in the probucol group,losartan group and combined drugs group(all P

BACKGROUND: Estradiol produces great adverse effects in treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of small dose of estradiol combined with estradiol on bone tissue of ovariectomized rats.METHODS: A total of 120 healthy female rats were randomly and evenly divided into five groups: sham-operated (only resectionof a small block of para-ovarian fat pad), ovariectomized (without drugs), puerarin, estradiol, and puerarin + estradiol. One weeklater, rats from the puerarin, estradiol and puerarin + estradiol groups were subcutaneously injected with puerarin (50 mg/kg, oncea day), estradiol (200 μg/kg, twice a week), estradiol puerarin (25 mg/kg, once a day) + (100 μg/kg, twice a week), respectively.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the ovariectomized group, rat bone tissue was sparse, bone calcium and phosphorus levelsas well as bone mineral density were significantly lower compared with sham-operated group (P < 0.01). After estradiol and/orpuerain treatment, rat bone tissue morphology was obviously improved, and bone calcium and phosphorus levels and bonemineral density were significantly increased. The above-mentioned indices were similar after small dose of puerarin combinedwith estradiol treatment and high dose of puerarin combined with estradiol treatment. These findings suggest that small dose ofestradiol combined with estradiol treatment yields satisfactory curative effects in treatment of osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats.

Objective To investigate the effect of minimally invasive surgery in patients with midge-upper advanced gastric cancer (AGC). Methods 167 patients with middle-upper AGC underwent total gastrectomy+D2 lymph node dissection from January 2009 to December 2013 were enrolled in the study and divided into laparoscopic assisted total gastrectomy (LATG) group (n = 57) and open total gastrectomy (OTG) group (n = 110). Baseline data, operative, postoperative data and follow-up result were compared between the two groups. Results There were no significant differences in baseline data between the two groups (P > 0.05); The intraoperative blood loss and incision length in LATG group were significantly lower than that in OTG group (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in operation time, ratio of intraoperative blood transfusion, distance between the upper margin and the tumor, the number of lymph node dissection between two groups (P > 0.05); Postoperative first aerofluxus time, ecovery liquid diet time, postoperative hospitalization days and VAS score of pain in 3 d after operation in LATG group were significantly lower than that in OTG group (P < 0.05). There was no significant differences in incidences of postoperative complication between two groups (P > 0.05); There was no patient dying within 30 d after surgery.The median follow-up time was 38.2 months (1~58 months). Postoperative 1, 3 year overall survival rates in LATG group and OTG group were 87.7% and 83.6%, 71.9% and 64.5%, and there were no significant differences between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion For patients with middle-upper AGC, LATG+D2 lymph node dissection has lots of advantages including less intraoperative blood loss, shorter incision, faster postoperative recovery, shorter hospital stay and so on, which is safe and effective, and their short-and long-term results are satisfactory.

Purpose To explore the clinicopathologic characteristics, pathologic diagnosis and differential diagnosis of extraskeletal myxiod chondrosarcoma. Methods The clinical and pathological features were studied with HE and immunohistochemical staining in 5 cases of extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma, and the related literatures were also reviewed. Results Extraskeletal myxoid chondro-sarcoma was male predominance (4 males: 1 female), and the age ranged from 32 to 62 years with an average of 52 years. Four tumors occurred in thigh and another in chest. Histologically, the neophlasm were composed of round and oval cells. Immunohisto-chemically, the tumor cells were positive for vimentin in five cases, synaptophysin expressed in one case, S-100 showed focal positivity in two cases, but negative for CK, p63, EMA, CD34, SMA in all cases. Molecular genetics detection shows chromosome exchange be-tween number 9 and 22. Conclusion Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma is a rare tumor which has no special characteristics in clinical and iconography, and its diagnosis mainly depends on the histopathologic features, immunohistochemistry and molecular genet-ics. Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma grows slowly, but have a high tendency for local recurrence and metastases.

BACKGROUND:Osteosarcoma combined with pathological fracture was often treated by amputation. With clinical application of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and improvement of technology and material of the prosthesis, the limbs of patients with osteosarcoma combined with pathological fracture were reserved. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effect of the application of custom-manufactured artificial total knee prosthesis replacement in limb salvage treatment for patients with osteosarcoma combined with pathological fracture. METHODS:A total of 11 patients with pathological fracture with osteosarcoma located in adjacent knee Joint were enrol ed from June 2002 to September 2012. In accordance with individual condition of the patient, limb salvage treatment was designed for knee prosthesis for a tumor. Fol ow-up results were retrospectively analyzed. There were six males (54.5%) and five females (45.5%) and their age ranged from 11 to 50 years old with an average age of 25.4 years old. Onset regions:seven tumors were located in the distal femur and four tumors were in the proximal tibia. Al patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and limb salvage treatment with custom-manufactured artificial knee prosthesis. The fol ow up was performed for 9 to 105 months. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In 11 patients after prosthesis replacement, the regional recurrence rates were 18%, lung metastasis rates were 36%. The five-year survival rate was 58%. Four patients developed lung metastases and died in 9 to 24 months postoperatively. During the last fol ow-up, Enneking score of the affected limbs was 11 to 30 points, averagely 23.3 points, with an excellent and good rate of 82%. Results indicated that combined with neoadjuvanet chemotherapy, the application of custom-manufactured artificial total knee prosthesis replacement in the treatment of osteosarcoma located in adjacent knee joint and pathological fracture achieved an ideal outcomes of the limb salvage treatment in the near future. The lone-term effectiveness was expected to be evaluated.

Educational Measurement ; Humans ; Inservice Training ; Pneumoconiosis ; diagnosis ; Reference Standards

BACKGROUND: The commonly used culture methods for primary intervertebral disc cells are type Ⅱcol agenase alone digestion method, and type Ⅱ col agenase combined trypin digestion method. However, the acquired cells are few. OBJECTIVE: To acquire nucleus pulposus cells from human degenerative intervertebral disc using a systemic and simplified method. METHODS: Nucleus pulposus cells were isolated and cultured. The morphology of nucleus pulposus cells was observed under inverted phase contrast microscope every day. Primary and subcultured cellsuspension was applied for the determination of cel viability using trypan blue staining. The cel growth was detected with MTT assay. The cel morphology was observed under laser confocal microscopy. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Nucleus pulposus cells were successful y isolated from from human degenerative intervertebral disc using the improved method, and cells were subcultured to passage 3. Primary cells were fusiform shaped, while cells at passage 1 and 2 were triangle or polygonal, which were similar to fibroblasts. When cells almost reached the confluence, the cells showed slabstone-like appearance. Trypan blue staining showed that, the primary cel viability was 99%, and passage 3 cells had 93%-95% viability. The proliferation of nucleus pulposus cells gradual y decreased as the generation increased. Compared with passage 1 cells, passage 2 and 3 cells at logarithmic phase trended to be smoother. The cel morphology observed under laser confocal microscopy was similar to the results under phase contrast microscope. The improved simple method can successful y acquire a variety of cells from human degenerative intervertebral disc, and these cells show fine biological properties.