Objective:To test curriculum management effect of graduate students'clinical practice of counseling psychology.Methods:Totally 26 students [average age (24.5 ± 1.0) years] who completed 30-day interns summer were investigated with the self-made questionnaire evaluating the quality of clinical practice.Results:All students obtained promotion in practice activities,the attendance ranged from 50.0％ to 96.2％.The overall satisfaction was (3.8 ± 0.8) and the average degree of supervisors'satisfaction was (4.0 ± 0.8).There were 92.3 ％ of the students had participated more than 224 hours' practice and completed all tasks.After the interns,the students had significantly improved in all 8 aspects of professional abilities.Conclusion:In graduate education of counseling psychology,curriculum management of clinical practice may be an effective approach to improve students' clinical skills.

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics, surgical treatment and related factors of traumatic implantation cyst of the iris. Design Retrospective cases series. Participants Thirty-six cases of traumatic implantation cyst of the iris. Methods Thir- ty-six cases of traumatic implantation cyst of the iris were reviewed. Main Outcome Measures Age, surgical history, history of disease, surgical method of patients. Results All cases of traumatic implantation cyst of the iris were secondary to perforating injury. 10 cases had been undertaken cataract surgery. The histories of disease in 6 months～1 year and 1 year～10 years were 30.56% respectively. Sur- gical exicision was taken in all cases. There were 2 recurrence cases. Conclusion Traumatic implantation cyst of the iris is almost see- ondary to perforating injury. Surgical excision is an effective strategy to treat this disease.

Objective To investigate the prognostic sequelae in neontes with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) and ven-tricnlar dilatation.Methods Seventy-six full term newborns infants with HIE were followed up at the age from 3 to 19 months after therapy. Twenty-five infants among them were followed up by telephone in the epidemic period of SARS.Results Among 76 infants of 88 newborn infants with HIE(84.6%), 73 infants were normal (96.1% ). 1 infant had cerebral palsy (1.3%), 2 infants died (2.6 %).Among 39 cases with mild HIE, none of them had cerebral sequelae; among moderate HIE. 1 infant had cerebral palsy (2.9%) 1 infant died (2. 9 %), interlenkin-4 among severe HIE 50 % died (P00.5 The poor outcome of HIE in those infants were related to intrauterine growth retardation,severe birth asphyxia;and inadequate treatment.Cranial ultra-sonography of 49 infants were done on follow-up,and 12 of them (24.5 % ) had ventricular dilatations, which appeared after birth with 6 infants. Others occurred on follow-up with 1 infant had cerobral palsy,all ventricular dilatations recovered to normal at 12- 19 months except the cerebral palsy.Conclusions The poor outcome of HIE depends on the infants with intranterine growth relarda-tion,severe birth asphyxia and inadequate treatment.The prognosis of transient ventrealar ddatation are good except cerebral palsy.J Appl Clin pediatr,2004,19(12) : 1045- 1047

Objective To investigate the cytoprotection and mechanism of carbachol(CCH)to stimulate M3mus-carinic acetylcholine receptor(M3-mAChR) against hypoxia injury induced by cobaltous chloride hexahydrate (CoCl2) in rat cardiomyocyte line H9c2. Methods Select the normal rat cardiomyocyte line H9c2 as the control group, rat cardiomyocyte line H9c2 was managed with CoCl2to develop hypoxia injury model, M3-mAChR spe-cific agonist CCH and antagonist 4-diphenyl-acetoxy-N-methyl-piperidine methiodide(4-DAMP) were used for in-tervention. The cell viability was tested by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT); The apoptosis in cardiomyocyte was detected by flow cytomery(FCM); The expression of M3-mAChR,caspase-3, HIF-1α and HO-1 proteins was measured by Western blot assay. Results In hypoxia group,the ap-optosis rate was significantly increased while cell proliferation decreased, the expression of HIF-1α, caspase-3 and HO-1 proteins were up-regulated obviously;After treatment with CCH,the apoptosis and cell proliferation of cardiomyocytes were significantly decreased, while the proliferation of cells increased, and the expression of M3-mAChR, HIF-1α and HO-1 proteins increased, the expression of caspase-3 protein was significantly decreased. Moreover, when applying 4-DAMP as intervention, these effects mediated by CCH was abolished.Conclusions CCH stimulates M3-mAChR against hypoxia injury induced by CoCl2in rat cardiomyocyte strain H9c2, and the mechanism may be related to down-regulation of caspase-3 expression and up-regulation of HIF-1α and HO-1 protein expression.

OBJECTIVETo study the application value of asthma predictive index (API)-based group therapy in wheezing children under 5 years of age.

METHODSA total of 239 wheezing children under 5 years of age were divided into API-positive (n=126) and API-negative groups (n=113). Each group was randomly assigned to inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) subgroup and montelukast sodium (leukotriene receptor antagonist, LTRA) subgroup. The ICS and LTRA subgroups received the same drug therapy at the same dosage within the first four weeks of treatment. In the stable period of disease, the ICS subgroup only received aerosol inhalation of budesonide suspension, while the LTRA group was orally given montelukast sodium only. Asthma symptom scores were assessed and recorded at different time points.

RESULTSIn the first four weeks of treatment, ICS and LTRA were effective both in the API-positive and API-negative groups; the two groups showed significant improvements in asthma symptom scores, and the asthma symptom score showed no significant difference between the ICS and LTRA subgroups of each group. After 24 weeks of treatment, the two therapies were still effective; in the API-positive group, the LTRA subgroup had a better treatment outcome than the ICS subgroup, but there was no significant difference in treatment outcome between the LTRA and ICS subgroups of the API-negative group.

CONCLUSIONSFor wheezing children under 5 years of age, therapeutic strategies can be chosen based on API in the stable period of disease, so as to better control wheezing.

Administration, Inhalation ; Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; administration & dosage ; Asthma ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Leukotriene Antagonists ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Psychotherapy, Group ; Respiratory Sounds ; diagnosis ; drug effects

BACKGROUNDThe antitumor role of Ras association domain family 1A (RASSF1A) gene and its potential molecular mechanisms are not well understood. The objective of this study was to observe the antitumor ability of RASSF1A in hepatocellular carcinoma, and study the mechanisms of cell apoptosis induced by RASSF1A.

METHODSAfter stably transfecting a RASSF1A (wild-type or mutant) expression vector into the BEL-7402 hepatocellular carcinoma cell line, RT-PCR and Western blotting was used to detect the RASSF1A expression levels in recombinant cells. The effects of wild-type RASSF1A on cell growth were observed in vitro by analyzing cell proliferation rate, cell colony formation, and in vivo by analyzing tumorigenesis in nude mice. In addition, the effect of RASSF1A gene expression on the chemosensitivity of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells to antitumor drugs was examined by inhibition of cell proliferation and the percentage of apoptotic cells.

RESULTSWild-type RASSF1A, not the mutant, suppressed cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Re-expression of wild-type RASSF1A could enhance the inhibition of cell proliferation and the percentage of apoptotic cells following cell treatment with mitomycin, but had no significant effect when combined with adriamycin, etoposide, 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin treatment.

CONCLUSIONWild-type RASSF1A inhibits cell growth and enhances cell chemosensitivity to mitomycin in hepatocellular carcinoma, suggesting that RASSF1A may serve as a new target for gene therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma patients.

Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; genetics ; Blotting, Western ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Genetic Therapy ; methods ; Humans ; Mitomycin ; pharmacology ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; physiology

BACKGROUNDBlocking the 4-1BB/4-1BB ligand (4-1BBL) signal may modulate the secretion of Th1/Th2 cytokines and prolong the survival of the grafts, which play a key role in organ transplantation tolerance. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of blockade of the 4-1BB/4-1BBL co-stimulatory pathway with 4-1BBL monoclonal antibody (mAB) in acute rejection of rat orthotopic liver transplantation.

METHODSThe orthotopic liver transplantation model was set up, while male Lewis rats were used as liver donors and Brown-Norway rats as recipients. The recipient rats were intravenously injected with anti 4-1BBL mAB or isotype control antibody. Groups were monitored for graft survival after transplantation. Plasma chemistry, including aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and bilirubin (BIL), was assayed. The concentrations of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-10 and interferon (IFN)-gamma in plasma were also measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Allograft histology images were collected under light microscope and electron microscope.

RESULTSIsotype antibody treated recipients exhibited elevated plasma levels of liver injury markers including AST, ALT and BIL, progressive portal and venous inflammation and cellular infiltration of the liver allografts, and a mean graft survival time (MST) of 10.9 days. Administration of anti 4-1BBL mAB resulted in a decrease in plasma levels of liver injury markers and the concentrations of IL-2, IL-10 and IFN-gamma. The histological grade of rejection on day 7 decreased and MST (17.3 days) increased substantially.

CONCLUSIONSThese results demonstrate that attenuation of acute rejection follows the blockade of the 4-1BB/4-1BBL co-stimulatory pathway with 4-1BBL monoclonal antibody and strongly suggest it is a promising strategy to prevent progression of graft rejection by suppressing T cell-mediated immunity.

4-1BB Ligand ; immunology ; Alanine Transaminase ; metabolism ; Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; metabolism ; Bilirubin ; metabolism ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Graft Rejection ; immunology ; prevention & control ; Graft Survival ; drug effects ; Interferon-gamma ; blood ; Interleukin-10 ; blood ; Interleukin-2 ; blood ; Liver Transplantation ; adverse effects ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Lew

Objective:To investigate the distribution characteristics of polymorphisms of rs9515692C/T and rs1352743A/G in the promoter region of miR-17-92 gene cluster in Guangxi people and compare them with those of other ethnic groups and explore the association of its polymorphisms and lymphocytes.Methods:The rs9515692C/T and rs1352743A/G of miR-17-92 gene cluster were genotyped by using SNaPshot technique and DNA sequencing.Detection of the number of lymphocytes using flow cytometry.The differences of polymorphisms between groups were analyzed statistically.Results:No significant differences of genotype and allele frequency in the two SNPs was observed between different gender in the Guangxi population(P>0.05).However,there were significant differences in the distribution frequencies of genotype and allele of Europeans,Japanese and Africans in rs9515692C/T and rs1352743A/G (P<0.05).Conclusion:Polymorphisms of rs9515692C/T and rs1352743A/G are different in different people.In addition,rs9515692C/T polymorphism may be associated with the number of B cells.

AIM:To investigate the distribution characteristics of interleukin-22(IL-22)gene rs2227485C/T and rs2227491A/G polymorphisms in Guangxi people and the distribution differences with other ethnic groups ,and to ex-plore the difference levels of common lipid indexes in different genotypes.METHODS:SNaPshot technique and DNA se-quencing were used in 280 Guangxi persons to examine IL-22 genotypes and to analyzed the distribution frequencies of allele and genotype in these sites.The distribution frequencies in different sexes ,and the differences between groups and diffe-rence levels of common lipid indexes in different genotypes were analyzed statistically.RESULTS:Three genotypes of CC ,CT and TT were found in rs2227485C/T with the frequency distribution of 17.1％,49.3％and 33.6％,respectively.No significant difference between different sexes of each genotype and allele frequency in the Guangxi population was observed(P>0.05).Compared with the distribution frequencies of genotype and allele in HapMap -TSI,HapMap-HCB,HapMap-JPT and HapMap-MEX,those in Guangxi population showed statistically significant differences(P<0.05).Three geno-types of AA,AG and GG were found in rs2227491A/G with the frequency distribution of 16.1％,52.8％and 31.1％,re-spectively.There was no significant difference between different sexes of each genotype and allele frequency in the Guangxi population(P>0.05).The significant differences of genotype frequencies among Guangxi population ,HapMap-TSI,Hap- Map-JPT and HapMap-MEX were detected(P <0.05 ).Compared with the other 4 populations ,allele frequencies in Guangxi population had significant difference(P <0.05).There were significant differences in the levels of HDL-C and LDL-C among the 3 genotypes of rs2227491A/G.The level of HDL-C had difference between AG/AA genotype and GG genotype.In addition,the level of LDL-C had difference between AG/GG genotype and AA genotype(P<0.05).CON-CLUSION:rs2227485C/T and rs2227491A/G polymorphisms of IL-22 gene have differences in different populations.The rs2227491A/G polymorphism may be associated with serum lipid levels.

Objective:To analyze the distribution characteristics of IL-13 gene rs20541C/T site polymorphism in Guangxi population and compare the distribution differences among different populations.Methods: IL-13 genotypes were examined by using SNaPshot technique and DNA sequencing in 275 Guangxi people and analyzed the distribution frequencies of allele and genotype in this site.The result compared with the allele and genotype of other populations(Europeans,Beijingers,Japanses and Africans).Results:The polymorphism of rs20541C/T of IL-13 gene in Guangxi population existed.The genotype frequencies of CC,CT and TT were 40.0%,46.2% and 13.8% respectively.The frequencies of C and T allele were found to be 63.1% and 36.9%.The polymorphism had no significant difference between male and female(P>0.05).Compared rs20541C/T of IL-13 gene with those of HapMap-CEU, HapMap-YRI and Tianjin people,the distribution frequency of genotypes was significantly different(P<0.05).In this site,there were significant differences of allele frequency when compared with the other five populations(P<0.05).Conclusion: There are different degrees of diversity of rs20541C/T polymorphism of IL-13 gene among different races and regions.