Chinese medicinal formulae( CMF) were often used in the clinics of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) which were critical for modernization of Chinese medicine to shed light on the interaction between CMF and biological organisms. In current studies, correlation between system and part, macroscopic actions and microcosmic mechanism, ADME process and pharmacologic actions were often neglected. Thus, we put forward integrative pharmacology, which could integrate the correlation between CMF and biological organisms from multi-levels and multi-dimensional views. Integrative pharmacology would reveal the molecular mechanism of CMF for ailments treatment and screen out effective material systematically, which would be the new paradigm of TCM research.
Absorption ; Computational Biology ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; trends ; Pharmacology ; methods ; trends ; Tissue Distribution

Objective To investigate the safety and feasibility of totally laparoscopic radical resection of gallbladder cancer.Methods The retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study was adopted.The clinical data of 30 patients who underwent laparoscopic radical resection of gallbladder cancer at the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from January 2013 to August 2015 were collected.The patients received synchronous hepatic segmental or extrahepatic bile duct resection according to the conditions of patients,and choledochojejunostomy was applied to patients undergoing extrahepatic bile duct resection.The patients accepted postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy according to the results of postoperative pathological examination.Observation indicators included (1) operation situations,including surgical procedures,operation time,volume of intraoperative blood loss and number of lymph node dissected,(2) postoperative situations,including time for outoff-bed activity,time for diet intake,time of drainage tube removal,occurrence of complications and duration of hospital stay,(3) results of postoperative pathological examination,including tumor stage and surgical margin,(4) postoperative adjuvant treatment,(5) follow-up situation including the survival of patients,tumor recurrence and metastasis.The follow-up using outpatient examination and telephone interview was performed to detect the survival of patients and tumor recurrence and metastasis up to December 2015.Count data were represented as average (range).Results All the 30 patients underwent successful laparoscopic radical resection of gallbladder cancer combined with hepatic S4b and S5 resection + lymph node dissection at N1 region.Six patients with obstructive jaundice caused by tumor invaded to extrahepatic bile duct underwent combined laparoscopic extrahepatic bile duct resection + Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy,without perioperative death.The average operation time,average volume of intraoperative blood loss and average number of intraoperative lymph node dissected were 238 minutes (range,178-430 minutes),250 mL (range,200-600 mL) and 7 (range,4-15),respectively.(2) The patients got out-off-bed activity and normal diet intake at postoperative day 2,with a average time of drainage tube removal of 3 days (range,0-25 days) and an average duration of hospital stay of 5 days (range,3-28 days).Two patients with complications were cured by symptomatic treatment.(3) Results of postoperative pathological examination showed that all the patients received R0 resection,and pathological stage showed that 12 patients were detected in Ⅰ B stage,10 in Ⅱ stage,7 in ⅢA stage and 1 in ⅢB stage.(4) One patient in Ⅲ B stage (pT3N1 M0 stage) received gemcitabine + cisplatin chemotherapy and other patients didn't receive the adjuvant treatment.(5) All the patients were followed up for a median time of 16 months (range,4-32 months),without tumor recurrence and metastasis at Trocar puncture site.There were 25 patients with tumor-free survival and 5 patiens died of tumor recurrence.Conclusion Laparoscopic radical resection of gallbladder cancer is technically safe and feasible,with a satisfactory short-term outcome.

Adult ; Balloon Occlusion ; instrumentation ; Cardiac Catheterization ; instrumentation ; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Ligation ; instrumentation ; Recurrence

Objective To study the feature of MRI in ureter transitional cell carcinoma,to evaluate the diagnostic value in transitional cell carcinoma of ureter with MRI.Methods Heavily T_2-weighted fast spin echo pulse sequence,fat suppression pulse and MR urography(MRU)were performed.The MRI finding of the ureter transitional cell carcinoma were anlysed in 32 cases and were discssed with the review of literature.Results Fifteen lesions were located at the upper portionof the ureter,7 at mid portion and 10 at lower portion.Each case presented urinary obstruction,distention and uretal hydrocele.21 retrograde urleropyelogrhpy of nodular shaperal irregular,11 irregular the ureteral wall,10 dilate the ureter in 21 cases,11 infitrative lesion to grow in location,9 lymphanode to enlarge in surrounding of major arterial of abdominal and renal out in 11 cases.17—72 mm length the lesion,39 mm average,6—50 mm width the leion,17 mm average.Hypointense on T_1 WI and hyperintense on T_2 WI image in 23 cases,hyperintense on both T_1 WI and T_2 WI image in 5 cases,hypointense on T_1 WI and isointense on T_2 WI image in 2 case, slightly hypointense on both T_1 WI and T_2 WI images in 2 case.Ninteen homogeneous and 13 non homogeneous of signal in lesion,22 reliable and 5 suspicious diagnosis and 5 misdiagnosis in MRI. Conclusion The location,the shape,the spectrum of the tumor and change of surrounding tiessue were clear cuted in MRI,but further research in confirmation of the diagnosis.

This paper analyses the defects of bubble oxygen inhalators currently used, and investigates into their solutions for improvement.
Oxygen Inhalation Therapy ; instrumentation ; methods ; Oxygenators ; standards

In this paper, the action of suet oil in the preparation of self-assembled micelles of the active flavonoids in Epimedium in the simulated human environment was researched. Twelve suet oil samples were collected from different growing areas and different positions of sheep or goat to simulate the formation of micelles. Then the effects of the fatty acids in suet oil on the preparation of self-assembled micelles were studied furthermore. The results showed that the micelles had a dispersed state and spherical smooth surface. To compare the diameter, potential, encapsulation efficiency and drug loading of the 12 batches micelles, the micelles prepared by the suet oil from Qinghai were more stable and had a higher encapsulation efficiency. The fatty acids in suet oil could promote the formation of self-assembled micelles, but the whole suet oil had a better effect. Above all the study, we confirmed that the suet oil promoted the formation of self-assembled micelles of the flavonoids in Epimedium, it laid foundation for further research about increasing the efficacy of Epimedium and improved the absorption of the active flavonoids in Epimedium.
Animals ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; China ; Drug Carriers ; chemistry ; Electric Conductivity ; Epimedium ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Fatty Acids ; chemistry ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; Geography ; Goats ; Humans ; Micelles ; Oils ; chemistry ; Sheep

To investigate the biological role of snake venom cystatin(sv-cystatin) in tumor progression, the cDNA of sv-cystatin amplified by PCR from pUC18-cystatin plasmid was cloned into methanol-inducible expression vector pPICZ?A. The linearized recombinant plasmid pPICZ?A-cystatin was transfered into Pichia pastoris, strain GS115 by electrophoration. Transfermants with phenotype Mut+ selected were identified by PCR analysis and induced in 1.0% methanol. The reombinant sv-cystatin protein was examined by SDS-PAGE, Western blot analysis. The molecular mass of expression product was about 14 kDa and approximately 16 mg/L of recombinant sv-cystatin was produced from one of GS115-cystatin transformants. The chromatography purified protein could reduce the activity of papain. The ability of B16F1 cells treated with recombinant sv-cystatin to invade the reconstituted basement membrane decreased significantly (P

Objective To study the biological activities of Synechococcus sp.PCC7942 with trans-mutated hCu,Zn-SOD-gene.Methods Synechococcus sp.PCC7942 with trans-mutated hCu,Zn-SOD were administered orally for 20d to mice,then the activities of glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),catalase(CAT),superoxide dismutase(SOD) and the content of malondialdehyde(MDA) were determined.Results The activities of GSHPx in serum and the activities of CAT in blood increased obviously;the activity of SOD in serum and liver increased markedly;the content of MDA in serum and liver decreased obviously.Conclusion Synechococcus sp.PCC7942 with trans-mutated hCu,Zn-SOD-gene had obvious antioxidant effect in vivo.

Objective To establish a method for isolation and cultivation of human invasive pituitary adenoma-derived fibroblast in vitro and explore their biological properties in order to investigate the role of the fibroblasts in the invasive growth of the pituitary adenoma.Methods The fibroblasts were isolated from hu- man invasive pituitary adenoma tissue by different rate of adhesion.Primary culture and passage culture were carried out,and growth characteristics of fibroblasts were observed under phase-contrast microscope in primary and passage culture.Immunohistochemical technique was used to identify the fibroblasts.The cell growth curve was measured by MTT method.The ultrastructure was observed under electronmicroscope.Results The cultured invasive pituitary adenoma-derived fibroblasts showed active proliferative ability.The cell bodies was bigger than other tissue fibroblasts,and the cell shape was irregular.The rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex and ribosome were profuse in the cytoplasm.The positive expression rate of collagen[and vi- mentin of the fibroblasts were above 95%.Conclusion The method of different rate of adhesion is success- fully utilized to culture human invasive pituitary adenoma-derived fibroblasts.These cells showed active prolif- erative ability,and maybe have an importent function in the invasive growth of the pituitary adenoma.

Aim To study inhibitory effect of 5-fluorouracil encapsulated by galactosylceramide liposomes (5-Fu-GCL)on 5-Fu-resistent HepG_2 cells and its mechanisms. Methods Inhibitory effect of 5-Fu-GCL on established model of 5-Fu-resistant HepG_2 cells was assessed with MTT assay in vitro. The concentration-time course of 5-Fu-GCL in intracellular fluid was detected with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Thymidylic acid synthase (TS) expression was observed with immunohistochemical method,and NO content was determined with chemical method. Results Obvious inhibitory effects of 5-Fu-GCL (75,150,300,600,1200?mol?L-1) on 5-Fu-resistant HepG_2 cells were observed with IC_ 50 of 158.6 ?mol?L-1,far lower than that of free 5-Fu (400.9 ?mol?L-1). 5-Fu-GCL (300 ?mol?L-1) inhibited 5-Fu-resistant HepG_2 cells in a time-dependent manner,and the inhibitory effect of 5-Fu-GCL was stronger than that of free 5-Fu during 12～48 h. Compared with free 5-Fu,5-Fu-GCL (300 ?mol?L-1) increased the content of intracellular fluid in 5-Fu-resistant HepG_2 cells. 5-Fu-GCL(62.5,300,1200 ?mol?L-1) not only inhibited the expression of TS,but also increased the production of NO in 5-Fu-resistant HepG_2 cells,and these effects of 5-Fu-GCL(300,1200 ?mol?L-1) were stronger than those of free 5-Fu. Conclusion 5-Fu-GCL has inhibitory effect on 5-Fu-resistant HepG_2 cells. The effect may be related to the increased concentration of 5-Fu-GCL in intracellular fluid,inhibited expression of TS and increased production of NO.