Adult ; Afibrinogenemia ; chemically induced ; Humans ; Intracranial Hemorrhages ; chemically induced ; Male ; Valproic Acid ; adverse effects

Objective To assess the inlfuence of depth on liver stiffness measurement with real-time shear wave elastography (SWE) and determine the optimal depth for SWE in liver. Methods SWE of liver was performed on 89 healthy volunteers between May 2012 and November 2012. The depths of each liver were varied from 0 cm to 7 cm (from the liver capsule) in 1 cm increment and there were 8 depth groups in total. Then the elastic modulus of liver in each depth group were measured three times by SWE. The body mass index (BMI) and the distance from body surface to liver capsule were documented. The success rates and the mean elastic modulus of each group were calculated. Results The success rates of 0-7 cm were 0, 98.9%(88/89), 98.9%(88/89), 98.9%(88/89), 71.9%(64/89), 24.7%(22/89), 3.4%(3/89) and 0, respectively. The success rates were highest in 1 cm, 2 cm and 3 cm groups but signiifcant decreased with the increasement of depths in 4 cm, 5 cm and 6 cm groups ( 3 cm vs 4 cm, χ2=25.94, P<0.001; 4 cm vs 5 cm, χ2=39.68, P<0.001;5 cm vs 6 cm,χ2=16.79, P<0.001). The mean elastic modulus of 1 cm, 2 cm, 3 cm, 4 cm and 5 cm groups were (4.77±0.99), (4.68±0.99), (4.76±0.95), (5.19±1.10) and (5.41±0.95) kPa, respectively. The mean elastic modulus of 4 cm and 5 cm groups were signiifcant higher than those of 1 cm, 2 cm, 3 cm groups (4 cm vs 1 cm, t=-2.85, P=0.005;4 cm vs 2 cm, t=-3.49, P=0.001;4 cm vs 3 cm, t=-2.76, P=0.006;5 cm vs 1 cm, t=-3.13, P=0.002;5 cm vs 2 cm, t=-3.66, P=0.000;5 cm vs 3 cm, t=-3.05, P=0.003). In the group of 4 cm, the BMI and the distance from body surface to liver capsule of the volunteers performed successfully and unsuccessfully were (20.70±2.87), (22.07±2.42) kg/m2 and (1.45±0.25 ), (1.60±0.29) cm, respectively. In the group of 5 cm, the BMI and the distance from body surface to liver capsule of the volunteers performed successfully and unsuccessfully were (19.82±2.76), (21.49±2.72) kg/m2 and (1.35±0.21), (1.54±0.26) cm respectively. The BMI had no signiifcant difference between the successful and unsuccessful groups (t=-2.83, P=0.108 for 4 cm;t=0.77, P=0.709 for 5 cm), but the distance from body surface to liver capsule was signiifcantly different (t=26.51, P=0.012 for 4 cm;t=79.57, P=0.004 for 5 cm). Conclusions The success rates and elastic modulus were different at different depths. SWE should be performed at the depths of 1-3 cm from the liver capsule.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the placement of a long tube into the small intestine under fluoroscopic guidance and to evaluate its decompression effect on early postoperative small bowel obstruction (EPSBO).

METHODSFifty-four patients with EPSBO requiring decompression between April 2010 and July 2014 were enrolled in the study. Insertion of a long tube was guided by fluoroscopy. We first used the guide wire to pass the pylorus and then used the 10 Fr feeding tube as an exchangeable tube to put the superstiff wire into the duodenum. Finally the long tube could be passed over the guide wire through the pylorus into the intestine. The total procedure time, the radiation exposure time, and the incidence of complications were evaluated.

RESULTSThe long tubes passed into the jejunum on initial insertion for all patients, so the success rate of this technique was 100%. The long tube was inserted into ileum in 18 patients. The mean total procedure time was 34.4 ± 8.6 minutes, and the mean radiation exposure time 18.9 ± 6.8 minutes. A total of 47 patients (87%) experienced full recovery following long-tube decompression and without the need for surgical intervention.

CONCLUSIONSUsing the wire-exchange technique, it is easy to place a long tube into the small bowel under fluoroscopic guidance. This decompression method is safe and effective for management of EPSBO.

Adult ; Aged ; Decompression, Surgical ; methods ; Female ; Fluoroscopy ; Humans ; Intestinal Obstruction ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies

Objective To investigate current status of cognitive behavior on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to provide evidence for targeted intervention.Methods A questionnaire survey on COPD was conducted at 12 settings of 4 prefectures that were sampled from Ningxia Province using multistage stratified cluster random sampling method,and 4268 residents at least 40 years old were interviewed.Multivariate linear regression method was used for data analysis.Results A total of 4056 valid questionnaires were returned from 4200 participants with an effective response rate of 96.57％.Only 6.51％(264/4056) had an idea of COPD,13.88％ (563/4056) regarded cigarette smoking as a risk factor of chronic bronchitis and emphysema,and 6.39％ (259/4056) knew pulmonary function tests.Home income,living area,education level and ethnicity were main factors influencing COPD awareness.The percentage of current cigarette smoking was 28.80％ (1168/4056) with 20.40％ in Hui (Muslim) ethnic group and 34.63％ in Han ethnic group (P ＜ 0.05 ) ; smoking index and severe smokers were not significantly different between the two groups ( P ＞ 0.05 ).Conclusion Our data suggest a considerably poor knowledge and prevention awareness of COPD in Ningxia Province.In spite of relatively lower cigarette smoking rate,the problem that Hui (Muslim) ethnic people are lack of COPD awareness should not to be neglected.

Objective To investigate the effects of CD24 on CCl4-induced murine liver fibrosis and to analyze the possible molecular mechanism.Methods Wild type (WT) and CD24 knockout (CD24-/-) C57BL/6 mice were treated with CCl4 through intraperitoneal injection.Levels of ALT in serum samples were detected and liver tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) to assess liver tissue injury.Sirius Red staining was used to observe liver fibrosis.Real-time PCR was performed to detect the expression of α-SMA (α-smooth muscle actin), Col1a1 (Collagen, typeⅠ, alpha 1), TGF-β1 (transforming growth factor-β1) and CD24 at mRNA level in liver tissues.Western blot was performed to analyze the expression of α-SMA and Col1a1 at protein level.Flow cytometry analysis was used to detect the macrophages in liver tissues.ELISA was used to detect the expression of TGF-β1 in the culture supernatants of M1 and M2 macrophages.Results The expression of CD24 at both mRNA and protein levels were up-regulated in mice with CCl4-induced liver fibrosis.HE staining showed that liver inflammation in CD24-/-mice was more severe than that in WT mice after treated with CCl4.Sirius Red staining of paraffin-embadded liver sections revealed that compared with WT mice, CD24-/-mice presented with more severe liver fibrosis.Moreover, α-SMA and Col1a1, indicators of liver fibrosis, in CD24-/-mice were significantly higher than those in WT mice.Flow cytometry analysis showed that murine hepatic macrophages significantly increased in CD24-/-mice than in WT mice following CCl4 treatment.Real-time PCR analysis also confirmed that significantly enhanced expression of TGF-β1 at mRNA level in liver tissues was observed in CD24-/-mice than in WT mice.TGF-β1 secreted in the culture supernatant of M2 macrophages derived from CD24-/-mice group was more than that of the WT mice group.No significant difference in TGF-β1 secretion in culture supernatant of M1 macrophages was observed between the two groups.Conclusion Taken together, these data suggest that CD24 plays an important role in attenuating CCl4-induced chronic inflammation and hepatic fibrosis in mice.The mechanism of CD24 in alleviating liver fibrosis might be through regulating intrahepatic macrophages, inhibiting the secretion of TGF-β1 by M2 macrophages and suppressing the activation of hepatic stellate cells.

Adult ; Carcinoma ; complications ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Neoplasms ; complications ; Solitary Fibrous Tumors ; complications ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; complications

Adult ; Aged ; Coal Mining ; Health Promotion ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Health ; statistics & numerical data ; Young Adult

Through potted inoculation test at room temperature and indoor analysis, the photosynthetic parameters and physiological and biochemical indexes of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis were observed after 28 arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi were injected into the P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis growing in a sterile soil environment. The results showed that AM fungi established a good symbiosis with P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis. The AM fungi influenced the photosynthetic parameters and physiological and biochemical indexes of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis. And the influences were varied depending on different AM fungi. The application of AM fungi improved photosynthesis intensity of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis mesophyll cells, the contents of soluble protein and soluble sugar, protective enzyme activity of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis leaf, which was beneficial to resist the adverse environment and promote the growth of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis. Otherwise, there was a certain mutual selectivity between P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis and AM fungi. From the comprehensive effect of inoculation, Racocetra coralloidea, Scutellospora calospora, Claroideoglomus claroideum, S. pellucida and Rhizophagus clarus were the most suitable AM fungi to P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis when P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis was planted in the field.
Fungi ; classification ; isolation & purification ; physiology ; Liliaceae ; metabolism ; microbiology ; Mycorrhizae ; classification ; isolation & purification ; physiology ; Photosynthesis ; Plant Leaves ; metabolism ; Rhizome ; microbiology

Objective To investigate the clinical features of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP)in patients with autoimmune diseases.Methods The data from 12 patients with autoimmune diseases who were hospitalized in Peking Union Medical College Hospital because of developing PCP were retrospectively reviewed.Clinical characteristics and T cell subsets in the peripheral blood were analyzed.Results The main clinical manifestations of these 12 patients were fever(12/12),cough(9/ 12),expectoration(9/12)and obvious dyspnea(12/12),which were progressive.Blood gas analysis presented with typeⅠrespiratory failure.Bilateral interstitial and alveolar infiltrates were observed in chest X-ray film.The counts of peripheral blood lymphocytes(0.44?0.31)?10~9/L,CD4~+ T-lymphocytes (0.120?0.079)?10~9/L and CD8~+ T-lymphocytes were(0.248?0.252)?10~9/L decreased significantly and the CD4/CD8 ratio reversed,which were significantly different from those of healthy person(P

Adult ; Aged ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mining ; Occupational Exposure ; Pneumoconiosis ; complications ; mortality ; Survival Analysis ; Tuberculosis ; complications ; mortality