Animals ; Cadmium ; toxicity ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System ; blood ; Female ; Ovary ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Phosphoproteins ; blood ; Progesterone ; biosynthesis ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

Objective To investigate the evolution of diffusion indices in the pyramidal tract with Wallerian degeneration(WD)due to cerebral infarction using diffusion tensor imaging(DTI),and to study the relationship between early changes of diffusion indices and motor deficit.Methods Fifteen patients (13 males and 2 females)with acute cerebral infarction(within 7 days)were recruited from the Neurology Department from Mar 2006 to Jan 2007.A11 patients were assessed with DTI.National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS),Bathel Index(BI),modified Rankin Scale(mRS)and Motricity Index(MI)within 7 days from onset,and at the second week.DTI was performed with SIEMENS Trio 3.0 T MR scanner.The placement of region of interest(ROI),measurement of diffusion indices were performed by DTI Studio software.The mean diffusivity(MD),the fractional anisotropy(FA),the first eigenvalue (λ1),the second eigenvalue(λ2),and the third eigenvalue(λ3)were computed.Results At the second week.NIHSS was 6.93±3.39.BI 45.33±26.01,mRS 4.33±0.90.and MI 69.47± 60.71.At the second week from onset.MD of the pyramidal tract at the levels of the middle slice of pons and the superior slice of medulla oblongata showed no significant differences between both the two sides at second week from onset. Other ROI showed significant differences between both sides.MD.FA and λ1 of affected side were lower than the unaffected side.λ2 and λ3 of the affected side were higher than the unaffected side.Positive correlations were found between FA and BI(r=0.530,P=0.042),FA and MI(r=0.543,P=0.036)at the second week.Negative correlations were found between FA and NIHSS(r=-0.613,P=0.015)at the second week.Conclusions DTI can detect the changes in the pyramidal tract due to WD within 7-14 days after ischemic stroke.including a decrease of the fractional anisotropy.the first eigenvalue and increased the second and the third eigenvalues.The fractional anisotropy of the second week from onset is related to the outcome of the motor function.

OBJECTIVE:To study the preparation technology of Chinese traditional medicine Seborrhea liniment.METHODS:The preparation technology of Seborrhea liniment was optimized by orthogonal experiment design L9(34)using 60% alcohol as solvent with the content of Berberine hydrochloride as index for evaluation and with the extraction method,extraction time,amount of solvent and number of extraction times as factors.RESULTS:The optimum preparation technical conditions were as follows:by impregnating method,the extraction time was 48 h using 1 500 mL alcohol and the extraction frequency was 2 times.CONCLUSION:The preparation technology of Chinese traditional medicine Seborrhea liniment is stable and feasible,and it serves as a theoretical basis for the industrial production.

OBJECTIVE: To extract sperm DNA from mixed stain by the modified differential lysis method combined with silicon bead method and to evaluate its application value. METHODS: Fifty-two mixed stains containing female STR genotypes detected by differential lysis method were collected. The sperm DNA was extracted by the modified method combined with silicon bead method, then genotyped with the Identifiler Kit, and compared with the results of genotyping by the conventional differential lysis method as control. RESULTS: Of the 52 samples, 38 samples with sole male STR genotypes in all loci were detected. The detection rate of male STR genotypes was 98.08% through the modified method combined with silicon bead method. CONCLUSION The modified differential lysis method combined with silicon bead method can be used in extraction of sperm DNA from mixed stain.
DNA/isolation & purification* ; DNA Fingerprinting ; Female ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Silicon ; Spermatozoa

To prepare ginseng saponin Compound K with ultrasound-assisted total zymolytic ginseng saponins. The conversion rate was taken as the index to detect the pre-treatment factors such as ultrasonic power and ultrasonic time, as well as the impact of enzymatic factors, such as pH value, temperature, concentration of substrate, dosage of enzyme and reaction time, on the conversion rate. The response surface method was used to optimize the preparation conditions. The enzymolytic products were identified with MS, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR. The results showed that the optimum conditions of the ultrasound-assisted enzymolysis were 250 W for ultrasonic power, 15 min for ultrasonic time, 5.5 for enzymolytic pH, 50 degrees C for enzymolytic temperature, 36 h for enzymolytic time, 4:5 for enzymolytic dosage: substrate and 1.0 g x L(-1) for concentration of substrate. The relative molecular mass of reaction products was 622.4. Therefore, the nuclear magnetic map verified that the reaction product was rare ginseng saponin Compound K. Under the above conditions, based on the total zymolytic ginseng saponins, the conversion rate of rare ginseng saponin Compound K was 6.91% in proportion to the total of ginsenosides. The process features gentle reaction conditions, high conversion rate and simple and reliable process, which is suitable for industrial production.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Enzymes ; chemistry ; Panax ; chemistry ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Saponins ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Ultrasonics ; methods

With low molecular weight chitosan and poloxamer 188 as the joint carriers, ginsenoside Rg3 solid dispersions were prepared by using the solvent evaporation method for an in vitro dissolution test. Subsequently, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (X-RD) were adopted for a phase analysis. The results showed that the 60 min in vitro cumulative dissolution rate of ginsenoside Rg3 solid dispersions prepared with low molecular weight chitosan and poloxamer 188 at the ratio of 2:1 exceeded 90%, and the drug was dispersed in carriers in an amorphous state. Therefore, ginsenoside Rg3 solid dispersions prepared with low molecular weight chitosan and poloxamer 188 could help significantly improve the drug dissolution, with a practical application value.
Chitosan ; chemistry ; Drug Compounding ; methods ; Ginsenosides ; chemistry ; Molecular Weight ; Poloxamer ; chemistry ; Solvents ; chemistry

To prepare salvianolic acid phospholipid compound. With the compound of salvianolic acids and soybean phospholipid as the index, mono-factor experiment and orthogonal design experiment were conducted to screen its technical parameters. According to the results, the optimal preparation conditions of salvianolic acid phospholipid compound were that THF were taken as the reaction solvent, the concentration time was 3 h, the reactant concentration was 5 g x L(-1), the mass ratio of salvianolic acids and phospholipid was 1: 1.5, and the reaction temperature was 40 degrees C. The oil/water partition coefficient of the prepared salvianolic acid phospholipid compound significant increased in water and buffers with different pH values. The results of phase analysis such as DSC, XRD and FTIR indicated that salvianolic acids existed in phospholipid in an amorphous state.
Alkenes ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Intestinal Absorption ; Phospholipids ; chemistry ; Polyphenols ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Soybeans ; chemistry ; Temperature

Objective To summarize the preliminary experience of endovascular stent-graft exclusion for aortic dissections. Methods From October 2003 to February 2007,121 patients[86 males,37 females,mean age(53.7?13.8)years,range 29～ 72 years]underwent endovascular stent-graft exclusion for aortic dissections,including Stanford B in 114 patients,Stanford A in 4, and traumatic aortic mptore in 3.An emergency operation was performed in 4 patients for acute aortic rapture.Results No primary conversion was needed.There was no postoperative death,no spinal cord iscbemic injury,or stent displacement or subclavian steal syndrome.Postoperative hospital stay time was(4.0?1.3)days.Complications included fever in 35 patients,type Ⅳ endoleak in 11,type Ⅰ endoleak in 1 and acute renal dysfunction in 1.Contusion Endovascular thoracic aorta repair is an effective,less inva- sire and safe surgery for patients with Stanford B or some Stanford A aortic dissection and traumatic aortic rupture.

The protoplasts of original Aspergillus niger strain Uco-3 were treated with the cooperation of UV and ?-ray to obtain the high-yielding strain producing the thermostable ?-galactosidase. Under the optimum conditions of formation and regeneration protoplasts were prepared. According to the interaction of positive mutation rate and radiation dose,the optimum condition was determined. The optimum dose of UV was 4 minutes and the optimum dose of ?-ray was 500 Gy. After mutagenetic treatment of protoplasts and selection from a lot of mutants,a mutant DL116 producing the thermostable ?-galactosidase was obtained. The ?-galactosidase activity of DL116 was increased from 16.27 U/mL to 44.37 U/mL,which was higher than that of strain Uco-3.

Objective: To summarize the influence patterns of related time factors on acupuncture effectiveness in different disease model rats/mice, and to provide reference for acupuncture clinical practice. Methods: Retrieved the relevant literatures on time-effect experimental studies of acupuncture in rats/mice in the recent 10 years. The correlations between the key time factors (such as different intervention timings of acupuncture, acupuncture moments, operation durations, needle-retaining times, intervals and treatment courses) and the acupuncture effect were analyzed and summarized. Results: From the mainstream perspective of quantification, the earlier the acupuncture intervention, the better. The proper time to implement acupuncture varied depending on disease models and points. The best operation time varied widely between different diseases. The most frequently needle-retaining time was 20-30 min. The frequency of acupuncture was usually 1 time/day; the length of the treatment course was determined according to practitioners' experience. Conclusion: Throughout the time-effect studies of acupuncture intervention in experimental rats/mice, conclusions are inconsistent, especially the lack of quantitative research on acupuncture operation time, acupuncture frequency, acupuncture treatment duration, and optimal stimulation amount. Future research should explore and determine the best time-quantity parameters that affect the effectiveness of acupuncture intervention, which is the key and goal of the acupuncture time-effect research. Independent intervention-time experiments throughout the entire course of a single disease (dominant disease) need to be done to guide clinical and disciplinary development.