The pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis(AR)is extremely complex.In recent years,a variety of allergens and other complexes have been developed to induce a series of signal transduction mechanisms by activating mast cells.Intracellular media release(mast cells,MCs)play an important role in the pathogenesis of AR.In this paper,we reviewed the progress of mast cells in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis in recent years in order to further understand its role in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis and provide new ideas on the therapeutic target for allergic rhinitis.
Allergens ; Cell Count ; Humans ; Mast Cells ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; immunology ; Signal Transduction

Objective To evaluate the effects of hydroxyapatite (HA) extensively-coated prosthesis on elderly patients undergoing hip arthroplasty.Methods From February 1997 to May 1999,96 patients Were treated with hydroxyapatite (HA) coated prosthesis and followed up for their hip arthroplasty.Their results were studied clinically and roentgengraphically to evaluate chiefly their Harris scores,complications and thigh pain.The survival of prosthesis was evaluated according to Kaplan-Meier methods.Results The 60 cases were followed up for eight years on average(range,sevon to nine years).Their mean Harris scores were improved from 42 preoperatively to 90 postoperatively.Fifty-eihgt cases felt no pain at their hip,but two did at their thigh.No radiolucent lines were observed.All the prostheses achieved bony stabilization and remolding.Conclusions HA coated prosthesis can achieve fine fixation,because it helps bone conduction,resists axial force and torsion,and reduces operative risks.

Objective To investigate the anxiety status of male partner involved in induced abortion and to analyze influencing factors related.Methods Male partners of the patients undergoing induced abortion in the gynecology and obstetrics department of a hospital in Kunming in April and May in 2015 were selected and a questionnaire survey was conducted.Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) was used to measure the anxiety status and SPSS 17.0 was used for statistical analysis.Results A total of 53 out of 205 male partners were found to have anxiety symptoms (25.9％),with 44 cases of mild anxiety (21.5％),8 cases of moderate anxiety (3.9％) and 1 case of severe anxiety (0.5％).The main related risk factor was times of pregnancy (OR=3.35) while the protective factors were level of education (OR =0.60),times of induced abortion (OR =0.20) and age (OR =0.32) Conclusion When abortion occurs,the male partner's anxiety appears,mainly with mild and moderate one,and female's emotion are also affected.It is important to strengthen health education and popularize contraceptive knowledge so as to reduce the incidence of anxiety.

Objective To explore the extent of axillary lymph node dissection in breast cancer patients with positive sentinel lymph nodes.Methods In this series,95 patients underwent complete axillary lymph node dissection (CALND) following positive sentinel lymph nodes identified and 97 patients underwent partial axillary lymph node dissection (PALND) at the absence of positive sentinel lymph nodes.The influence of different extent of axillary lymph node dissection was evaluated.Results The positive rate of level(Ⅰ + Ⅱ) non-sentinel lymph nodes (NSLN) and level Ⅲ lymph nodes was 68.4％ and 29.5％,respectively,in CALND group.In PALND situation,57.9％ CALND cases would have changed pathologic stage from pN1 to pN2 or pN3.But with level Ⅲ lymph node dissection followed PALND,only 2.1％ cases had changed pathologic stage from pN2 to pN3.Multivariate logistic regression showed that the number of positive SLNs (OR =2.157) and positive rate of SLNs (OR =10.374) were risk factors for having positive level Ⅲ lymph nodes.CALND needed longer operation time and larger postoperative drainage volume.Conclusions In cases of breast cancer with ≥ 3 positive sentinel lymph nodes,complete axillary lymph node dissection should be considered.

0.05) in incidence rate for bone marrow suppression,gastrointestinal reaction,hepatic damage and mucosa damage and infection between different therapic courses.Central nervous system leukemia(CNSL) occured in one high risk case followed up at 12 month after complete remission(CR);the incidence rate was 12.5%.Conclusions HD-MTX is practicable in basic-level hospitals,as long as there are perfect preparation,fitness hydration and alkalization and leucovorin rescue being used in time.

The expression of specific genes in sex chromosomes is the basis of sex-specific membrane protein in mammalian spermatozoa. The gene expression products are shared among spermatozoa through intercellular bridges, however, the phenomena of male transmission-ratio distortion and sex ratio distortion proved that differential proteins exist between X and Y spermatozoa. In addition, the existence of sex-specific proteins was confirmed by the separation experiment of X/Y chromosome bearing spermatozoa and the detection result of sex specific proteins. At the same time, it was also confirmed that the difference of the sex-specific protein is weak . The advance of separation techniques as well as the integration and optimization among these techniques has made it possible to separate sex-specific membrane proteins in mammalian spermatozoa.

In this study, cardiotonic and cardiotoxic effects of Buthus martensi Karsch (BmK) I, a modulator of voltage-gated sodium channels, were investigated on the isolated rat hearts. The results showed that BmK I evoked complex effects characterized by a change in both cardiac mechanical and electrical activity. Langendorff perfusion showed that: (1) maximal left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP(max)) and dp/dt(max) were markedly increased by BmK I (0.5-10 micromol/L) in a dose-dependent manner (n=6, P<0.05), positive chronotropic effects were also induced by BmK I (n=6, P<0.05); (2) negative inotropic action and bradycardia could be elicited at a larger dose of BmK I (20 micromol/L); (3) the coronary flow varied inversely with the positive inotropic effects, coronary flow reduced during positive inotropic effects from 14.5 to 8.6 ml/min after administration of 500 nmol/L BmK I (n=6, P<0.05). In addition, tachycardia and complex cardiac arrhythmias were induced by BmK I (0.5-10 micromol/L). The modulating of BmK I on the heart mechanical, electrical activity could be partially recovered after washing. As propranolol was applied to block the release of catecholamines before administration of BmK I, suggesting that the changes in cardiac mechanical and electrical activity induced by BmK I might not due to catecholamine release from the nerve terminal and subsequent stimulation of the beta-adrenoceptor but attributable to the modulation of BmK I on cardiac voltage-gated sodium channels.
Action Potentials ; drug effects ; Animals ; Electrophysiology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Insect Proteins ; Male ; Myocardial Contraction ; drug effects ; NAV1.5 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel ; Neurotoxins ; pharmacology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Scorpion Venoms ; pharmacology ; Sodium Channel Blockers ; pharmacology ; Sodium Channels ; drug effects

Air ; analysis ; Chromatography, Gas ; methods ; Ethylene Oxide ; analysis ; Furans ; analysis ; Methylene Chloride ; analysis ; Workplace

Objective To evaluate laparoscopic appendectomy(LA) and open appendectomy(OA)in obese patients.Methods From January 2008 to November 2010,153 obese patients with appendicitis were operated on,92 cases were treated with initial LA and 61 cases with upfront OA.The operative time,intraoperative bleeding volume,intestinal recovery period,the rate of using acesodyne,major postoperative complications,the duration and hospital cost were studied.Results In LA group,4 cases were converted to open surgery.All the variables in LA group were better than those in OA group except the hospital cost and the differences were statistically significant (the operative time:t =14.0,P ＜ 0.001 ;intraoperative bleeding volume:t =19.7,P ＜ 0.00 1 ;intestinal recovery period:t =12.3,P ＜ 0.001 ;the rate of using acesodyne:t =21.01,P ＜ 0.001 ;main postoperative complications:x2 =40.138,P ＜ 0.001 ;the hospital stay:t=17.3,P＜0.001) except the in-hospital cost(t=1.434,P＞0.05).Conclusions Compared with OA,LA is a better choice for obese patients with appendicitis because of its advantages of minimal injury,early recovery,less complications and short hospital stay.

OBJECTIVETo explore the methods and therapeutic effects of trans-fibular anterior-lateral approach combined with external fixation in the treatment of Gustilo III distal tibiofibula fractures.

METHODSFrom 2007 to 2010,9 patients including 7 males and 2 females with the mean age of 40 years(ranging from 29 to 51 years). All patients received internal fixation of fibula after debridement on the first phase, external fixator were used to fix tibia across ankle joint, and removed after successful skin graft; The second phase tibia was used to fix through the lateral incision used in phase I. Early functional exercise was encouraged ,the union condition and functional results of the ankle joint was evealuated. The criteria of the AOFAS Foot and Ankle Surgery was used to evaluate the effects.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up,and the duration ranged for 8 to 37 months(averaged 21 months). Nine patients were achieved bony union, the average healing time was 24 weeks. No plate rupture or screw loosening was found. According to the AOFAS Foot and Ankle Surgery evaluation system, 3 cases got excellent results, 4 good cases and 2 fair.

CONCLUSIONTrans-fibular anterior-lateral approach combined with external fixation for Gustilo III distal tibiofibula fractures can receive satisfactory reset, debond ankle joint eralier and imporove the clinical effects.

Adult ; Female ; Fibula ; Fracture Fixation ; methods ; Fractures, Bone ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radiography ; Tibia ; Treatment Outcome