Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Humans ; Metals, Heavy ; analysis ; pharmacology ; Placenta ; chemistry ; drug effects ; physiology ; Pregnancy ; Rats

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of α2 adrenergic agonists for the prevention of postoperative adverse cardiac events in patients with coronary disease.Methods MEDLINE,EMBASE,CINHAL,Web of Science,CBM and CNKI were searched to identify all randomized controlled trials on the efficacy of α2 adrenergic agonists for the prevention of postoperative cardiac complications following operation performed under general anesthesia in patients with coronary artery disease.The incidence of myocardial ischemia,myocardial infarction,bradycardia and hypotension were evaluated.Meta-analysis was conducted using the RevMan 5.1 software.Results Fifteen trials included 9 high-quality trials,4 medium-quality trials and 2 low-quality trials.A total of 3422 patients were included in this meta-analysis.1790 patients received α2 adrenergic agonists (clonidine and dexmedetomidine) and 1632 patients received placebo; 724 patients underwent non-cardiac surgery and 2698 patients underwent cardiac surgery.Meta-analysis indicated that α2 adrenergic agonists reduced incidence of myocardial infarction following non-cardiac surgery and myocardial ischemia following non-cardiac surgery and cardiac surgery.Alpha-2 adrenergic agonists significantly increased the incidence of postoperative bradycardia.Conclusion Alpha-2 adrenergic agonists can decrease postoperative cardiac adverse events in patients with coronary disease,but can induce bradycardia,and the efficacy of clonidine is consistent with that of dexmedetomidine.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of different doses of glucocorticoid for prevention of postoperative complications in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).Methods We searched PubMed,EMBASE,Highwire,CENTREN and its affiliated clinical trial registration data center,Chinese Biomedical Database,and CNKI from 2000 to 2010 for randomized controlled trials involving the efficacy of different doses of glucocorticoid for prevention of postoperative complications in patients undergoing CABG.The quality of the studies was evaluated by the method recommended by Cochrane Collaboration.Evaluation indexes included development of fibrillation,requirement for insulin treatment because of hyperglycosemia,infection,and death (during stay in hospital or within 30 days after discharge from hospital) after operation and mechanical ventilation time.Meta-analysis was conducted using the RevMan 5.1 software.Results Twenty-one randomized controlled trials involving 1737 patients were included in our meta-analysis.Different doses of glucocorticoid decreased the risk of fibrillation,and did not increase the risk of various causes-induced infection and death.Moderate and large doses of glucocorticoid increased the risk of requirement for insulin treatment because of hyperglucosemia.Large dose of glucocorticoid resulted in prolongation of ventilation time.Conclusion Different doses of glucocorticoid can decrease the development of postoperative fibrillation without increasing the risk of infection and death,moderate and large doses of glucocorticoid increase the risk of requirement for insulin treatment because of hyperglucosemia and large dose of glucocorticoid increases the risk of prolonged ventilation time in patients undergoing CABG.

Retinal pigment epithelium ( RPE ) is a vital tissue for the maintenance of photoreceptor function and environment of outer retina, also the predominant cell type of proliferative vitreoretinopathy ( PVR ) . lt is also affected by many diseases of the retina and choroid, including diabetic retinopathy ( DR) , age-related macular degeneration ( AMD ) and retinal pigmentosa ( RP ) . Although of neural origin, the RPE is capable of local repair, and cells may migrate and take on altered characteristics. These findings indicate that RPE-based therapy is a promising option for congenital or degenerate disease of the retina.

Recently,more and more attention have been focused on the role of genetics in the pathogenesis of Parkinson disease.DJ1 gene is a newly discovered gene related to Parkinson disease.Here,the structure,tissue location and pathological properties of the DJ-1 Protein are reviewed.The DJ1 mutant protein and its association with early onset and sporadic Parkinson disease are also discussed in the review.

Objective To investigate the effects of acute hypervolemie hemodilution(AHH)combinedwith bypotension(CH)on hemodynamies and tissue perfusion and to evaluate the safety of the technique.MethodsForty-eight ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱ patients of both sexes(28 male,20 female)aged 41-63 yr weighing 47-85kg undergoingelective orthopedic operations were randomly divided into 4 group with 12 patients in each group:A control group;B CH group;C AHH group and D CH+AHH group.The patients were premedicated with oral diazepam 10 mgand intramuscular atropine 0.5 mg.Anesthesia was induced with midazolam 0.04 mg?kg~(-1),fentanyl 4?g?kg~(-1),propefol 1.5-2.0 mg?kg~(-1) and vecuronium 0.1 mg?kg~(-1) and maintained with inhalation of 1%-3 % isoflurane and50% N_2O in O_2 supplemented with intermittent i.v.boluses of vecaronium.The patients were mechanicallyventilated after tracheal intubation(V_T=8-10 ml?kg~(-1),RR 12 bpm).Radial artery and right internal jugular veinwere cannulated.The CVP catheter was inserted into right atrium and the blood obtained from right atrium was usedto replace mixed venous blood.ECG,MAP,HR,CVP,SpO_2 and urine output were continuously monitored duringoperation.Controlled hypotension was induced with sodium nitroprusside(NTP)at 0.1-2 ?g?kg~(-1)?min~(-1) andMAP was maintained at 70% of the baseline MAP during operation.NTP infusion was terminated 30 min beforethe end of surgery.AHH was induced with 6% HES 15 ml?kg~(-1) at 50 ml?min~(-1) after induction of anesthesia andbefore skin incision.Blood samples were taken from radial artery and right atrium before AHH(T_0,baseline),immediately after AHH or before CH(T_1),1h after AHH or 40 min after start of CH(T_2),at the end of surgeryor 30 rain after termination of NTG infusion(T_3)and 24h after surgery(T_4)for blood gas analysis and calculationof oxygen extraction ratio(ERO_2).Blood volume was maintained with infusion of colloid and lactated Ringer'ssolution.The amount of blood loss and blood transfusion were recorded.Hb was maintained above 70 g?L~(-1)Results CVP increassd significantly after AHH in group C and D as compared to baseline(P0.05).Conclusion AHH combined with CH can maintain stable hemodynamics,decrease blood loss andblood transfusion during operation and maintain the balance between oxygen delivery and oxygen consumption.

Objective To analyze the clinical and radiographic features of short stature combined with skeletal deformity in children,and to diagnose exactly and cure promptly in children.Methods One hundred and twenty children were collected,included 69 males and 51 females.All of the children were collected detail medical history including history of birth,feeding,growth and development and family history and taken both physical and X ray examination that bone age could be evaluate by Gruelich-Pyle method.The children were taken a laboratory examination including calcium,phosphours,alkaline phosphatase,chromosome karyotype,and so on.Results Among 120 children,there were 36 cases(30.0%) of achondroplasia,20 cases(17.0%)of Turner syndrome,10 cases(8.0%)of multiple epiphyseal dysplasia,1 case(0.8%)of spondyloepiphseal dysplasia congenital,7 cases(5.8%) of spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda,2 cases(1.6%) of osteogenesis imperfecta,1 case(0.8%) of cleidocranial dysplasia,5 cases(4.2%)of mucopolysaccharide Ⅳ,5 cases(4.2%) of pseudoachondroplasia,9 cases(7.5%)of hypophosphatemic ricket,24 cases(20%)of short limb dwarf.Among 120 cases,27 were regularity dwarfism(22.5%),93 cases were irregularity dwarfism(77.5%);Among 93 cases of irregularity dwarfism,80 cases were short limb dwarfism including 36 cases of short upper limb(short upper arm 35 cases,shortforearm 1 case),20 cases of short lower limb,24 cases of proportional short stature,13 cases of short trunk.X ray bone age lag 46 cases,ahead of schedule 15 cases(12.5%),normal 59 cases.Conclusions The main causes of short stature combined with skeletal deformity are genetic bone disease.To analyze the feature of clinical and radiographic is a valuble instrument for the children diagnosis of short stature combined with skeletal deformity.Part of them skeletal age were lagged.

Adenocarcinoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous ; metabolism ; pathology ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Carcinoma, Signet Ring Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; Erythropoietin ; metabolism ; Humans ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit ; metabolism ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Microvessels ; chemistry ; pathology ; Middle Aged ; Stomach ; chemistry ; pathology ; Stomach Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Tissue Array Analysis ; methods

AIM:ToinvestigatetheeffectofP21-activatedkinase1(PAK1)andlymphoidenhancer-binding factor 1(LEF1) on the proliferation of esophagus cancer cells .METHODS:Real-time PCR was applied to detect the mR-NA expression of PAK1 and LEF1 in the esophagus cancer tissues .MTT assay were used to measure the proliferation of hu-man esophagus cancer cell line KYSE transfected with PAK 1 and LEF1.RESULTS: The mRNA expression of PAK1 in the esophagus cancer tissues was lower than that in control group (P<0.05).The mRNA expression of LEF1 and tran-scription factor 4 (TCF4) in the esophagus cancer tissues was higher than that in control group (P<0.05).The prolifera-tion of KYSE cells with over-expression of PAK1 and LEF1 was higher than that in control group .No significant change of apoptosis between the KYSE cells with over-expression of PAK1 and LEF1 and control group was observed .CONCLU-SION:The expression of PAK1 decreases and the expression of LEF 1 increases in esophagus cancer tissues .LEF1 domi-nantly regulates the proliferation of esophagus cancer cells .

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Gastritis, Atrophic ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Gastroscopy ; methods ; standards ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Specimen Handling ; methods ; Tissue Embedding ; methods