Objective To investigate the protective effect of pinacidil on the intestinal mucosa of scalded rats and the mechanism. Methods A total of 24 healthy SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group, burn group, and pinacidil treated group. Rats in burn group and pinacidil treated group were inflicted with 30% TBSA Ⅲ degree burn and resuscitated intraperitoneally with Ringer's solution immediately after burn. Pinacidil was injected intraperitoneally into rats in pinacidil treated group at the dose of 2 mg/kg. Mitochondrial respiratory function intestinal mucosa and levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), maleic dialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in plasma were determined at 6 h after burn. Results Mitochondrial respiratory function control rate (RCR), ST3, and SOD levels in pinacidil treated group were evidently higher than those in the burn group. However, ST4, MDA, and ROS levels in pinacidil treated group were significantly lower than those in the burn group, but ST4 was not significantly different from that in the normal control. Conclusion Pinacidil can attenuate the damage of intestinal mucosa in scalded rats.

Acupuncture Points ; Adult ; Aged ; Anorexia ; therapy ; Child ; Constipation ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Inflammation ; therapy ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Pruritus ; therapy

Objective To explore the feature of electrical physiology and the key aspect of diagnosis in early stage of spinal muscular atrophy in infants.Method The back clinical data of the musle change of electrical physiology within 25 cases were analyzed.Results The children were ill in 1 year old,with the symptom that four limbs present symmetry and paralysing slowly,low limbs being more serious than upper limbs,the close and the distant of the four limbs.The levels of creatine kinase(CK) and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) in serum were normal and the case unconcentrated was not seen rarely.The show of electromyogram(EMG) was that three limbs presenting wide-range losing nerve electric potential in peace state,when straingently the deadline was long and the motor unit potential(MUP) was high,when strain highly the eletric potential was decreased;the speed of nerve conduction was common.Muscle inspection was typical nervine myatrophy.Conclusion The clinical feature,the changes of muscle electrical physiology and the muscle inspection are valuable for diagnosis so as to afford reliable evidence for further gene diagnosis.J Appl Clin Pediatr,2006,21(3):167

Idiosyncratic adverse drug reactions (IDR) induce severe medical complications or even death in patients. Alert structure in drugs can be metabolized as reactive metabolite (RM) in the bodies, which is one of the major factors to induce IDR. Structure modification and avoidance of alert structure in the drug candidates is an efficient method for reducing toxicity risks in drug design. This review briefly summarized the recent development of the methodologies for structure optimization strategy to reduce the toxicity risks of drug candidates. These methods include blocking metabolic site, altering metabolic pathway, reducing activity, bioisosterism, and prodrug.
Binding Sites ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System ; metabolism ; Drug Design ; Drug Discovery ; methods ; Drug Recalls ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Structure-Activity Relationship

Objective To investigate the status of anxiety-depression and the relevant factors in puerpera be- fore delivery.Methods The emotion of anxiety and depression in puerpera before delivery was evaluated by self-rat- ing anxiety scale(SAS)and self-rating depression scale(SDS)which had satisfactory validity and reliability.Results The values of anxiety and depression in puerpera were higher than those of general crowd(P

The content of benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) which as the enzymatic hydrolysis product of benzyl glucosinolate through thioglucosidase was determined by HPLC. The content of benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) which as the enzymatic hydrolysis product of benzyl glucosinolate through thioglucosidase was determined by HPLC. The chromatography condition was as follows: Kaseisorb LC ODS 2000 (4.6 mm x 150 mm, 5 min) column with the mobile phase of acetonitrile(A)-water( B) under gradient elution (0-5 min, 3%-8% A; 5-9 min, 8%-48% A; 9-23 min, 48%-62% A; 23-28 min, 62%-99% A); the flow rate was 1.0 mL x min(-1) with 10 microL injection volume; detection wavelength was 246 nm and temperature of column was 40 degrees C. The content of benzyl glucosinolate was in the range of 10.76-17.91 g x L(-1). The method is simple, accurate and good reproducibility which can be used for the determination of benzyl glucosinolate in Lepidium meyenii, effectively.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Glucosinolates ; analysis ; Lepidium ; chemistry ; Plant Extracts ; analysis

Maca as one of the star products in the international health care market in recent years, had a wide range of application value and promoted to all over the world. However, the basic research of Maca was not deep, lack of systematic and clear efficacy studies. Market products hype its aphrodisiac effect, which greatly impact more systematic in-depth research and exploration. Therefore, this paper briefly summarizes advance research in recent years including the status quo of the resources, growth cultivation, phytochemical, pharmacological effect and other aspects, which can provide reference for rational development and utilization of Maca.
Animals ; Biomedical Research ; Humans ; Lepidium ; chemistry ; classification ; growth & development ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; metabolism ; pharmacology

In the present study, a risperidone loaded microsphere/sucrose acetate isobutyrate (SAIB) in situ forming complex depot was designed to reduce the burst release of SAIB in situ forming depot and to continuously release risperidone for a long-term period without lagime. The model drug risperidone (Ris) was first encapsulated into microspheres and then the Ris-microspheres were embedded into SAIB depot to reduce the amount of dissolved drug in the depot. The effects of different types of microsphere matrix, including chitosan and poly(lactide-coglycolide) (PLGA), matrix/Ris ratios in microspheres and morphology of microspheres on the drug release behavior of complex depot were investigated. In comparison with the Ris-loaded SAIB depot (Ris-SAIB), the complex depot containing chitosan microspheres (in which chitosan/Ris = 1 : 1, w/w) (Ris-Cm-SAIB) decreased the burst release from 12.16% to 5.80%. However, increased drug release rate after 4 days was observed in Ris-Cm-SAIB, which was caused by the high penetration of the medium to Ris-Cm-SAIB due to the hydrophilie of chitosan. By encapsulation of risperidone in PLGA microspheres, most drugs can be prevented from dissolving in the depot and meanwhile the hydrophobic PLGA can reduce the media penetration effect on the depot. The complex depot containing PLGA microspheres (in which PLGA/ drug=4 : 2, w/w) (Ris-Pm-SAIB) showed a significant effectiveness on reducing the burst release both in vitro and in vivo whereby only 0.64% drug was released on the first day in vitro and a low AUC0-4d value [(105.2± 24.4) ng.mL-1.d] was detected over the first 4 days in vivo. In addition, drug release from Ris-Pm-SAIB can be modified by varying the morphology of microspheres. The porous PLGA microspheres could be prepared by adding medium chain triglyceride (MCT) in the organic phase which served as pore agents during the preparation of PLGA microspheres. The complex depot containing porous PLGA microspheres (which were prepared by co-encapsulation of 20% MCT) (Ris-PPm-SAIB) exhibited a slightly increased AUC0-4d of (194.6±15.8) ng.mL-1d and high plasma concentration levels from 4 to 78 days [Cs(4-78d)=(7.8±1.2) ng.mL-1]. The plasma concentration on 78 day C78d was (9.0 2.5) ng.mL-1 which was higher than that of Ris-Pm-SAIB [C78d= (1.6 ± 0.6) ng.mL-1]. In comparison with Ris-Pm-SAIB, the AUC4-78d of Ris-PPm-SAIB increased from (379.0±114.3) ng.mL-1.d to (465.0 ±149.2) ng.mL-1.d, indicating sufficient drug release from the Ris-PPm-SAIB. These results demonstrate that the risperidone loaded porous PLGA microsphere/SAIB in situ forming complex depot could not only efficiently reduce the burst release of SAIB depot both in vitro and in vivo, but also release the drug sufficiently in vivo, and be capable to continuously release the drug for 78 days.
Chitosan ; Drug Carriers ; Lactic Acid ; Microspheres ; Polyglycolic Acid ; Risperidone ; chemistry ; Sucrose ; analogs & derivatives ; Technology, Pharmaceutical

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Endoscopy ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Paranasal Sinuses ; surgery ; Turbinates ; surgery ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: To develop the accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) for determining pesticides present in blood samples. METHODS: Pesticides were extracted by ASE with optimized parameters to study recovery rate affected by extraction temperature, time and agent. GC/MS was used to perform quantitative analysis. RESULTS: The recovery rates of eight pesticides were 70.6%-92.4%. The coefficient of variation was less than 5.0%. A good linear relationship was obtained at the concentration range of 0.5-5.0 microg/mL. CONCLUSION The method was fast and simple with high recovery rate and good repeatability. It can be applied to analyze pesticides present in the blood specimen.
Chromatography, Liquid ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Pesticides/blood* ; Solvents ; Temperature ; Time Factors