Arsenic Poisoning ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Hypercalciuria ; complications

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) represent a form of cell death distinct from apoptosis or necrosis. The imbalance between the formation and degradation of NETs has long been considered to be closely associated with the activity of autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematous (SLE). Reactive oxygen species derived from the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase pathway or mitochondrial DNA pathway play a key role in the primary stage of NETs formation. The exposure or delayed degradation of abundant autoantigens, such as double-strand DNA, caused by abnormal activation of neutrophils can induce autoantibody to form immune complexes that deposit in local tissues and then induce the plasmacytoid dendritic cells to secrete the interferon alpha and other inflammatory factors. Those inflammatory factors will eventually cause endothelial cell injury. In order to provide a theoretical basis for targeted therapy and diagnosis of childhood-onset SLE, this paper reviews the role of NETs in the pathogenesis of SLE.
Extracellular Traps ; Humans ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ; etiology ; therapy ; Neutrophils ; physiology

Objective To compare the effects of biphasic square waveform (BSW) with low or high energy on external defibrillation.Method Adult swine model of closed chest ventricular fibrillation induced by electricity was established.Eighteen swine,weighing (30?3.3) kg were randomly divided into three groups:50-50-50 J group (n=6),30-50-75 J group (n=6),120-150-200 J (n=6).After three minutes of ventricular fibrillation without treatment,the pigs in the three groups were defibrillated accordance to the above sequences. Results 30 J BSW didn't succed to external defibrillate.The first defibrillation successful rate of 50 J and 120 J BSW was 5/6.The total defibrillation successful rate of every group was 100%.All pigs quickly had spontaneous circulation after defibrillation and survived more than 24 hours.ST-T change of low-energy was less than that of high-energy.After resuscitation,myocardial function decreased,but there had not significant differences between groups.Conclusions In the study,30J BSW could not reach successful defibrillation,and 50 J and 120 J BSW had similar defibrillation efficacy.The ideal energy of BSW external defibrillation was 50 J.

Traditional mineral Chinese medicine is a characteristic part of Chinese medicine, in the development of traditional Chinese medicine has its unique role. With the development of science and technology and the increase of the medical level, traditional mineral medicine research is gradually thorough and wide-ranging. In recent years, traditional mineral Chinese medicine research mainly includes the physical properties of mineral medicine, structure, chemical composition, pharmacology and treatment mechanism research. The above several aspects of research in the mineral medicine has important practical and theoretical significance. The above several aspects of research status and the problems existing in the research were briefly summarized and reviewed in this paper, and its development were discussed, to provide reference for further studies in the future.
Animals ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Minerals ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; toxicity ; Physical Phenomena

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation (TENS) and physical therapy on shoulder pain after stroke. Methods60 patients of shoulder pain after stroke were randomly divided into treatment group (30 cases) and control group(30 cases). The patients in the treatment group were treated with TENS and physical therapy. The cases in the control group were treated with TENS only. All patients were evaluated with visual analogous score of pain (VAS) and Fugl-Meyer measure (FM) before and after treatment. ResultsThe scores of VAS and FM improved more significantly in treatment group than in control group(P<0.01).ConclusionTranscutaneous electric nerve stimulation combined with physical therapy showed more effective on shoulder pain after stroke.

Background Research demonstrated that mitochondrial pathway plays a key role in cell apoptosis.Purendan supermicropowder(PRD),a traditional Chinese medicine,may be a potentially effective therapy for neuron apoptosis in diabetic retina.Objective This study was carried out to investigate the effects of PRD on aldose reductase(AR)activity,neuron apoptosis and mitochondrial pathway in retina of diabetic rat.Methods Thirty-six clean male Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control group,diabetes model group,PRD treatment group randomly and 12 rats for each group.The diabetes models were established by intraperitoneal injection of 25 mg/(kg · d)streptozotocin(STZ)for 3 consecutive days,and blood glucose ≥ 16.7 mmol/L was taken as the standard.PRD solution of 1.8 g/(kg · d)was lavaged in 12 models for 3 months.The eyeballs were enucleated for the preparation of retinal tissue homogenate and slice.AR activity in the retina was detected by ultraviolet spectrophotometry,and neuron apoptosis in retina was assayed by TUNEL staining.Western blot was used to assess the expressions of bcl-2,bax,cyt-c and caspase-3 protein in the retina.The use of animals followed the Regulations for the Administration of Affair Concerning Experimental Animals by State Science and Technology Committee(Version 1988).Results Statistically significant differences were found in AR activity and AI among the normal control group,diabetic group and PRD groups(F=90.115,165.540,P＜0.01),and those of diabetic group were evidently higher than the normal control group and PRD group(P＜0.01,P＜0.01).The positive TUNEL cells mainly located in inner nuclear layer and retinal ganglion cell layer.The expressions of bax,cyt-c,caspase-3,bcl-2 and bcl-2/bax in retina were obviously different among these three groups(F =51.332,41.262,25.888,38.564,47.870,P＜0.01),and the expression of bax,cyt-c and caspase-3 protein in diabetic group evidently elevated in comparison with the normal control group and PRD group(t ＝ 10.32,11.04,6.91,P ＜ 0.01)and the expressions of bcl-2 protein and bcl-2/bax value were significantly lower in diabetic rats than in the normal control rats(t =18.05,12.23,P＜0.01).AR activity by AI of retina,the expressions of bax,cyt-c and caspase-3 proteins in retina were obviously lower in PRD group than in diabetes model rats(P ＜ 0.01),and the expression of bcl-2 protein and bcl-2/bax value were significantly higher in PRD group than in diabetes group(P＜0.01).Conclusions PRD can protect retina against the damage caused by high glucose by suppressing AR activity by downregulating the expressions of bax,cyt-c,caspase-3 proteins,increasing the expressions of bcl-2 protein in retina of diabetic rats and further inhibiting the mitochondrial pathway and reducing cell apoptosis in retina of diabetic rats.

Objective To investigate plasma levels of total carnitine (TC) and free camitine (FC) in patients undergoing hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.Methods 200 cases of normal group came from physical examination in this hospital,all testing cases were the in-hospital patients in the department of nephropathy.TC and FC were determined by use of an enzymatic cycle assay on Hitachi 7170 automatic biochemical analyzer.Results In 200 cases of normal group,TC level was (56.52?9.61) ?mol/L,and FC was (46.60?8.23) ?mol/L.In 37 hemodialysis patients,TC and FC levels were (41.47?13.22) ?mol/L and (24.58?8.91)?mol/L before dialysis,a statistic difference was observed against the control group (P0.05).Conclusions Carnitine deficiency was seen in most patients undergoing hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.Furthermore,the deficiency status got worse along with the dialysis course in hemodialysis patients.Carnitine infusion can effectively improve the status of these patients.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; methods ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Thrombasthenia ; classification ; diagnosis