The technique introduced in this paper is applied in the endocardial catheter operation, which describes the 3D heart model reconstruction before the operation for the endocardial navigation. After a series of CT images of the thorax are processed, an accurate 3D endocardial model can be reconstructed. At first, the series of 2D CT images are preprocessed for denoising and the enhancement,then they are constructed as the volume data. After the region growing segmentation in the 3D volume data according to the grey value of the voxel in the heart cavity, the heart surface rendering is got and the 3D model of endocardial cavity is reconstructed.
Cardiac Catheterization ; methods ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Models, Cardiovascular ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; methods

Based on the teaching fact and feature of pharmacy specialty. In this article, curriculum location of general microbiology about object, character, function, content design for the higher vocational colleges were disscused. The result would provide some gist to reform teaching methods for microbiology course.

OBJECTIVETo prepare a zinc porphyrinated polyimide nanofibrous membrane for rapid detection of trace amount of ammonia.

METHODSZinc porphyrin chromophore was copolymerized into polyimide backbones and the according nanofibrous membrane was prepared by electrospinning technique. Ammonia detection was achieved by recording the color and spectral changes of the membrane before and after exposing to the target gas. The sensitivity, selectivity and detection limit of prepared membrane were further studied.

RESULTSThe obtained nanofibrous membrane preserved typical photophysical properties of zinc porphyrin chromophores. When exposed to ammonia, a dual chromo and spectrum responses of the nanofibrous membrane were observed. The binding affinity constant and the detection limit of zinc porphyrinated polyimide nanofibrous membrane calculated from surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis and UV-vis were 3.33 X10³ L/mol and 3.13 mg/m³, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe membrane prepared in this study exhibits good sensitivity, selectivity and reproducibility towards ammonia detection.

Ammonia ; analysis ; Imides ; Membranes, Artificial ; Metalloporphyrins ; Nanostructures ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Surface Plasmon Resonance ; methods

Objective To establish an easy culture method of successively getting high purity and yield of microglia. Methods Cortices of neonatal Wistar rats (1-3 days old) were employed in this experiment. The first-generation microglial cells were isolated from the mixed glial culture by mechanical means (gently shaking and blowing with pipette). After the mixed glial cells being passaged at a density third generations ofmicroglial cells were harvested. CD1 lb/c, CD45, CD80, CD86 and GFAP were employed as the identification markers in detecting the phenotypes and purity of different generation of microglial cells by scanning electron microscope and flow cytometry. Immunofluorescence staining and CCk8 vitality measurement were used to judge the expression of CD11b/c and detect the proliferation of microglia cells. Microglial phagocytotic function was evaluated by phagocytosis of fluorescent microspheres. Results High yield and purity of microglial cells were stably obtained in this experiment. CD11b/c, CD45, CD80 and CD86 positive expressions were noted in the first and third generations of microglial cells by flow cytometry; CD1 1b/c positive expression was noted in the first,second and third generations of microglial cells by immunofluorescence staining. No obvious differences in the 3 different generations of microglia cells were found on proliferation ability by CCk8 vitality measurement, and on morphology and phenotypes by scanning electron microscope; no obvious differences in the first and third generations of microglia cells were found on phagocytic ability (P＞0.05).Conclusion High yield and purity of microglial cells can successively obtain through the above method;no significant differences are noted among different generations of microglia cells on purity, morphology,phenotypes, proliferation activity and phagocytic ability.

Objective To explore the effect of chondroitin sulfate enzyme ABC (chABC) on glial scar in rat models of brain traumatic injury (TBI). Methods Thirty-eight Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, including normal control group (n=2), model group (rat models of TBI,n=9), 1.0 U/mL chABC treatment group (n=9), 2.5 U/ml chABC treatment group (n=9) and 5.0 U/ml chABC treatment group (n=9). After performing TBI by free falling in the later 4 groups, rats of the model group were given no treatment, while those of the other 3 groups were administrated with different concentrations of chABC by local injection respectively. One, 2 and 4 w after TBI, HE staining was performed on the brain tissues of these rat models;and immunohistochemical assay and Western blotting were employed to evaluate the secreting of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) and the therapeutic effect of chABC on glial scar. Data were statistically analyzed using t-test. Results Pathological test revealed the scars in the treatment groups were significantly fewer than those in the model group 2 w after TBI, with 5.0 U/mL chABC treatment group enjoying the fewest level (P<0.05). Immunohistochemical assay showed that the secreting of CSPGs in the treatment groups and model group was significantly increased than that in normal control group 2 w after TBI (P<0.05);the 5.0 U/ml chABC treatment group showed an obvious reduction of CSPGs secreting as compared with the model group (P<0.05). Western blotting indicated that the treatment groups showed an obvious reduction of CSPGs secreting as compared with the model group 1, 2 and 4 w after TBI (P<0.05);an obvious gradual reduction of CSPGs secreting in the model group, 2.5 and 5.0 U/ml chABC treatment groups was noted 1, 2 and 4 w after TBI (P<0.05). Conclusion ChABC could degrade the glial scar by degrading the CSPGs molecules and improve the microenvironment of local axonal regeneration after TBI;In this experiment, the highest concentration of chABC (5U/ml) shows the best effect on removing the glial scar.

Objective To investigate the influence of therapy combined with clopidogrel hydrogen sulphate,aspirin and alprostadil on coagulation function of patients after liver transplantation.Methods Summarize the clinical data and therapeutic measures of twice postoperatively bleeding in abdominal cavity for one case underwent liver transplantation in our hospital and administered with clopidogrel hydrogen sulphate and aspirin for 14 years in preoperative period,and alprostadil was added in peri-operative period.Results The operation was successful,and the lost blood was 200 ml.The abdominal drainage were bright red,the volume ＞ 100 ml/h,on postoperative 2 days.The exploratory celiotomy were performed at 36 hours after operation,1500 ml of blood clot were removed,and active bleeding point was not observed.The abdominal drain tube were removed,the normal diet and normal liver function were recovered,on postoperative 4,7 and 14 days,respectively.The clinical manifestation of acute hemorrhagic shock were recurred on postoperative 17 days,and the emergency diagnostic doppler ultrasound test were performed and revealed excessive effusion in abdominal cavity,and then the second opening were performed,and confirmed that a branch of gastro-duodenal artery were bleeding point,3 000 ml of blood clot removed,and one month after liver transplantation the patient recovered and discharged.Conclusions Combining clopidogrel hydrogen sulphate and aspirin for long-term anticoagulation can influence the coagulation function.Close observation after transplantation and knowing clearly patient' s condition on time can provide evidence for diagnosis.Effective treatment should be carried out for saving.Enhancing protective segregation and individual mental nursing can promote patients' recovery.

Objective Discuss the preventions of complications and nursing characters after split liver transplantation in children. Methods Retrospectively analyze the clinical materials of the two cases of child split liver transplantations operated by our center. Results Acute rejection and simple appendicitis happened in one patient. Both patients had some complications including pleural effusion, neuro-system and psycho-system complications, electrolyte disturbances and etc. No bile leakage and bleeding occurred. They took a favorable turn with treatments. Conclusions There were some differences between children and adults in categories of primary liver diseases, pathophysiologic characters, operation methods and complications of operations. In children, the operations were difficult and the complications were more. The postoperative managements were complicated. Emphasizing observation after operation, finding complication as soon as possible and early treatment could help living through perioperative period.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic efficacy of intravenous implanted bone marrowderived endothelial progenitor cells(BM-EPC)preconditioned with 17β-estradiol in ovariectomized mice model of acute myocardial infarction(AMI).Methods BM-EPC were cultured and identified from ovariectomized BAI-B/C mice tibia and femur.The ovariectomized BALB/C mice models of acute myocardial infarction(AMI)were established,and randomly divided into 17β-estradiol+BM-EPC group(n=6),BM-EPC group(n=6)and control group(n=6).Three days after AMI,BM-EPC pretreated with or without 17β-estradiol was infused via tail vein.The equal volume of saline was infused in control group.Twenty-five days after infusion,left ventricular(LV)function and dimensions,capillary density and ratio of fibrosis area to LV area were measured.Results LV function and dimensions,capillary density and LV fibrosis were significantly improved in 17β-estradiol+BM-EPC group than in control group[(LVDs:(3.09±0.05)mm vs.(3.27±0.10)mm,P<0.05;LVDd:(4.18 ±0.07)mm vs.(4.31±0.05)mm,P<0.05;FS:(33.0 ±3.8)%vs.(26.0 ±3.2)%,P<0.05;capillary density:(1428 ±214)/mm2 vs.(1070 ±168)/mm2,P<0.05;ratio of fibrosis:(38.8 ±4.9)%vs.(49.0±4.6)%,P<0.05].However,Above mentioned parameters were similar between BM-EPC group and control group(P>0.05).Condusions BM-EPC preconditioned with 17β-estradiol can enhance capillary density,decrease LV fibrosis and improve cardiac function in this mice model of AMI.

OBJECTIVETo compare and analyze the MRI features of different renal cell carcinoma (RCC) subtypes.

METHODSThe MR images of 81 surgically and pathologically confirmed renal cell carcinomas from 79 patients were reviewed retrospectively. The MR imaging features of lesions in plain scan, the degree and patterns of lesion enhancement (homogeneous, heterogeneous, peripheral), and tumor spreading patterns were analyzed. In order to evaluate the diagnostic validity of differentiating RCC subtypes using signal enhancement, receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) were generated. The cutoff value of post-contrast signal intensity to noise ratios (SNR) of the tumor parenchyma were also generated in order to differentiate clear cell RCC from other subtypes.

RESULTSOf the 81 lesions, 58 were clear cell carcinomas, 10 chromophobe cell carcinomas, 8 papillary cell carcinomas, and 5 unclassified RCC. All the chromophobe cell subtype tumors showed a homogeneous density (P < 0.05). The clear cell subtype tumors were likely heterogenous, and also showed heterogenous enhancement with mixed signal than other subtypes (P < 0.05). The cutoff value of SNR, which was used to differentiate clear cell subtype from the other subtypes, were 616 (corticomedullary phase), 579 (nephrographic phase) and 278 (excretory phase), retrospectively. The nephrographic phase is the most appropriate for differentiation, with a sensitivity of 62.1%, specificity of 91.3%, positive predictive value of 94.7%, negative predictive value of 48.8% and an accuracy value of 70.3%. No significant difference was found in tumor spreading patterns among all subtypes of RCC.

CONCLUSIONMR imaging features, particularly tumor heterogeneity and degree of enhancement are useful in differentiation of the renal cell carcinoma subtypes, and in choosing an individualized therapy.

Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Image Enhancement ; methods ; Kidney Neoplasms ; pathology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: Noninvasive prenatal detection of trisomy 21 (T21) has been achieved by measuring the ratio of two alleles of a single nucleotide polymorphism in circulating placenta specific 4 (PLAC4) mRNA in maternal plasma with a few assays in recent years. Our research is to explore the variations of PLAC4 mRNA expression level in maternal plasma with normal pregnancies in second trimester, which can provide pregnant women deeper insights with suitable detection period for the non-invasive prenatal detection of T21. METHODS: We measured a serial plasma PLAC4 mRNA concentrations weekly from the same 25 singleton normal pregnant women. We recruited maternal plasma samples from 45 singleton pregnant women, comprising of 25 euploid pregnancies (control group; range, 17 to 21 weeks) and 20 T21 pregnancies (T21 group; range, 19 to 24 weeks). With the application of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, we achieved an insight of PLAC4 mRNA expression levels in maternal plasma during second trimester with euploid pregnancies. RESULTS: Among the control group, the levels of PLAC4 mRNA expression in the gestation of 17 to 18 weeks were significantly less than those in the gestation of 18 to 21 weeks (P<0.05). The average PLAC4 mRNA concentration of the normal pregnant women was not higher than that of the T21 group (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: The PLAC4 mRNA showed a higher level of expression in the gestation of 18 to 21 weeks with an euploid pregnancy of pregnant women. We also found that there was no significant difference in plasma PLAC4 mRNA concentration between the normal and the T21 pregnancies in second trimester.
Alleles ; Down Syndrome* ; Female ; Humans ; Placenta ; Plasma* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, Second* ; Pregnant Women ; Reverse Transcription ; RNA, Messenger*