Objective: To investigate the influencing factors for myopia among primary and secondary school students in Suzhou, so as to provide basis for myopia prevention and control. Methods: The students in Grade 4-12 were recruited by stratified cluster random sampling method. Gender, grade, parents＇ myopia history, outdoor activity time and video display terminal time were collected through the questionnaire of National Surveillance Program of Influencing Factors for Common Diseases and Health in Students. Uncorrected visual acuity and cycloplegic refraction were tested. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to explore myopia-related factors. Results: A total of 990 questionnaires were distributed, and 882 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective rate of 89.09%. The prevalence rate of myopia was 78.23% ( 690 cases ). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that females ( OR=1.703, 95%CI: 1.173-2.474 ) , middle school students ( OR:5.597-11.949, 95%CI: 3.573-28.349 ) , both parents＇myopia ( OR=2.445, 95%CI: 1.597-3.742 ) , video display terminal time over 3 hours per day ( OR=2.026, 95%CI: 1.235-3.325 ) were risk factors for myopia; outdoor activity time over 2 hours per day ( OR: 0.493-0.510, 95%CI: 0.273-0.943 ) was a protective factor for myopia. Conclusion The prevalence of myopia among primary and secondary school students in Suzhou is 78.23%. Gender, grade, parents＇ myopia history, outdoor activity time and video display terminal time are influencing factors for myopia.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of hypertension among primary and middle school students living in Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, so as to provide insights into comprehensive hypertension control among children and adolescents. Methods: Primary and middle school students at ages of 7 to 17 years were recruited for a questionnaire survey in Suzhou City using the stratified cluster random sampling method from September to December, 2020, and the height and body weight were measured. Blood pressure was measured at three separate clinic visits according to the national criteria Reference of Screening for Elevated Blood Pressure among Children and Adolescents Aged 7-18 Years ( WS/T 610-2018 ), and the detection of elevated blood pressure was estimated at three separate visits. In addition, factors affecting elevated blood pressure were identified. Results: A total of 3 713 students were enrolled, including 1 924 boys ( 51.82% ) and 1 789 girls ( 48.18% ). The detection of elevated blood pressure was 13.63%, 5.36%, and 3.37% at three separate visits, respectively, and the prevalence of hypertension ( elevated blood pressure at all three visits ) was 3.37%. The detection rates of elevated blood pressure were all higher at three visits ( 16.90%, 8.40%, and 5.26% ) among students at ages of 12 to 17 years than among students at ages of 7 to 11 years ( 9.65%, 1.67%, and 1.07%, P<0.05 ). The detection of elevated blood pressure was significantly higher in boys ( 15.23% ) than in girls (11.91%) at the first visit ( P<0.05 ), while no significant differences were seen at the second or third visit ( P>0.05 ). In addition, higher detection rates of elevated blood pressure were seen in obese ( 27.62%, 11.51%, and 7.06% ) and overweight students ( 17.45%, 6.95%, and 4.85% ) than in students with normal weight ( 9.44%, 3.54%, and 2.15% ) at all three visits, and greater detection rates of elevated blood pressure were found in obese students than in overweight students at the first and second visits ( P<0.017 ). Conclusions The prevalence of hypertension was 3.37% based on three separate visits among primary and middle school students in Suzhou City. Measurement of blood pressure at three separate visits within different days is effective to reduce the false positive rate of hypertension and decrease misdiagnosis among children and adolescents.

OBJECTIVE: To develop a five fluorescence-labeled multiplex amplification system for 15 loci and study genetic polymorphism in Xinjiang Uygur population. METHODS: The STR loci were screened. The alleles were named according to the number of repeats by sequencing. The sensitivity, species specificity, identity and stability of the five fluorescence-labeled multiplex amplification system for the 15 loci were all tested. Then, the genetic polymorphism was analyzed in Xinjiang Uygur population and compared with other ethnic groups including Xizang Tibetan, Xiuyan Manchu, and Guangzhou Han population. RESULTS: The 15 loci multiplex amplification system was established. The sensitivity was 0.3 ng with good species specificity, identity and stability. The distributions of genotype for 13 STR loci in Uygur population were in accordance with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium with no genetic linkage between these loci. Most loci showed statistically significant among different populations. CONCLUSION The established system has application value in forensic evidence. The 13 STR loci in Uygur population have
Alleles ; Ethnicity/genetics* ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Linkage ; Genotype ; Humans ; Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods* ; Polymorphism, Genetic

OBJECTIVETo study the significance of plasma D-dimer and von Willebrand factor (vWF) and the therapeutic effect of compound glycyrrhizin in children with cytomegalovirus (CMV) hepatitis.

METHODSTwenty healthy children, 16 asymptomatic cases with CMV infection and 52 cases of CMV hepatitis (21 cholestatic and 31 non-cholestatic) were enrolled. The 52 children with CMV hepatitis were randomly administered with conventional treatment alone or conventional treatment plus compound glycyrrhizin treatment. Plasma D-dimer and vWF levels were measured before and after treatment.

RESULTSPlasma D-dimer and vWF levels in the CMV hepatitis group were markedly higher than those in the healthy control and asymptomatic CMV infection groups (P<0.01). The cholestatic hepatitis group had more increased plasma D-dimer and vWF levels compared with the non-cholestatic hepatitis group (P<0.01). Plasma D-dimer and vWF levels in the CMV hepatitis group were markedly reduced after conventional or compound glycyrrhizin treatment (P<0.01). Compound glycyrrhizin treatment decreased more significantly plasma D-dimer and vWF levels compared with the conventional treatment in children with CMV hepatitis (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONSThe detection of plasma D-dimer and vWF is useful in the early assessment of liver damage in children with CMV hepatitis. Compound glycyrrhizin can decrease obviously plasma D-dimer and vWF levels and might thus provide protective effects against liver damage.

Child, Preschool ; Cytomegalovirus Infections ; blood ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Female ; Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products ; analysis ; Glycyrrhizic Acid ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Hepatitis, Viral, Human ; blood ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Infant ; Liver Circulation ; Male ; von Willebrand Factor ; analysis

OBJECTIVETo observe the effects of beta3-adrenergic receptor(beta3-AR) antagonist on myocardial uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) expression and energy metabolism in chronic heart failure rats.

METHODSSeven weight-matched normal adult rats (control group), 18 isoproterenol (ISO) induced heat failure (HR) rats (ISO group) and 21 ISO induced heart failure rats but received specific beta3-AR inhibitor SR59230A (ISO+ SR59230A group) for 6 weeks were included in this research. At the end of the study, echocardiography was performed, the ratio of left ventricular weight and body weight (LVW/BW) was calculated. The expression of beta3-AR ad UCP2 mRNA in myocardium were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), the UCP2 protein in myocardium were detected by Western blot. The myocardial contents of creatine phosphate (PCr) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

RESULTSCompared with control group, the cardiac function was significantly reduced and myocardial beta3-AR mRNA significantly increased, UCP2 mRNA and protein were also significantly increased in ISO group, this change could be attenuated by the treatment with SR59230A, and the expression of myocardial UCP2 protein negatively correlated with the ratio of PCr/ATP.

CONCLUSIONIn the chronic stage of HF, the expression of UCP2 increases, which causes myocardial energy shortage, SR59230A improves myocardia energy efficiency and cardiac function by means of suppressing the expression of UCP2.

Adrenergic Antagonists ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Energy Metabolism ; Heart Failure ; metabolism ; Ion Channels ; metabolism ; Male ; Mitochondrial Proteins ; metabolism ; Myocardium ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-3 ; metabolism ; Uncoupling Protein 2

Objective To evaluate the commonly used consciousness scales according to longitudinal study on small-sample patients with minimally conscious state. Method Eleven patients with minimally consciousness, who were scanned using fMRI, were selected and scored by the commonly used consciousness scales in Wujing Hangzbeu Hospital. The 11 patients were classified into 2 groups according to the scores of CRS-R scale couple with the results of the fMRI study. The One-Way ANOVA method was used to analyze the inter-group difference of the commonly used consciousness scales and their subscales. Results Despite the communicative subscale of the CRS-R scales, other iterms lack of statistic significance in classification of the conscious state. Among the commonly used consciousness scales, the Wessex Head Injury Matrix (WHIM) scale presented the highest diagnostic value in consciousness state, whereas the Chinese Vegetative State Scale (CVSS) presented the lowest diagnostic value. Conclusions It indicated that the total scores of the consciousness scales and the scores of subscales of them presented poor diagnostic value in general, and big discrepancy of diagnostic value existed between the iterms of the scales by using objective tools.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the brain functional laterality in motor areas during motor execution systematically.

METHODSFunctional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was employed combined with right hand sequential finger movement task to investigate brain activation pattern and laterality in 8 right-handed subjects. 3dDeconvolve program of AFNI was used to estimate the hemodynamic response function and to generate activation maps. Then the laterality index (LI) was calculated and tested statistically.

RESULTAll motor areas including the areas which were previously considered to be engage in movement preparation only were activated in movement execution. In the activation map, it appeared left lateralization in cerebra and right lateralization in cerebella. After further statistical test, it was found that in primary motor area (M1), supplementary motor area (SMA) and posterior parietal cortex (PPC), there were left lateralization. While in premotor cortex (PMC), cingulate gyrus and basal ganglia (BG), the lateralization tendency was not obvious. The activation in cerebella is characterized with right lateralization.

CONCLUSIONThough there are tiny differences among subjects, most of the motor areas appear lateralized activation. Past studies only observed laterality in several motor areas. It may be due to the difficulty of the task or the experimental design.

Adult ; Brain ; physiology ; Female ; Functional Laterality ; physiology ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Motor Cortex ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the biodegradation of tetrachloroethylene (PCE) using methanol as electron donor by acclimated anaerobic sludge.

METHODSHP-6890 gas chromatograph (GC), together with HP-7694 autosampler, was used to analyze the concentration of PCE and intermediates.

RESULTSPCE could be decholrinated reductively to DCE via TCE, and probably further to VC and ethylene. The degradation of PCE and TCE conformed to first-order reaction kinetics. The reaction rate constants were 0.8991 d(-1) and 0.068 d(-1), respectively, and the corresponding half-life were 0.77 d and 10.19 d, respectively. TCE production rate constant was 0.1333 d(-1), showing that PCE was degraded more rapidly than TCE.

CONCLUSIONMethanol is an electron donor suitable for PCE degradation and the cometabolic electron donors are not limiting factors for PCE degradation.

Anaerobiosis ; Chromatography, Gas ; Kinetics ; Methanol ; metabolism ; Sewage ; microbiology ; Trichloroethylene ; metabolism

Objective: To explore body mass index (BMI) changes among children and adolescents in Suzhou before and after COVID-19 outbreak, and to provide a reference for improving physical health of children and adolescents. Methods: A total of 569 children and adolescents who had complete BMI information in 2019 were enrolled through stratified cluster sampling from June to July, 2020. Questionnaire survey was conducted, and height and weight were measured to calculate BMI and BMI Z scores. Results: After the epidemic, overweight/obesity rate were 32.0%, compared to 31.6% before the epidemic(χ 2=0.07, P>0.05). Difference of BMI Z scores before (0.37±1.28) and after (0.38±1.27) the epidemic did not show statistically significant (t=-0.28, P>0.05), No significant changes in BMI Z score were found before and affer COVID-19 outbreak similar results were observed (P>0.05), BMI Z scores after the epidemic (0.45±1.32) was higher than it before the epidemic (0.37±1.35) among primary school group (t=2.57, P=0.01), while BMI Z scores after the epidemic (0.27±1.17) was lower than it before the epidemic (0.39±1.18) among middle school group (t=-4.29, P<0.01). Proportion of sweet food consumption and outdoor activities was statistically different before and after the epidemic(P>0.05), proportion of sugar-sweetened beverages consumption and fried food intake were statistically different before and after the epidemic (P<0.05), sleep time after the epidemic (8.52±1.83)h was higher than it before the epidemic (8.05±1.70)h (t=4.96, P<0.05). Conclusion Before and after COVID-19 outbreak, BMI and overweight/obesity rates are significantly different among children and adolescents in Suzhou, and there is a slight difference in different studying phases.

Objective: To understand the trend of eye use behavior of students in Suzhou, and to provide basis for comprehensive prevention and control of myopia. Methods: Stratified cluster random sampling was used to recruit students from grades 4 to 12 in Suzhou from 2018 to 2021. The students general information, eye use behavior, outdoor activities and sleep status were collected through a standardized questionnaire to compare eye use behaviors of students among various groups. Results: The detection rates of students who watched TV or used computer more than 1 h/d decreased from 2018 to 2021( χ 2 trend =192.25, 95.39, P <0.05), and boys who spend more than 1 h/d on watching TV and using computer accounted for 26.4% and 19.2%, and girls accounted for 21.1 % and 12.8%, respectively in 2021. The proportion of students watching mobile electronic devices≥1 h/d decreased ( χ 2 trend =314.85, P <0.05), and the boys proportion was less than girls with 29.2% and 30.3% respectively, and each grade declined except for vocational high schools. The proportion of students with average reading and writing time after school above 2 h/d had decreased except for vocational school students. In 2021, the proportions of four school periods(primary school, middle school, high school and vocational school) were 22.1%, 47.7%, 65.1% and 11.6% respectively. The proportions of students with good eye habits such as reading with desk lamp and roof lamp, watching computer screen and TV with a safe distance, using eyes at close range for less than 1 h/d and taking a rest had increased ( χ 2 trend =34.19, 62.21, 47.25, 457.50, P ＜0.05), reaching up to 72.2%, 72.3%, 78.6 % and 67.8% respectively in 2021. The proportion of students spending more than 2 h/d on outdoor activities increased ( 27.1 % in 2018 and 30.7% in 2021, χ 2 trend =5.17, P ＜0.05), but only in primary school students, and the rates of boys were higher than girls . There was no improvement in sleep deprivation. The girls who were lack of sleep girls were more than boys, and the proportion of senior high school was higher than that of junior middle school and primary school. Conclusion The eye use behaviors of primary and middle school students have improved significantly from 2018 to 2021. However, the problems including insufficient sleep and less outdoor activities still exist. Health education in students aiming at eye use behavior improvement should be strengthened.