The immunoregulatory effect of TLSF_(JM) on the levels of IP3,Ca~(2+) in activated T cells andthe expression of Fos protein was investigated by ABC immunohistochemistry technique and Fu-ra-2/AM labelled T cells and anion-exchange chromatography techniques in this paper.The re-sults showed that TLSF_(JM) can the same time,it can strongly inhibit the levels of IP3、Ca~(2+) in ac-tivated T cells.

Objective To evaluate the performance of Cys C results among two detection system.Methods The particle-enhanced immunonephrometic assay was used in Dade Behring BNII. Immunoturbic assay was used in Hitachi 7170 to evaluate the JING' YUAN reagents.We compared the precison,linearity,interference,correlation,and calibrators agreement with Dade Behring BNII.Results The total CV of the samples that contain 0.6-5.0 mg/L was less than 10%.The Dade Behring and JING'YUAN method showed good linearity.Haemoglobin(10 g/L),Bilirubin(300 mg/L), Vitamin C(5 g/L)in the tested sample had no significant interference in the assay(interference 0.05) between JING' YUAN and Dade Behring reagents.Values were slightly lower than that from the Dade Behring BNII method,the mean bias was-0.16.The bias range was 1.1%-23% between JING'YUAN and Dade Behring for one sample.Conclusions The precision,linearity and interference test were suitable for routine Cys C measurement on automated biochemistry analyzer,but results has bias.

The difference between three representative components of total salvianolic acids in pharmacodynamic activity were compared by three different pharmacological experiments: HUVECs oxidative damage experiment, 4 items of blood coagulation in vitro experiment in rabbits and experimental myocardial ischemia in rats. And the effects of contribution rate of each component were calculated by multi index comprehensive evaluation method based on CRITIC weights. The contribution rates of salvianolic acid B, rosmarinic acid and Danshensu were 28.85%, 30.11%, 41.04%. Apparent oil/water partition coefficient of each representative components of total salvianolic acids in n-octyl alcohol-buffer was tested and the total salvianolic acid components were characterized based on a combination of the approach of self-defined weighting coefficient with effects of contribution rate. Apparent oil/water partition coefficient of total salvianolic acids was 0.32, 1.06, 0.89, 0.98, 0.90, 0.13, 0.02, 0.20, 0.56 when in octanol-water/pH 1.2 dilute hydrochloric acid solution/ pH 2.0, 2.5, 5.0, 5.8, 6.8, 7.4, 7.8 phosphate buffer solution. It provides a certain reference for the characterization of components.
Animals ; Benzofurans ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Cinnamates ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Depsides ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Lactates ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Male ; Rabbits ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Solubility

Objective To investigate plasma levels of total carnitine (TC) and free camitine (FC) in patients undergoing hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.Methods 200 cases of normal group came from physical examination in this hospital,all testing cases were the in-hospital patients in the department of nephropathy.TC and FC were determined by use of an enzymatic cycle assay on Hitachi 7170 automatic biochemical analyzer.Results In 200 cases of normal group,TC level was (56.52?9.61) ?mol/L,and FC was (46.60?8.23) ?mol/L.In 37 hemodialysis patients,TC and FC levels were (41.47?13.22) ?mol/L and (24.58?8.91)?mol/L before dialysis,a statistic difference was observed against the control group (P0.05).Conclusions Carnitine deficiency was seen in most patients undergoing hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.Furthermore,the deficiency status got worse along with the dialysis course in hemodialysis patients.Carnitine infusion can effectively improve the status of these patients.

Objective To compare the coherence of serum creatinine,creatinine clearance(Ccr), Cystatin C,and estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR)in each stage of chronic kidney disease(CKD) patients.Methods Creatinine in serum and urine were determined by Jaffe method;serum Cystatin C was measured by particle enhanced turbidimetric method,while eGFR was calculated using the abbreviated Modification of Diet in Renal Disease(MDRD)equation which was mainly based on the serum creatinine concentration.According to the American national kidney foundation-Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative(NKF-K/DOQI)guideline,all cases were grouped by eGFR into 5 stages.Results In these 228 cases,as eGFR decreased gradually,the average levels of creatinine and Cystatin C increased,while Ccr decreased.The level of each items showed a statistic difference among each stage(P0.05);in eGFR 60-89 ml/min group,the average level of creatinine was 83.3 ?mol/L,the abnormal rate was only 6.8%,it was not a sensitive marker to detect the slightly damaged GFR,the levels of Ccr and Cystatin C showed a marginal decrease and increase,with an abnormal rates of 70% and 86%,there was a statistic difference among the three abnormal rates(P

This paper reviewed application of chitin and its derivatives in pharmaceutical industry of traditional Chinese medicine in recent years. Chitin and its derivatives could be used as a clarificant, retaining active substances, stabiliting preparation, reducing the heavy metals of traditional Chinese medicine extraction. Because of their churacteristics in biodegradation, biocompatibility and its tendency to film easily, chitin and its derivatives was ideal assistant materials in traditional Chinese medicine. Its application was largely enhanced after chitosan was modified. The problems and prospects of the application of chitin and its derivatives were also discussed.
Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic ; Chitin ; chemistry ; Chitosan ; chemistry ; Drug Carriers ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Pharmaceutical Preparations

OBJECTIVETo investigate the influence of butt joint connection and platform switching design of implant-abutment connection on the stress distribution in peri-implant bone.

METHODSThree-dimensional finite element models of implant-supported mandibular first molar with different implant-abutment connections were computed by COSMOSM 2.85. Traditional butt joint connection was used in model A and platform switching design in model B. Loading conditions were a vertical load of 200 N and inclined load of the same magnitude at 45 degrees to the vertical axis of the implant. Stress distribution in peri-implant bone and von Mises stresses at the same point of buccal and lingual implant-bone interfaces in two models were compared.

RESULTSStresses concentrated in peri-implant cortical bone at the neck of implants on the buccal and lingual sides; maximum von Mises stresses under inclined load were higher than those under vertical load. Maximum von Mises stress in bone was 11.61 MPa in model A and 7.15 MPa in model B under vertical load, and 22.07 MPa in model A and 11.87 MPa in model B under inclined load respectively. Von Mises stresses decreased as the distance from implant-abutment junction increased and the most obvious change occurred at the interface between cortical bone and spongy bone. Von Mises stresses at the same points of buccal and lingual implant-bone interfaces in model A were higher than those in model B.

CONCLUSIONSCompared with butt joint connection, platform switching design improved the stress distribution and decreased the maximum stresses in peri-implant bone around implant cervix.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of using a calibrator with values assigned with the reference method for improving the comparability of serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) measurements.Methods The IFCC reference method for GGT was established and the performance was verified by testing a certified reference material (CRM).A calibrator was prepared and its value for GGT was assigned with the reference method.Forty serum samples were measured on different (including HITACHI 7600,7060,7170,7180 and BECKMAN LX20,OLYMPUS AU 400) chemistry analyzers with Zhongsheng GGT reagent kits calibrated with the calibrator.The samples were also measured on the same analyzers using a theoretical factor.Biases of results obtained with the calibration and with the theoretical factor based calculation were compared.Results The reference method resuhs on the CRM agreed the certified value within the stated uncertainty.Serum results calculated from the theoretical factor showed various biases and inter-analyzer variations.When the analyzers were calibrated with the calibrator,the number of results with biases less than 10% became significantly higher and those with biases more than 20% significantly lower.The variation of the results on 5 serum samples was reduced from 11.0%～14.0% to less than 5% by using the calibrator.Conclusion Accuracy and comparability of GGT measurements with of ZhongSheng GGT kits can be improved by using a calibrator that has a value assigned with the reference method.

Watermelon is a popular fruit in the world with soluble solids content (SSC) being one of the major characteristics used for assessing its quality. This study was aimed at obtaining a method for nondestructive SSC detection of watermelons by means of visible/near infrared (Vis/NIR) diffuse transmittance technique. Vis/NIR transmittance spectra of intact watermelons were acquired using a low-cost commercially available spectrometer operating over the range 350~1000 nm. Spectra data were analyzed by two multivariate calibration techniques: partial least squares (PLS) and principal component regression (PCR) methods. Two experiments were designed for two varieties of watermelons [Qilin (QL), Zaochunhongyu (ZC)], which have different skin thickness range and shape dimensions. The influences of different data preprocessing and spectra treatments were also investigated. Performance of different models was assessed in terms of root mean square errors of calibration (RMSEC), root mean square errors of prediction (RMSEP) and correlation coefficient (r) between the predicted and measured parameter values. Results showed that spectra data preprocessing influenced the performance of the calibration models. The first derivative spectra showed the best results with high correlation coefficient of determination [r=0.918 (QL); r=0.954 (ZC)], low RMSEP [0.65 degrees Brix (QL); 0.58 degrees Brix (ZC)], low RMSEC [0.48 degrees Brix (QL); 0.34 degrees Brix (ZC)] and small difference between the RMSEP and the RMSEC by PLS method. The nondestructive Vis/NIR measurements provided good estimates of SSC index of watermelon, and the predicted values were highly correlated with destructively measured values for SSC. The models based on smoothing spectra (Savitzky-Golay filter smoothing method) did not enhance the performance of calibration models obviously. The results indicated the feasibility of Vis/NIR diffuse transmittance spectral analysis for predicting watermelon SSC in a nondestructive way.
Algorithms ; Citrullus ; chemistry ; Food Analysis ; methods ; Fruit ; chemistry ; Photometry ; methods ; Plant Extracts ; analysis ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Solubility ; Spectrophotometry, Infrared ; methods

Nondestructive method of measuring soluble solids content (SSC) of citrus fruits was developed using Fourier transform near infrared reflectance (FT-NIR) measurements collected through optics fiber. The models describing the relationship between SSC and the NIR spectra of citrus fruits were developed and evaluated. Different spectra correction algorithms (standard normal variate (SNV), multiplicative signal correction (MSC)) were used in this study. The relationship between laboratory SSC and FT-NIR spectra of citrus fruits was analyzed via principle component regression (PCR) and partial least squares (PLS) regression method. Models based on the different spectral ranges were compared in this research. The first derivative and second derivative were applied to all spectra to reduce the effects of sample size, light scattering, instrument noise, etc. Different baseline correction methods were applied to improve the spectral data quality. Among them the second derivative method after baseline correction produced best noise removing capability and yielded optimal calibration models. A total of 170 NIR spectra were acquired; 135 NIR spectra were used to develop the calibration model; the remaining spectra were used to validate the model. The developed PLS model describing the relationship between SSC and NIR reflectance spectra could predict SSC of 35 samples with correlation coefficient of 0.995 and RMSEP of 0.79 degrees Brix.
Biochemistry ; methods ; Calibration ; Citrus ; metabolism ; Least-Squares Analysis ; Light ; Models, Statistical ; Regression Analysis ; Reproducibility of Results ; Scattering, Radiation ; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared ; methods ; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared