Antigens ; immunology ; Child ; Female ; Food Hypersensitivity ; etiology ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Maternal Exposure ; Milk Hypersensitivity ; etiology ; Milk, Human ; immunology ; Pregnancy

To assess the effect of prostaglandin E_1(PGE_1)on renal blood flow and serum endothelin of liver recipients.Methods PGE_1 was administered in 38 liver recipients at the dose of 0.6?g?kg~(-1)?h~(-1)during liver transplantation and every day after operation.The effects of PGE_1 on serum endothelin concentration and creatinine(Cr)were observed and these indexes were compared with those in the control group(n=18).The renal blood flow resistance indexes(RI)were measured by Doppler ultrasound.Results Cr and RI were significantly lower in PGE1=treated group than those in the control group.PGE_1-treated group also showed a significantly lower serum endothelin concen- tration.Conclusion Administration of PGE_1 in liver recipients can significantly improve the early re- nal function by reducing serum endothelin concentration and dilating renal blood vessels.

Objective To study the variation of the pancreatic head arteries and its value in pan- creas transplantation.Methods The DSA data of 300 cases were studied retrospectively:192 cases of celiac trunk angiography,102 cases of superior mesenteric artery angiography,and 6 cases of the com- bined.The distribution and variation of the arteries on the pancreatic head were observed.Results In the celiac angiography cases,typical gastroduodenal artery,superior pancreaticoduodenal artery and its branches were visualized in 73 cases(38%).The posterior superior panereaticoduodenal artery was not anastomosed with the posterior inferior pancraticoduodenal artery in 3 cases.The posterior pancre- aticoduodenal arcade was discontinued in 1 case.The anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery, posterior superior pancreaticodoodenal artery,and dorsal pancreatic artery were only distributed across the upper head of the pancreas separately but were not anastomosed each other in 1 case.The variation rate of pancreaticoduodenal arterial arcades was 6.8%(5/73).In 102 cases of the superior mesenteric artery angiography,the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery was visualized in 42 cases(41%)while its branches were not visualized.In 6 cases of the combined angiography,superior panereaticoduodenal artery was visualized in all of the cases,of which anterior and posterior arcades were visualized in 4 cases(66.7%).The gastroduodenal artery reconstruction was performed in 3 cases of clinical pancre- as transplantation,all of the receivers maintained a normal blood glucose level after transplantation and no surgical complications were found.Conclusions The superior pancreaticoduodenal artery might of- fer more blood supply than inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery in the pancreatic head.The arterial re- construction of the transplanted pancreas should include the gastroduodenal artery because of the pos- sibility of arterial variation on the pancreatic head.

Objective To explore the modulatory effect of 5-HT2A receptors on the discharge activities of inspiratory neurons in medial region of nucleus retrofacialis of neonatal rats. Methods Experiments were performed in vitro brainstem slice preparations from neonatal rats. These preparations included the medial region of nucleus retrofacialis with the hypoglossal nerve rootlets retained. The rhythmic discharges of the inspiratory neurons and activities of the hypoglossal nerve rootlets were simultaneously recorded by using microelectrodes and suction electrodes, respectively. Roles of 5-HT2A receptors in modulation of the discharge activities of inspiratory neurons were investigated by administration of the 5-HT2A receptor agonist 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodopbenyl)-2-aminopropane (DOI), and its specific antagonist ketanserine dissolved in modified Kreb's solution for perfused slices. Results In DOI group, the inspiratory time (TI) was (0.864±0.07)s, expiratory time (TE) was (10.78±1.06)s, respiratory cycle (RC) was (11.79±1.64)s, integral amplitude (IA) was (357.98±37.21)(μV·s) and the peak discharge frequency (PF) was (37.83±3.66)Hz. In control group, they were (0.68±0.06)s, (13.89±2.14)s, (14.77±1.92)s, (273.57±24.39)(μV·s), and (29.92±4.50)Hz, there were significant differences between the 2 groups (Pa<0.01). In ketanserine group, TI was (0.55±0.07)s, TE and RC were (18.43±3.28)s and (20.17+2.91)s respectively, IA and PF were (214.37±33.52)(μV·s) and (22.17±3.92)Hz, there were significant differences between ketanserine group and DOI, control group (Pa<0.01). Conclusion 5-HT2A receptors take part in modulate the discharge activities of inspiratory neurons in neonatal rat brainstem slices.

Objective To explore the gene expression of interleukin-13 receptor (IL-13R)?2 and its relationship to proliferation activity of human gliomas.Methods The gene expression of IL-13R?in 50 hu- man gliomas,2 malignant human glioma cell lines and 6 normal brain tissues were studied by RT-PCR.Ki-67 labeling index (Ki267 LI) of all sample were detecteded by immunohistochemical staining.Results Only one normal brain tissues expressed very low IL-13R?2 mRNA,whereas 35 (70%) of 50 human brain tumors expressed 1L-13R?2 mRNA.The positive rate and expression level of IL-13R?2 mRNA were increased with the ascending of WHO tumor grade.(former:rs=0.87;letter:rs=0.69,P＜0.01).The difference of posi- tive rate and expression level of IL-13R 2?mRNA between the low grade and high grade tumors was statistical- ly significant,the proliferation activity of gliomas evaluated by Ki-67LI (Ki-67 Labeling Index,Ki-67LI) was positively correlated with IL-13R?2 gene expression and the tumor grade.Conclusion In human cerebral gliomas,IL-13R?2 genes may play an role in the malignant progression.The expression level of malignancy in molecular level and selecting the target of gene therapy.

Objective To observe the long term effects of arthroscopic knee debridement and reconstructing operation for treating osteoarthritis in patients with Kaschin-Beck disease. Methods Thirty-one cases of patients with Kaschin-Beck disease were followed for 6 years after operation of articular clearing by arthroscope. Index of pain, symptoms of self-evaluation, range of motion, walking distance, standing test by affected leg when bending at 30° or 60° were recorded and compared with the preoperative results. Results Twenty-four cases were followed up for 6 years. Six years after operation the pain index(3.38 ± 2.87) was dramatically decreased compared to that before operation (6.88 ± 1.45, t = 5.30, P ＜ 0.05). Patients symptoms markedly improved by subjective self-evaluation was 70.83% (17/24), the effective rate was 100% (24/24). The number of cases that could stand up when leg bending at 30° or 60° were 21,18 cases, respectively, compared with that of preoperative of 14, 11 cases, respectively, the difference was statistically significant(x2 = 5.17,4.27, all P ＜ 0.05). Six years after operation the walking distance(3 cases ＜ 1 km, 11 cases 1 - 5 km and 10 cases ＞ 5 km) were greatly improved compared to the results before operation (12 cases ＜ 1 km, 9 cases 1 - 5 km and 3 cases ＞ 5 km, U = 2.88, P ＜0.05). Six years after operation the knee activity[(132.25 ± 14.52)°] remained at the same level, compared with that of preoperative [(131 .58 ± 14.68) °], the difference was not statistically significant (t = 0.16, P ＞ 0.05) .Conclusions The method of arthroscopic joint debridement to cure Kaschin-Beck disease knee osteoarthritis can significantly reduce pain, improve function and walking distance, with more stable long-term satisfactory outcome.

Objective To explore the modulation roles of gamma-aminobutyric acid A(GABAA) receptor on respiratory rhythmical discharge activity in brainstem slice of neonatal rats.Methods Experiments were performed on in vitro neonatal rats brainstem slices.The slices containing the medial region of the nucleus retrofacialis(mNRF)with the hypoglossal nerve rootlets retained was prepared in which the respira-tory-related rhythmic discharge activity(RRDA)were recorded from hypoglossal nerve rootlets by suction electrode.The possible role of GABAA receptor on RRDA was investigated by administration of GABA and its antagonist bicuculline in modified Kreb′s solution(MKS),for perfusion of the brainstem slices.Eighteen slices positive of RRDA were randomly divided into three equal groups:the first group of slices was perfused with different concentrations(10,20,40,60 ?mol/L) GABA and the most effective concentration was selected;the second group of slices was perfused with 10 ?mol/L bicuculline;the third group of slices was perfused with 10 ?mol/L bicuculline plus 40 ?mol/L GABA.The RRDA in 3 groups were observed.Results GABA decreased RRDA,40 ?mol/L was the most effective concentration.It shortened inspiratory time(TI),decreased integral amplitude(IA),prolonged respiratory cycle(RC) and expiratory time(TE) respectively.By contrast,10 ?mol/L bicuculline produced opposite effects on RRDA,it prolonged TI,increased IA,shortened RC and TE respectively.40 ?mol/L GABA plus 10 ?mol/L bicuculline had no significant effects on RRDA.Conclusion GABA plays an important role in modulate RRDA of neonatal rats via GABAA receptor.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of simvastatin on the proliferation and apoptosis of prostatic epithelial RWPE-1 cells.

METHODSRWPE-1 cells cultured in vitro were treated with simvastatin at 0, 10, 20, and 40 μmol/L for 24, 48, and 72 hours followed by determination of their proliferation by MTT assay, and their apoptosis by flow cytometry. The mRNA and protein expressions of Bcl-2, Bax, and Cx43 were detected by fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively.

RESULTSAfter 72 hours of treatment with simvastatin at 10, 20, and 40 μmol/L, the inhibition rates of the RWPE-1 cells were (21.07 ± 6.41)%, (34.87 ± 9.65)%, and (47.18 ± 10.88)%, respectively, significantly higher than (1.21 ± 0.54)% in the control group (P < 0.05) and in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05); the cell apoptosis rates were (0.066 ± 0.016)%, (0.126 ± 0.023)%, and (0.192 ± 0.025)%, respectively, remarkably higher than (0.015 ± 0.005)% in the control (P < 0.05) and also in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05); the mRNA and protein expressions of Bcl-2 were decreasing while those of Bax and Cx43 increasing with the increased concentration of simvastatin (P < 0.05). The expression of Cx43 was correlated negatively with that of Bcl-2 but positively with that of Bax.

CONCLUSIONSimvastatin inhibits the proliferation of prostate epithelial cells and induce their apoptosis by acting on the gap junctional intercellular communication.

Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Connexin 43 ; metabolism ; Drug Administration Schedule ; Epithelial Cells ; drug effects ; physiology ; Humans ; Hypolipidemic Agents ; pharmacology ; Male ; Prostate ; cytology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Simvastatin ; pharmacology ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; metabolism

Background: Nonlinguistic cognitive impairment has become an important issue for aphasic patients, but currently there are few neuropsychological cognitive assessment tests for it. To get more information on cognitive impairment of aphasic patients, this study aimed to develop a new cognitive assessment test battery for aphasic patients, the Non?language?based Cognitive Assessment (NLCA), and evaluate its utility in Chinese?speaking patients with aphasia. Methods: The NLCA consists of five nonverbal tests, which could assess five nonlinguistic cognitive domains such as visuospatial functions, attention test, memory, reasoning, and executive functions of aphasic patients. All tests are modified from the nonverbal items of the current existed tests with some changes to the characteristics of Chinese culture. The NLCA was tested in 157 participants (including 57 aphasic patients, 50 mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients, and 50 normal controls), and was compared with other well?established relative neuropsychological tests on the reliability, validity, and utility. Results: The NLCA was fully applicable in the MCI patients and the normal controls, almost working in the aphasic patients (57/62 patients, 91.9%). The NLCA scores were 66.70 ± 6.30, 48.67 ± 15.04, and 77.58 ± 2.56 for the MCI group, the aphasic group, and the control group, respectively , and a significant difference was found among three groups (F = 118.446, P < 0.001). The Cronbach's alpha of the NLCA as an index of internal consistency was 0.805, and the test?retest and interrater reliability was adequate (r=0.977 and r= 0.970, respectively). The correlations of the cognitive subtests and their validation instruments were between 0.540 and 0.670 (all P < 0.05). Spearman's correlation analysis indicated that the coefficient of internal consistency of each subtest itself was higher than other subtests.When choosing the Montreal Cognitive Assessment score of <26 as the diagnostic criteria of cognitive impairment, the area under the curve for all participants in the control and MCI groups was 0.942 (95% confidence interval: 0.895–0.989), and an optimal cutoff point of 75.00 seemed to provide the best balance between sensitivity and specificity. Age (r = ?0.406, P < 0.001) was the main influence factor for the NLCA. Conclusions: The NLCA could efficiently differentiate the cognitive impairment patients from the normal controls and is a reliable and valid cognitive assessment test battery to specially find nonlinguistic cognitive function for aphasic patients.

The present study was carried out to determine the role of histamine H(1) and H(2) receptors in the generation of basic respiratory rhythm. Neonatal (aged 0-3 d) Sprague-Dawley rats of either sex were used. The medulla oblongata slice containing the medial region of the nucleus retrofacialis (mNRF) and the hypoglossal nerve rootlets was prepared and the surgical procedure was performed in the modified Kreb's solution (MKS) with continuous carbogen (95% O(2) and 5% CO(2)), and ended in 3 min. Respiratory rhythmical discharge activity (RRDA) of the rootlets of hypoglossal nerve was recorded by suction electrode. Thirty medulla oblongata slice preparations were divided into 5 groups. In groups I, II and III, histamine (5 μmol/L), H(1) receptor specific antagonist pyrilamine (10 μmol/L) and H(2) receptor specific antagonist cimetidine (5 μmol/L) was added into the perfusion solution for 15 min separately. In group IV, after application of histamine for 15 min, additional pyrilamine was added into the perfusion for another 15 min. In group V, after application of histamine for 15 min, additional cimetidine was added into the perfusion for another 15 min. The discharges of the roots of hypoglossal nerve were recorded. Signals were amplified and band-pass filtered (100-3.3 kHz). Data were sampled (1-10 kHz) and stored in the computer via BL-420 biological signal processing system. Our results showed that histamine significantly decreased the respiratory cycle (RC) and expiratory time (TE), but changes of integral amplitude (IA) and inspiratory time (TI) were not statistically significant. Pyrilamine induced significant increases in RC and TE, but changes of TI and IA were not statistically significant. Cimetidine had no effects on RC, TE, TI and IA of RRDA. The effect of histamine on the respiratory rhythm was reversed by additional application of pyrilamine but not cimetidine. Taken together, with the results mentioned above, histamine H(1) receptors but not H(2) receptors may play an important role in the modulation of RRDA in the medulla oblongata slice preparation of neonatal rats.
Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Cimetidine ; pharmacology ; Female ; Histamine ; pharmacology ; Histamine H1 Antagonists ; pharmacology ; Histamine H2 Antagonists ; pharmacology ; Hypoglossal Nerve ; physiology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Male ; Medulla Oblongata ; physiology ; Pyrilamine ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Histamine H1 ; physiology ; Receptors, Histamine H2 ; physiology ; Respiration