Objective To investigate the duration of the first-fundus-examination and the status of diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Design Questionnaire. Participants 956 patients (1905 eyes) with type 2 diabetes in Tongren Eye Center of Beijing Tongren Hospital. Method Self-designed questionnaire was carried out. Patients were divided into different groups by the du-ration of the first-fundus-examination, degree of diabetic retinopathy, duration of diabetes, education background and living area in the data analysis. Main Outcome Measurements Duration of the first- fundus-examination, degree of diabetic retinopathy. Results Dia-betes patients in shorter duration groups finished the first-fundus-examination earlier than in longer duration groups (all P <0.05). Dif-ferent education background didn't show significant influence on duration of the first fundus examination. Urban patients received earli-er first-fundus-examination than rural patients (all P <0.05). The incidences of vitreous hemorrhage, retinal detachment and retinal pho-tocoagulation were rising with the duration of diabetes. The proportions of vitreous hemorrhage and retinal photocoagulation were higher in primary-school education group than in middle-school and college education groups (all P<0.05). Difference of the incidences of vit-reous hemorrhage and retinal detachment weren't found between in Beijing and non-Beijing patients. The incidences of vitreous hemor-rhage and retinal detachment in urban patients were higher than in rural patients (all P<0.05). Conclusion The most diabetic patients finish the first-fundus-examination much later than requested. Diabetic patients in lower-education-level groups and in rural group are even later, and their conditions are more serious.(Ophthalmol CHN, 2009, 18: 279-282)

Succinic acid is widely used in the field of chemistry and food proces s. Compared to the traditional chemical synthesis, succinic acid production by fermentation has some benefits. The new process with competitive cost uses rene wable agricultural resources including green house gas CO 2 instead of fossil f uels and reduces pollution from chemical synthesis. In this article, research progr e ss in production of succinic acid by fermentation such as microorganisms, metabo lic pathways and its regulation, fermentation and isolation are briefly reviewed .

Objective To evaluate the multi-slice spiral CT scan of liver dynamic dual-phase three-dimensional vascular imaging portal phase clinical value. Methods 80 cases in clinic, who were patients with liver function and imaging diagno- sis of liver and portal hypertension in liver cirrhosis, and 20 cases of healthy persons were carried out multi-slice spiral CT dual-phase scanning. The workstation used volume rendering techniques (VR) and maximum density multi-planar recon- struction technique for reconstruction. Results The hepatic arterial phase VR image and MIP MPR images can clearly show the celiac trunk, splenic artery, hepatic artery or artery and its branches, including 2-3 grade tumor blood supply variation of blood vessels and blood vessels, the portal venous phase, VR images and MIP MPR images clearly show the 1-6 level structure and the portal vein and hepatic vein branches of 1-3, with strong three-dimensional sense of space. Conclusion The multi-slice spiral CT three-dimensional reconstruction of portal vein imaging is a fast and effective non-invasive an- giography techniques, contributing to the clinical choice of reasonable efficacy of treatment programs and follow-up.

To evaluate the efficacy of Yupingfeng droppill and western medicine in treatment of allergic rhinitis, 76 patients from Beijing Shijitan hospital during April 2011 to May 2012 were selected and randomly divided into the treatment group (n = 44) and control group (n = 32). The treatment group was treated with Yupingfeng droppill and cetirizine tablets, the control group was treated with cetirizine tablets, the effect of the two groups was observed after 28 days, after treatment, the symptoms and inferior turbinate volume contrast of the two groups were better than before. The obvious effective rate and total effective rate were 84.09%, 95.45% and 46.87%, 56.25% in the treatment group and and control group. The differences in the obvious effective rate and total effective rate were statistically significant between two groups (P < 0.05), Yupingfeng droppill has the curative effect on allergic rhinitis, which is better than simple oral cetirizine tablets.
Adult ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; drug therapy ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Objective To explore the combination of lamivudine and adefovir dipivoxiltreatment in HBeAg positive patients with inappropriate timing of decompensated hepatitis B cirrhosis.Methods Make a retrospective analysis of HBeAg positive patients with decompensated hepatitis B cirrhosis of the liver our hospital in 2014 January ~2015 January were,100 cases of initial treatment, 50 patients given lamivudine plus adefovir dipivoxil resistance as control group,50 cases patients given lamivudine plus adefovir dipivoxil combined as the observation group, compared two groups of clinical curative effect of treatment.Results Observation group after treatment in patients with HBeAgseroconversion rate of 26.00% was significantly higher than that in control group 4.00% (P<0.05);after 12 weeks of treatment in the observation group (9.63 ±1.42), 24 weeks(8.57 ±1.45), 48 weeks(7.43 ±1.57) Child-Pugh grading score was significantly lower than the control group(9.74 ±1.21),(9.45 ±1.33)(8.57 ±1.04)(P <0.05); level of HBV-DNA after treatment in the observation group (2.23 ±1.25) was significantly lower than that of the control group(5.18 ± 1.63), and the Patients in the observation group (2.23 ±1.25)HBV-DNA load in serum was significantly lower than that before treatment(6.47 ± 1.55)(P<0.05).Conclusion patients with decompensated hepatitis B cirrhosis with combination of lamivudine and adefovir dipivoxil treatment, the clinical efficacy is more significant, HBeAg seroconversion rate is increased , the score of Child-Pugh become low and improve liver reserve function, reduce HBV-DNA load in serum.

AlM:To investigate the protective effect of astaxanthin (AST) on human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells against oxidative damage induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).METHODS:Human RPE cells were subcultured, cell activity was detected by MTT, rate of apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry and cell ultrastructure changes were observed under transmission electron microscope. RESULTS: MTT results showed that cell activity elevated to ( 53. 66%± 3. 25% and 70. 43%± 2. 38% after 10-8 mol/L and 10-4 mol/L AST treated. The difference had statistically significant (P<0. 05) compared with oxidative injury group (38. 76%± 3. 74%). Flow cytometry results showed that the apoptosis rate of RPE cells decreased to 30. 23%± 1. 91% and 12. 58%± 2. 12% in AST pretreated group, the difference was significant (P<0. 05) compared with oxidative injury group ( 42. 50%± 1. 94%); Electron microscopy showed that the morphology of cells gradually improved accompanied with the concentration of AST elevated.CONCLUSlON:AST may inhibit hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis of RPE cells, it can provide reliable evidence for pursue effective medicine to prevent and treat retina injury.

China ; Congresses as Topic ; Fatty Liver ; Humans

OBJECTIVETo Understand the characteristics of the common complications in the gastric malignant tumor inpatients in our country, the related traditional Chinese and western medicine combined usage.

METHODBy using the method of frequency analysis and correlation, analysis the diagnostic and Prescribing information in HIS database of 20 national first-class ternary general hospital inpatients.

RESULTThe most common coexistent disease are malignant tumor in other parts, benign tumor. The most common complications are serous cavity effusion, lung infection, abnormal liver function. In other parts malignant tumor, more than 50% with advanced gastric malignancy; in other parts benign tumor, 86.00% located in the digestive and Urinary system, in the complications, digestive system diseases accounted for 23.80%; further according to the association rules of data mining, and calculate the combination scheme of the most commonly used for acid suppression drugs in combination with the centralizer and eliminate pathogenic traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).

CONCLUSIONIn the real world, most of the gastric malignant tumor disorder crowd is in the advanced stage, with lymph nodes and other parts of the transfer; and at the same time to incorporate the spleen and kidney disease in TCM zang-fu organs dialectical, should notice the reach mark early intervention, achieve the purpose of cure not ill; acid suppression hemostatic drugs combined the centralizer and eliminate pathogenic the three medicine combined treatment of Chinese traditional medicine is relevant.

Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Female ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Stomach Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; drug therapy

OBJECTIVETo study the characteristics and regular pattern of the medicine in common use and combined medication in patients of acute pancreatitis in real world.

METHODCollect the information of 5 433 acute pancreatitis patients in 19 grade IIIA general hospitals in China, analysis by descriptive statistics and association rule.

RESULTIn the 5 433 patients of acute pancreatitis, the glycyrrhizic acid injection and somatostatin are the frequency top used Chinese traditional and western medication. Glycyrrhizic acid injection, somatostatin and insulin are the frequency top used drug combination pattern.

CONCLUSIONThe Chinese and western integrative medicine drug use pattern are accord with the clinical guideline of acute panceatitis. The hepatic and renal function, blood routine and coagulation function should be monitored when the medicines are used.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; therapeutic use ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Glycyrrhizic Acid ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Pancreatitis ; drug therapy ; Somatostatin ; therapeutic use ; Young Adult

In the present study, the specifically knockdown models of P-gp or MRP2 were constructed by using a series of chemically synthesized small interfering RNA (siRNA) in vitro. The expression of P-gp and MRP2 was measured by real-time PCR and Western blot, and the function was evaluated by applying P-gp and MRP2 substrate, rhodamine and methotrexate. The results showed that MRP2 siRNA-3 or P-gp siRNA-2 significantly decreased the mRNA expression of MRP2 or P-gp, the inhibition ratio was 68% or 84%; MRP2 siRNA-3 or P-gp siRNA-2 at a dose of 80 nmol x L(-1) significantly reduced the protein expression of MRP2 or P-gp at 48 h after treatment, the inhibition ratio was 62% or 70%. Meanwhile, other transporters were not influenced by siRNA. When pretreatment with MRP2 siRNA-3 or P-gp siRNA-2, the efflux of methotrexate or rhodamine decreased significantly and the intra-cellular concentration increased. The results suggested that chemically synthesized siRNA could significantly inhibit the expression and function of MRP2 and P-gp, and the model of RNAi in vitro could be used to evaluate the role of efflux transporters in transportation of drugs.
ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family B, Member 1 ; genetics ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins ; genetics ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction