Objective To discuss the effects of extract of Ginkgo BilobaLeaves(EGb) on expression of cytokine of renal interstitial fibrosis induced by transforming growth factor-?1 (TGF-?1) and extracellular matrix. Methods Cultured human kidney cells(HKC) were divided into three groups: control group,TGF-?1(8 ng/mL) group,and TGF-?1(8 ng/mL) added EGb(25,50,100,150 mg/L)group.After 72 h,expression of ?-SMA was detected by cell immunochemistry ABC,and collagen type I by Real-time PCR and Western blotting. Results Treated with TGF-?1(8 ng/mL) for 72 h,expression of ?-SMA and collagen type Ⅰ were up-regulated markedly compared with control group.Treated with EGb(25,50,100,150 mg/L)and TGF-?1(8 ng/mL)concomitantly for 72 h,expression of ?-SMA and collagen typeⅠ were down-regulated in dosage dependent manner compared with TGF-?1 group. Conclusion EGb can inhibit expression of ?-SMA and collagen type I in HKC induced by TGF-?1,and the possible mechanism might be related to the inhibition of EGb on renal tubular epithelial-myofibroblast transdifferentiation.

AlM: To study the therapeutic effect of external-route microsurgery forrhegmatogenous retinal detachment.
METHODS: ln 55 patients ( 55 eyes ) with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, drainage of subretinal fluid, examination of locating the holes, sclera cryotherapy, scleral buckling, and vitreous cavity injection of filtrated air were performed under surgical microscope.
RESULTS:The retinal reattachment occurred in 50 cases after the primary surgery. The final rate of reattachment was 91% during 6 - 12mo follow - up. The retinal reattachment occurred in 1 case ( recurrent retinal detachment) after the secondary surgery and in 4 cases ( recurrent retinal detachment ) after vitrectomy. The eyesight was improved with different degrees in 55 cases.CONCLUSlON: The external- route microsurgery for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment is simple, safe and effective.

Adult ; Carbon Disulfide ; poisoning ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multiphasic Screening ; Neural Conduction ; Occupational Diseases ; diagnosis ; physiopathology

Objective To study the effects of color Doppler ultrasound insonification of maternal rats of different pregnancy periods on the brain ultrastructure of fetal rats. Methods SD rats of different pregnant periods (12 d, 15 d, and 18 d) were insonificated by color Doppler ultrasound for 30 min. The PREIRUS color computer audio-visual device was used with the insonificating parameters as follows: EUP-LTM4,H5.0 MHz,Tis=0.4,and Micd=1.2. The fetal brains of the each group was collected 24 hours after insonification, and the changes of brain ultrastructure were observed by transmission electron microscope (TEM). Results There were no significant changes on brain ultrastructure in fetal rats of 12-day maternal pregnancy, with occasional dissolved mitochondria cristae, slight expansion of endoplasmic reticulum, relatively regular nucleus shape and smaller vacuoles in the cytoplasm. There were obvious changes on brain ultrastructure in fetal rats of 15-day maternal pregnancy, with the injury of organelles being severer than that of 12-day maternal pregnancy. There were significant changes on brain ultrastructure in fetal rats of 18-day maternal pregnancy, with obvious expansion of endoplasmic reticulum, severely irregular nuclear shape, obviously dissolved mitochondrial cristae, expansive nuclear gap and large vacuoles in the cytoplasm.Conclusion Color Doppler ultrasound insonification at different maternal pregnancy periods have different effects on the brain ultrastructure of fetal rats; the earlier the pregnancy period, the smaller the effects on brain ultrastructure of fetal rats.

Microarray has become a popular biotechnology in biological and medical research.However, systematic and stochastic variabilities in microarray data are expected and unavoidable, resulting in the problem that the raw measurements have inherent "noise" within microarray experiments. Currently, logarithmic ratios are usually analyzed by various clustering methods directly, which may introduce bias interpretation in identifying groups of genes or samples. In this paper, a statistical method based on mixed model approaches was proposed for microarray data cluster analysis. The underlying rationale of this method is to partition the observed total gene expression level into various variations caused by different factors using an ANOVA model, and to predict the differential effects of G V (gene by variety)interaction using the adjusted unbiased prediction (AUP) method. The predicted G V interaction effects can then be used as the inputs of cluster analysis. We illustrated the application of our method with a gene expression dataset and elucidated the utility of our approach using an external validation.

Background Research showed that transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2) promotes scar formation.But its mechanism in scarring after glaucoma filtration surgery is worthy of studying.Objective This study was to investigate the effect of TGF-β2 on myofibroblast transition of human Tenon fibroblasts (HTFs) and scarring after glaucoma filtration surgery.Methods Tenon capsular tissue was obtained from 3 patients with strabismus during the surgery and was incubated in DMEM with 10％ fetal bovine serum (FBS).The cells were collected and passaged in the free-serum medium for 24 hours,and then 1,2,5,10,20 μg/L TGF-β2 was added into the medium respectively,to induce the transformation of HTFs,and 2 μg/L or 5 μg/L TGF-β2 was used to treat the HTFs for 6,24,48 and 72 hours.The control group was not treated with TGF-β2.The expressions of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and phosphorylation of the signaling proteins (pSmad2) in HTFs were detected by Western blot assay.The expressions of α-SMA and F-actin were located by cell immunofluorescine technique under the confocal immunofluorescence microscopy.Cell contractility was determined by collagen gel contraction assays.This study was approved by Ethic Committee of Institute of Surgery Research of Daping Hospital,and informed consent was obtained from each patient or custodian initial of the study.Results The expression of α-SMA protein in the HTFs was increased significantly after the treatment of TGF-β2 in comparison with the control group and reached a peak at 24-48 hours.The α-SMA expression was gradually weakened in the 10 μg/L TGF-β2 groups.Little of α-SMA and F-actin were expressed in the control group.However,strong staining for α-SMA and F-actin were observed in the 1,2 and 5 μg/L TGF-β2 groups and then the staining weakened at the concentration of 10 μg/L.In addition,pSmad2 showed a stronger expression in the 2 μg/L TGF-β2 group than that in the PBS group and FBS group,with the strongest expression in 30 minutes through 2 hours.The untreated gel contracted (78.00±3.13)％ from its initial size,and contraction in the 1,2,5,10 μg/L TGF-β2 group were (63.88±1.78)％,(20.69±0.65)％,(19.49-±0.54)％,(16.24±0.84) ％,respectively,TGF-β2 increased HTFs contraction significantly (Fgroup =859.400,P =0.000).Conclusions TGF-β2 can induce transdifferentiation of Tenon fibroblast into myofibroblast and increase cell contractility,with a concentration-dependent and time-dependent pattern to an extent.It may be the mechanism of scar formation after glaucoma filter surgery.

Objective The autoantibodies against angiotensin Ⅱ type 1 receptor(AT_1 RAb)have been dis- covered in the patients with malignant hypertensive and preeclampsia,this autoantiboies(AT_1-AA)have an ago- nist-like activity effect similar to angiotensin Ⅱ(Ang Ⅱ).This study aimed at investigation the effect of Ang Ⅱ agonist-like activity by AT_1-AA on VSMCs proliferation was obtained from essential hypertensive patients. Methods VSMCs were cultured from aorta of WKY rats.The hypertensive patients" serum was purified by am- monium sulfate precipitation and affinity chromatography.The effect on VSMC proliferation this autoantilody was determined by BrdU incorporation.Total protein and the expression of phosphorylation JAK-STAT were assessed by Western blotting.Results AT_1RAb caused a significant increase in BrdU incorporation similar to Ang Ⅱ during 0-24 h reaching peak value at 12 h.The A value of in 450 nm was higher in AT_1RAb group (0.236?0.012)than AG490+AT_1RAb group(0.176?0.009),Losartan+AT_1RAb groups(0.119?0.006) and Serum Free group(0.127?0.006)(P

The experiment's aim was to optimize the processing technology of Xanthii Fructus which through comparing the difference of UPLC fingerprint and contents of toxicity ingredient in water extract of 16 batches of processed sample. The determination condition of UPLC chromatographic and contents of toxicity ingredient were as follows. UPLC chromatographic: ACQUITY BEH C18 column (2.1 mm x 100 mm, 1.7 microm) eluted with the mobile phases of acetonitrile and 0.1% phosphoric acidwater in gradient mode, the flow rate was 0.25 mL x min(-1) and the detection wavelength was set at 327 nm. Contents of toxicity ingredient: Agilent TC-C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm), mobile phase was methanol-0.01 mol x L(-1) sodium dihydrogen phosphate (35: 65), flow rate was 1.0 mL x min(-1), and detection wavelength was 203 nm. The chromatographic fingerprints 16 batches of samples were analyzed in using the similarity evaluation system of chromatographic, fingerprint of traditional Chinese medicine, SPSS16.0 and SIMCA13.0 software, respectively. The similarity degrees of the 16 batches samples were more than 0.97, all the samples were classified into four categories, and the PCA showed that the peak area of chlorogenic acid, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid and caffeic acid were significantly effect index in fingerprint of processed Xanthii Fructus sample. The outcome of determination showed that the toxicity ingredient contents of all samples reduced significantly after processing. This method can be used in optimizing the processing technology of Xanthii Fructus.
Caffeic Acids ; analysis ; toxicity ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; toxicity ; Quinic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; analysis ; toxicity ; Xanthium ; chemistry ; classification

OBJECTIVETo investigate the accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and expression of receptor for AGEs (RAGE) in streptozocin (STZ)-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats, and the role of antioxidants on the AGEs-RAGE signaling.

METHODSDiabetic rats were induced by once intraperitoneal injection of STZ at the dose of 60 mg/kg, and randomly divided into the DN group (n=12, treated with normal saline by intraperitoneal injection, once daily), the extract of Ginkgo biloba (EGb) group (n=14, treated with EGb 300 mg/kg by oral administration, once every other day), and the alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) group (n=12, treated with ALA at the dose of 35 mg/kg by intraperitoneal injection, once every other day). Rats of the normal control group (n=10) were given vehicle citrate buffer at the dose of 60 mg/kg. Rats were sacrificed at the 12th week and the 20th week of this study. The four groups were compared in terms of body weight, blood glucose, renal function, 24-h urine protein. Renal pathological changes were observed by PAS staining. Oxidative stress indices were detected using spectrophotometry. The concentrations of AGEs were measured using fluoro spectrophotometry, and the expressions of RAGE were detected by Real-time PCR and Western blot.

RESULTSCompared with the normal control group, the 24-h urine protein quantitation was higher and the glomerular filtration rate increased in rats at the 12th week and the 20th week. The pathological tissue staining showed dilated glomerular mesangium, proliferated glomerular matrix, vacuolar degeneration of the renal tubular epithelium. Malonaldehyde (MDA) levels and 8-hydroxide radical guanine deoxyriboside (8-OHdG) levels increased, and catalase (CAT) and reduced glutathione hormone (GSH) levels decreased. The AGEs contents in serum and renal tissue homogenate increased. The expressions of RAGE mRNA and protein increased in the DN group at the 12th and the 20th week. The 24-h urine protein quantitation was reduced in the EGb group and the ALA group, with alleviated pathological changes, lowered MDA and 8-OHdG levels, increased CAT and GSH levels, decreased AGEs contents, and down-regulated RAGE expressions.

CONCLUSIONSAGEs contents increased and RAGE expression up-regulated in the circulation and local renal tissues in DN rats. EGb and ALA could inhibit AGEs production and down-regulate RAGE expressions by reducing oxidative stress, thus further improving the renal tissue structure and renal functions of DN rats. It had better application prospect in treatment and prevention of DN.

Animals ; Antioxidants ; pharmacology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; metabolism ; Diabetic Nephropathies ; metabolism ; Ginkgo biloba ; Glycation End Products, Advanced ; metabolism ; Kidney ; metabolism ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products ; Receptors, Immunologic ; metabolism ; Thioctic Acid ; pharmacology