Adolescent ; Humans ; Male ; Werner Syndrome

Background The measurement of the extraocular muscle is critical for the diagnosis of extraocular muscle diseases,but conventional medical imaging techniques present some shortcomings because of the contact pattern.The anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT) is thought to be an in vivo noninvasive optical diagnostic imaging method.Objective This clinical study attempted to seek an available approach to the evaluation of the anatomic structure of human horizontal rectus insertion with Visante OCT.Methods One hundred and fourteen eyes of 58 subjects were included in this study and were divided into the low refractive power group (≤-3.00 D) with 43 eyes,moderate refractive power group(＞-3.00 D-≤-6.00 D) with 49 eyes and high refractive power group(＞-6.00 D) with 22 eyes.The horizontal rectus insertion distance to the scleral spur and its thickness were measured by Visante OCT.The correlation of the refractive power with the rectus insertion distance or thickness was analyzed.Written informed consent was obtained from each subject before medial assessment.Results The average distance from the scleral spur to the lateral and medial rectus insertion were (5.23±0.50)mm and (3.81±0.46)mm respectively.The average thickness of the lateral and medial rectus insertions were (0.39±0.06)mm and (0.39±0.06)mm respectively,showing no significant differences in comparison with those of ultrasound biomicroscopy (P=0.338,P=0.759).The lateral and medial rectus insertion distances were (5.25±0.45)mm and (3.74±0.53)mm in the low refractive power the group,(5.22±0.60)mm and (3.81±0.42)mm in the moderate group and (5.20±0.35)mm and (3.90±0.42)mm in the high refractive power group,presenting inconsiderable difference among these three groups(lateral rectus: χ2=0.054,P=0.974;medial rectus: F=0.508,P=0.604).The thickness of the lateral and medial rectus insertions were (0.41±0.06)mm and (0.40±0.06)mm in the low refractive power group,(0.40±0.07)mm and (0.37±0.07)mm in the moderate refractive power group,(0.36±0.05)mm and (0.39±0.05)mm in the high refractive power group with a significant difference among lateral rectus (F=4.922,P=0.009) but not medial rectus (F=2.152,P=0.125).The lateral rectus insertions thickness in the high refractive power group was thinner than that in low refractive power group (P＜0.05).A positive correlation was found between refractive power and the thickness of lateral or medial rectus insertions (r=0.284,P＜0.01).Conclusion Visante OCT is a uscful way in measuring the distance and thickness of the extraocular muscles.Lateral rectus insertions thickness tends to be thinner with the worsening of myopia,which is obvious in high myopia.

MicroRNA(miRNA)is a small non-coding RNA that contains 21 to 23 nucleotides and can down-regulate gene expression by translational repression.Recent studies found that some miRNAs might function both as oncogenes and tumor suppressors;its role in the tumorigenesis may complement and enrich the mechanisms of tumorigenesis.Liver cancer is a great threat to human health,whose pathogenesis is still not completely understood.MiRNAs can influence the tumorigenesis,differ- entiation and treatment of liver cancer.Here we summarizes the related progression in research of miRNA and liver cancer.

Abscess ; therapy ; Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Neck ; Retrospective Studies

Objective: To observe the relationship between homocysteine(Hcy)and spatial cognitive ability and to evaluate whether vitamin B12 supplementation could protect spatial cognitive ability in rats. Methods: The rats were randomized into three groups. The experimental group was given methionine subcutaneously. The intervention group was given methionine and vitamin B12 subcutaneously. The control group received isometric normal saline. After being raised for 8 weeks, all rats were examined for plasma Hcy and serum vitamin B12 and scores of Y-maze test. The brain tissues of hippocampus were checked immunohistochemically for acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Results: The experimental group developed hyperhomocysteinemia and descreased spatial cognitive ability significantly (P0.05). Conclusion: Homocysteine can impair the spatial cognitive ability in rats and vitamin B12 is effective in lowering Hcy level and protect the spatial cognitive ability of rats.

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy of minimally invasive percutaneous pedicle screw fixation and posterior paraspinal muscle space approach pedicle screw fixation for the treatment of thoracolumbar fractures.Methods Retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 29 patients treated via minimally invasive percutaneous pedicle screw fixation(minimally invasive group) and 28 patients treated via posterior paraspinal muscle space approach pedicle screw fixation(paraspinal muscle approach group) from March 2013 to October 2015.The anterior vertebral height ratio,sagittal Cobb angle,surgical incision,operation time,number of fluoroscopy,intraoperative blood loss and ODI and VAS scores were compared between the two groups.Results All patients were followed up for an average period of 12.6 months (ranged from 6 to 18 months).At the end of 3 days,3 months and 12 months after operation,vertebral sagittal index and Cobb angle of the two groups were significantly recovered compared with the preoperative data(P<0.05),and the ODI and VAS scores were significantly lower than those before the operation,but the above indicators had no significant difference between the two groups(P>0.05).The surgical trauma and intraoperative blood loss of patients in the minimally invasive group were significantly lower than those of the paraspinal muscle approach group,while the operation time and fluoroscopy times were significantly higher than those of the paraspinal muscle approach group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Minimally invasive percutaneous and paraspinal muscle approach pedicle screw fixation are both effective,safe and reliable.Paraspinal muscle approach pedicle screw fixation has shorter operation time and easier operation,while minimally invasive percutaneous pedicle screw fixation has less trauma,less bleeding and faster postoperative recovery.

The effects of an aqueous extract of Dracocephalum tanguticum Maxim. (DtM ) on p, b.b-1/ H. Hct. ESR. ESR-kand EPT of rats were studied by ip route. The animals were divided into three groups: normal pressure control group (NCG ). iowpressure treatment group (LTG )and lowpressure control group (LCG ). A11 p,b. Het. ESR-k increased stignificantly in rats exposed to stimulated altitude of 6500m for 10 days (8h/day),and the platelet and the ratio of left to ri1ght ventricle weights were obviously decreased in comparison with NPG. The above parameters of LTG .except Het.have noobvious difference as compared with NCG, Het in LTG increased obviously but lower than LCG. These results suggested that DtM may be used as an inhibitory agent against the changes of induced-hypoxia blood rheology, decreased platelet and hypertrophic right ventricle. In addition,the observation of tissue morphology showed that DtM possesses sometherapeutic effects to injuries of lung. liver and kidney of hypoxia rats.

Objective: To investigate chemical constituents from Isodon coetsa distributed in Guizhou. Methods: Chemical constituents were isolated and purified by chromatography with silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and semi-preparative HPLC, and their structures were identified by analysis of spectroscopic evidences and physicochemical properties as well as relevant references. Results: A total of 19 compounds were isolated from plant material extracted with 95% aqueous methanol, which were elucidated as β-sitosterol (1), stigmasterol (2), β-daucosterol (3), methyl linolenat (4), 9,12-octadecadienoic acid-2-hydroxy-1,3-propanedinyl ester (5), ursolic acid (6), oleanoic acid (7), 3β-hydroxy-urs-20-en-28-oic acid (8), betulinic acid (9), kurarinone (10), maslinic acid (11), 2α-hydroxy ursolic acid (12), 2α,3α-dihydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid (13), 2α,3α,24-trihydrxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid (14), 2α,3β,24- trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid (15), formononetin (16), emodin (17), uracil (18), and sucrose (19). Conclusion: Compounds 2, 4, 5, 9, 11, 13-19 are isolated from this plant for first time, and compounds 11, 17, 19 are isolated from the genus of Isodon for the first time.

Objective To observe the content of thromboxane (TXA 2) and prostacyclin (PGI 2) in optic nerves after forehead impact injury. Methods The right forehead zones of 32 rabbits were struck by biology impact machine. Tweenty four rabbits that had afferent papillary defect after injury were chosen, and randomly divided into four groups: 1 day, 2, 4, and 7 days group. Right eyes were in the experimental group and left eyes were in the control group. Flash visual evoked potentials were examined before and after the traumatic injury. The rabbits′ eyes were removed, the optic nerves were pathologically examined, and the content of TXB 2 and 6 Keto PGF 1? which were the products of TXA 2 and PGI 2 were assayed 1, 2, 4, and 7 days after traumatic injury respectively. Results Histopathological examination revealed the findings of injuries of optic nerves of all the 24 rabbits. The latency of wave P 1 was significantly delayed after traumatic injury ( P

BACKGROUND: The water extract of white mulberry root-bark plays certain roles in decreasing the blood glucose and blood lipids of rats, antagonizing inflammation and analgesia, relieving asthma and inducing diuresis,as well as relaxing the smooth muscle.OBJECTIVE: To analyze the hypoxic tolerance of white mulberry rootbark by using the hypoxic tolerance test under normal pressure, rapid head-cut test and the test of isoproterenol in enhancing myocardial oxygen consumption.DESIGN: A randomized control study.SETTING: Department of Pathology and Department of Pharmacology,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Gannan Medical College.MATERIALS: The experiments were conducted in the laboratory of the Scientific Research Center of Gannan Medical College between May and June in 2003. Totally 106 healthy adult Kunming mice were used in the following three independent experiments. The white mulberry root-bark extract was provided by the Department of Pharmacology of Gannan Medical College, injection of propranolole hydrochloride by Beijing Pharmaceutical Factory.METHODS: ① Hypoxic tolerance test under normal pressure: Forty mice were divided into four groups with 10 mice in each group according to the method of random number table: saline group, propranolol group, white mulberry root-bark extract groups treated with 0.10 and 0.20 mL/g respectively, and the mice were treated with intraperitoneal injection of saline (0.02 mg/g), propranolol (10 g/L), white mulberry root-bark extract (0.10 and 0.20 mL/g) respectively. After 15 minutes,the mice in the groups were placed into the enclosed 250mL ground and wide mouthed bottles separately, and the survival time of the mice was observed by taking the last breath as the index. ② Rapid headcut test: Thirty mice were divided into three groups with 10 mice in each group according to the method of random number table: saline group, white mulberry root-bark extract groups treated with 0.10 and 0.20 mL/g respectively, and the mice were treated with intraperitoneal injection of saline (0.02 mg/g), white mulberry root-bark extract (0.10and 0.20 mL/g) respectively. After 15 minutes, the heads of the mice were rapidly cut down without anesthesia, and the time from cutting head to the last breath was recorded. ③ Test of isoproterenol in enhancing myocardial oxygen consumption: Thirty-six mice were divided into three groups with 12 mice in each group according to the method of random number table: saline group, isoproterenol group and white mulberry root-bark extract group treated with 0.10 mL/g. In the saline group, the mice were injected with saline subcutaneously (0.03 mL/g),and then intraperitoneally (0.02 mL/g) after 5 minutes. In the isoproterenol group, the mice were firstly treated with subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol (0.015 mg/g), and the intraperitoneal injection of saline (0.02 mL/g) was given after 5 minutes. In the white mulberry root-bark extract group treated with 0.10 mL/g, the mice were firstly injected subcutaneously with isoproterenol (0.015 mg/g), and then injected intraperitoneally with white mulberry root-bark extract (0.01 mL/g)was given after 5 minutes. After 15 minutes, the mice were placed into the enclosed wide mouthed bottles separately, and the survival time of the mice was observed.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The survival time of mice in each group was observed in the three independent experiments.RESULTS: All the 106 healthy adult Kunming mice were involved in the analysis of results. ① Effect of white mulberry root-bark extract on the survival time of mice in the condition of hypoxic tolerance under normal pressure: As compared with the saline group, the survival times in the propranolol group and white mulberry root-bark extract groups treated with0.10 and 0.20 mL/g were obviously prolonged [(36.2±4.3), (81.0±17.0), (66.4±8.9), (90.3±7.4) minutes, t=3.358-3.617,P ＜ 0.01]. ② Effect of white mulberry root-bark extract on the survival time of mice under the condition of cerebral ischemia: As compared with the saline group, the times from cutting head to the last breath in the white mulberry root-bark extract groups treated with 0.10 and 0.20 mL/g were obviously prolonged [(17.8±1.3), (21.2±0.8), (23.5±0.7) minutes, t=2.824-3.432, P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01]. ③ Effect of white mulberry root-bark extract on the survival time of mice under the condition of myocardial oxygen consumption enhanced by isoproterenol: As compared with the saline group, the survival time in the isoproterenol group was obviously shortened, but those in the white mulberry rootbark extract groups treated with 0.10 and 0.20 mL/g were markedly prolonged [(36.2±4.3), (27.9±2.6), (50.6±3.4) minutes, t=2.734-3.035, P ＜ 0.05].CONCLUSION: White mulberry root-bark extract has obvious effect on hypoxic tolerance.