Medical mycology,a branch of mycology,mainly involves studies on various kinds of pathogenic fungi and fungal infective diseases. With the rapid development of medicine science,medical mycology has drawn great attention from all over the world.China has made substantial contribution to the research of medical mycology in recent years.This article summarized the current status of medical mycology research in China.

fluconazole.Conclusion: The susceptibilities of Malassezia species to ketoconazole,itraconazole,and fluconazole are different.Microdilution method from M27-A is suitable for testing the susceptibility of Malassezia in vitro.

Medical mycology a branch of mycology, mainly involves studies on various kinds of pathogenic fungi and fungal infective diseases. With the rapid development of medicine science, medical mycology has drawn great attention from all over the world. China has made substantial contribution to the research of medical mycology in recent years. This article summarized the current status of medical mycology research in China.

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AlM:To observe clinical effects between the laser in situ keratomileusis ( LASlK ) surgery and the laser subepithelial keratomileusis ( LASEK ) surgery as the second operation after an unsuccessful LASlK surgery.METHODS:Forty-nine patients (98 eyes) with refractive regression after LASlK operation received the second surgery. All patients were divided into two groups:group A and B. Group A (48 eyes of 24 patients) received LASlK surgery and group B ( 50 eyes of 25 patients ) received LASEK surgery. lnspect the main parameters included visual acuity, refraction, corneal curvature, and the total value of high-aberration after 1wk, 1mo and 1a, t-test of groups was used as statistical analysis method.RESULTS: There was statistically significant (P<0. 05) between the two groups in visual acuity after 1wk. There was no statistically significant between the two groups in visual acuity after 1mo, and there was also no statistically significant between the two groups in visual acuity, average spherical equivalent refractive degree, average corneal curvature, and the total value of high-aberration after one year (P>0. 05). There developed one case of epithelium in growth after LASlK surgery, and one case of haze Ⅱ after LASEK surgery.CONCLUSlON: Both LASlK and LASEK surgery can obtain satisfactory therapeutic results after an unsuccessful LASlK surgery.

Objective:To analyze the effect of lymphocyte in patients with psoriasis on proliferation of keratinocytes.Methods:Lymphocytes in lesion and peripheral blood were isolated and multiplied,then cultured together with normal keratinocytes. By MTT method,the living cells were counted in the mixed culture.Results:Compared with normal controls, lymphocytes in lesion and peripheral blood of psoriasis both promote the proliferation of keratinocyte(P

Objective To investigate the DNA typing, observe relationship between DNA fingerprinting patterns and serotypes of Cryptococcus neoformans, and find a suitable genotyping standard for Cryptococcus neoformans. Methods Three primers, including CN 1(GTG) 5, CN 2(GACA) 4 and CN 3(GATA) 4, were used to distinguish variations among strains of C.neoformans. Results The distinguishable fingerprinting bands for serotype of C.neoformans were yielded by primer CN 2. Using this primer, of 24 clinical and environmental isolates of serotype A of C.neoformans and 8 standard strains investigated by PCR, 20 strains produced complete identical fingerprinting patterns, the other 4 strains had different fingerprinting patterns. 2 strains of serotype B and C yielded indistinguishable fingerprinting patterns. Conclusions ①The majority of strains of serotype A had similar and stable fingerprinting patterns. ②Some strains of serotype B and C had an indistinguishable fingerprinting patterns. ③The same serotype strains from different sources may produce different DNA fingerprinting patterns. ④The DNA fingerprinting is a rapid, simple and feasible method for identifying Cryptococcus neoformans.

Objective To evaluate the viability of Cryptococcus in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with cryptococcal meningitis.Methods Electron microscopy,animal inocul ation and neutral red staining of the cere-brospinal fluid specimens were empl oyed.Results Transmission electron microscopy r evealed intact cells and budding cells of cryptococcus which appeared frequently during the early treatment.Edema of cytoplasm and d isar-rangement of structure of capsule we re often found during the later thera py.All mice inoculated experimenta lly with the cerebrospinal fluid specimens were positive on direct examination b ut negative in routine culture were i nfected.A definite number of deep blood-red fu ngal cells were observed in many spec imens.Conclusion These findings add a new approach for dynamic studying o f the viability of Cryptococcus in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Crypto-coccal meningitis and provide an imp ortant parameter for evaluating therapeutic effect.

Objective To observe the changes of the outer ce ll wall in resting phase and during sw elling process of conidia of Aspergillus fumigatus,and the distribution of fibronectin receptors on conidia surface.Methods After being harvested with 3.5～4.0?m steel filters,the conidia were resuspended in RPMI 1640+10%FBS medium.The specimens were observed by the scanning electron microscopy after incubation for 0,2,4,6hours a t37℃respectively.The same amount of conidia was resuspendesd in PBS buffer,and put the suspension on 50?g /ml fibronectin coated microtitre plate,after incubation for 3hrs at 37℃,t he conidia were washed three times wi th PBS.Then rabbit antifibronectin antibody and fluorescein isothiocyanate(FITC)conjugated goat anti-rabbit immunoglob-ulin antibody were added,respectiv ely.After digesting with trypsin,t he conidia were washed again with PBS and examined by immuno-confocal microscopy.Results Acharacteristic echinulate pattern of protrusions was shown in the cell wall surface of resting coni dia.During swelling process,the ec hinulate layer of swollen conidia wa s gradually disintegrated,and almost complete ly shed 4hr later.Then,a smooth cell wall layer covered by some strands of fib-rillar material was shown.Binding o f fibronectin to the surface of conid ia was revealed by immuno-confocal m i-croscopy.FITC was homogeneously ad hered to the protrusions on the conid ial outer cell wall layer.Conclusion In resting phase the conidia of A.fumigatus express high levels of fibronectin r eceptors on their surface,they are h o-mogeneously distributed over the ex ternal echinulate layer of the conid ia,and shed gradually during the swe lling process.

Objective:To observe the efficacy and safety of itraconazole in treatment of onychomycosis and its influence on nail growth speed. Methods: In a multicentre open study involving 15 medical units nationwide, patients with onychomycosis were treated with orally itraconazole pulse therapy. At each stage after treatment, the clinical efficacy,mycological efficacy, and side-effects of the therapy and the net growth length of normal nail deck were observed.Results: The therapy had a satisfactory efficacy and prolonged effect in treating onychomycosis for both affected fingers and toe nails. The therapy was effective for onychomycosis infected with dermatophyton, yeast or non-dermatophyton fungus and had a fungus-eliminating-rate of 97.86%. The average net growth length of normal nail deck in affected toe nails was slightly longer than that in finger nails on 6 months and 9 months after treatment.No severe side effects were found. Conclusion: Itraconazole pulse therapy is effective and safe for onychomychosis and can increase nail growth length,especially for toe nails.