OBJECTIVETo study the development of anterior fontanel(AF) in children less than 2 years of age.

METHODThe size of AF of the children under 2 years of age was measured. The criteria were: (1) All the children were singletons and term (37 weeks ≤ gestational age ≤ 40 weeks) at birth, birth weight > 2500 g. (3) Those with intracranial diseases (included trauma and asphyxia) and scalp hematoma were ruled out. (3) Healthy children (without intracranial disease, growth retardation, congenital syndrome or bone metabolic diseases such as rickets).

RESULT(1) The mean value of AF in neonates was 1.5 (0.3 - 2.5) cm, and the average of the AF at 1 month after birth was 2.2 cm, which was the largest one. The size of AF was 1.0 (0.3 - 2.0) cm at age 12 months, and 0.5 (0.3 - 0.7) cm at 24 months. (2) The percentage for the closure of the AF was 3% at 6 months, 26.5% at 12 months, and 93.0% at 24 months. (3) There were no gender differences in the size of the AF (P > 0.05). And the size of AF was not correlated with the development levels of weight, length, and head circumference (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSION(1) The size of AF at 1 month was maximum (2.2 cm), and then decreased by years. The AF was almost closed (93%) at 24 months. (2) There were no gender differences in anterior fontanel (P > 0.05). The size of AF was not correlated with the growth of weight, length, and head circumferences (P > 0.05). (3) The fontanel dimensions should be represented by oblique diameters of the fontanel in clinical pediatrics. (4) The AF closure time needs to be further evaluated in normal children.

Age Factors ; Birth Weight ; Body Height ; Body Weight ; Cephalometry ; methods ; Child Development ; Child, Preschool ; Cranial Fontanelles ; anatomy & histology ; growth & development ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Reference Values

Abstract: Objective　To investigate the clinical characteristics and diagnosis key points of brain abscess caused by Nocardia asiatica, and provide a clinical basis for diagnosing and treating intracranial infection caused by Nocardia. Methods　A case of pulmonary Nocardia asiatica complicated with brain abscess diagnosed at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University was selected to analyze the clinical manifestations, cerebrospinal fluid characteristics, pulmonary and cranial imaging features, and treatment plan, and to summarize the diagnosis and treatment experience. Results　The patient was an elderly woman with a history of diabetes, dry cough was the first symptom without fever or headache. At the beginning of the course, it was diagnosed as pulmonary infection and tuberculosis in the local hospital, and received conventional antimicrobial and anti-tuberculosis therapies, but showed no improvement. The patient developed progressive limb weakness, followed by consciousness disorders, and coma. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) adenosine deaminase and lactate dehydrogenase were not abnormal, CSF pressure, protein and white blood cells were high, mainly with multiple nuclear cells. CSF glucose and chloride were normal in the early stage of the disease, but decreased significantly in the later stage. Metagenomic analysis of cerebrospinal fluid indicated Nocardia asiatica with a specific sequence number of 537. Lung CT showed exudation, abscess, and cavity in the right lung. Skull MRI scan + enhancement suggested multiple scattered abscesses in both cerebral hemispheres. The abscesses were of different sizes and showed ring enhancement, with extensive surrounding edema, and ventricular compression. After treatment with meropenem, linezolid, and compound sulfamethoxazole tablets, the cerebrospinal fluid recovered, and the lesions in the lungs and intracranial structures improved. Conclusions　Brain abscess caused by Nocardia asiatica is similar to the tuberculous brain in clinical symptoms, cerebrospinal fluid examination, craniocerebral imaging, so we should be alert to the possibility of Nocardia infection in patients with diabetes. At the same time, metagenomic testing of the cerebrospinal fluid can help confirm the diagnosis. The mortality and disability rates of brain abscess caused by Nocardia are high. Early diagnosis and treatment can improve the prognosis.

Objective To explore role of 64-slices spiral CT in differetiation of acute chest pains.Methods Thirty six patients with acute chest pains were performed 64-slices spiral CT chest angiography.Two-dimensional and three-dimensional reconstruction was performed in all patients by means of multiplanar reconstruction(MPR)(coronal,sgittal oblique),curved planar reformation(CPR), maximum intensity projection(MIP),and volume rendering(VR).All images were blindly reading by two experienced radiologist.DSA were performed at the same time in 16 cases.Results The coronary artery branches,pulmonary artery and aortic artery in all patients were showed clearly,The acute myocardial infarction were showed in 10 cases,The pulmonary artery embolism in 14 cases,The aortic dissection in 6 cases respectively,The Coronary embolism in One case ,pneumothorax In One case The constrictive pericarditis in 1 case respectively.Normal findings in 4 cases.Conclusion 64-slices spiral CT is a useful and noninvasive examination in acute chest pain.

OBJECTIVETo explore the clinical effects of Dynesys system for the treatment of multiple segment lumbar degenerative disease.

METHODSA total of 28 patients with lumbar degenerative disc disease treated with Dynesys system from December 2008 to May 2011 were retrospectively reviewed. There were 16 males and 12 females, aged from 27 to 75 years old with an average of 49.1 years. Thirteen patients with multiple segmental lumbar intervertebral disc protrusion, including L3-L5 in 7 cases, L2-L4 in 1 case and L4-S1 in 5 cases. Fifteen patients with multiple segmental lumbar spinal stenosis, including L3-L5 in 10 cases, L4-L5 in 4 cases and L2-S1 in 1 case. The symptoms of lumbago and (or) intermittent claudication in all patients were treated with conservative treatments for more than 6 months and these methods did not work. Visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to analyze the lumbar and leg pain, imaging data were used to measure the intervertebral space height and intervertebral motion of fixed segment and upper adjacent segment, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) was used to evaluate the clinical effect.

RESULTSAll operations were successful and the patients were followed up from 38 to 65 months with an average 50.6 months. At final follow-up, ODI and VAS of the low back pain and leg pain were (25.10±6.52)%, (1.25±0.70) points and (1.29±0.89) points, respectively and were decreased compared with preoperative (P<0.05). Postoperative intervertebral space heights were increased and intervertebral motions were decreased in fixed segment compared with preoperative (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in intervertebral space heights and intervertebral motions of upper adjacent segment between preoperative and postoperative (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONDynesys system may obtain long-term clinical curative effect in treating multiple lumbar degenerative disease. It can partially preserve the intervertebral motions of the fixed segments, have little effect on adjacent segments. The long-term clinical effect of Dynesys still need longer time follow-up observation.

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc Degeneration ; pathology ; surgery ; Joint Instability ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Visual Analog Scale

OBJECTIVETo investigate the prevalence of transfusion-transmitted virus (TTV) and human papillomavirus (HPV) co-infection in cervical smears of patients with cervical lesions in littoral of Zhejiang province and analysis of transmitted route.

METHODSNested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) was established. TTV DNA were tested by nPCR in cervical smears of 95 patients with cervical lesions and 55 healthy women, paired serum samples were available from 55 and 42 women, and their viral titer. The genotypes of 95 specimens of cervical cytology were detected with HybriMax. The phylogenetic group of TTV was determined by means of nPCR with N22 primers.

RESULTSThe prevalence of TTV DNA in cervical smears of patients with cervical lesions and healthy women was 52.7% (29/55) and was comparable with that in paired serum sample (50%). Symptomatic women had significantly higher prevalence of TTV DNA in cervical smears (74.7%) than healthy controls (P = 0.005). The TTV DNA prevalence in patient serum samples was 51%. The phylogenetic groups of TTV serum isolates were concordant with those of TTV from cervical smears of the same subjects, and genotype was G1b. The TTV viral titer in cervical smears were 10 to 1000 times as high as in serum. The total infection rate of HPV was 98.9% in patients, and was 27.3% in healthy women. The frequently detected genotype was HPV16, 18, 33 of HSIL, and HPV6 of LSIL. The HPV positive study subjects had significantly higher TTV DNA prevalence than HPV negatives (P = 0.02).

CONCLUSIONHigh prevalence of TTV in cervical smears suggests that sexual transmission is another mode of expansion of TTV infection among the population. The higher viral titer in cervical smears than in the respective serum samples might indicate active TTV replication in the female genital tract. Nevertheless, cooperation between TTV and HPV needs to be further investigated.

Adolescent ; Adult ; DNA Virus Infections ; complications ; epidemiology ; virology ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Papillomavirus Infections ; complications ; epidemiology ; virology ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Torque teno virus ; physiology ; Uterine Cervical Diseases ; epidemiology ; virology ; Vaginal Smears ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVEBased on two sets of data from occupational epidemiology, Benchmark dose (BMD) was applied to estimate biological exposure limit (BEL).

METHODSCadmium exposed workers were selected from a cadmium smelting and a zinc products factory and control group was selected from doctors or nurses and staff from shops living in the same area; Urinary cadmium (UCd) was used as exposure biomarker and urinary beta(2) microglobulin (UBM), NAG (UNAG) and albumin (UALB) were as effect biomarkers. All urine parameters were adjusted by urinary creatinine. Software of BMDS (Version 1.3.2, EPA.U.S) was used to calculate BMD.

RESULTSCalculated abnormal prevalence was based on the upper limit of 95% of effect biomarkers in control group; There are significant dose response relationship between the prevalence of effect biomarkers (UBM, UNAG and UALB) and exposure biomarker (UCd); BEL was 5 microg/g creatinine for UBM as effect biomarker, It consists with the recommendation of WHO; BEL was 3 microg/g creatinine for UNAG as effect biomarker; BEL can be estimated by using the method of BMD; the more sensitive biomarker would used, the more occupational people would protected.

CONCLUSIONThe application of BMD in estimating biological exposure limit (BEL) is proper. UNAG is suggested as most sensitive biomarker to be used to estimate BEL for cadmium exposure.

Acetylglucosaminidase ; urine ; Albuminuria ; urine ; Biomarkers ; urine ; Cadmium ; adverse effects ; urine ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Occupational Exposure ; Reference Values ; beta 2-Microglobulin ; urine

OBJECTIVETo study the possible role of hTERT and c-myc in endometrial carcinogenesis.

METHODSThe expression of hTERT and c-myc mRNA was examined by in situ hybridization of endometrial samples from 14 cases with simple hyperplasia, 10 with complex hyperplasia, 8 with atypical hyperplasia and 42 with endometrioid carcinoma.

RESULTSExpression of hTERT was demonstrated in samples with simple hyperplasia, complex hyperplasia, atypical hyperplasia and carcinoma at frequencies of 2/14, 4/8, 8/10 and 39/42 (92.9%), respectively. The prevalence and intensity of the hTERT signal was greater in the carcinomas and lesions with atypical hyperplasia than those with simple or complex hyperplasia (P < 0.05). The expression of c-myc was demonstrated in samples with simple hyperplasia, complex hyperplasia, atypical hyperplasia and carcinoma at frequencies of 3/14, 1/8, 5/10 and 23/42 (54.8%), respectively. The frequency of c-myc expression was higher in carcinomas and hyperplastic lesions with atypia than those in lesions with simple or complex hyperplasia without atypia (P < 0.05). The expression of hTERT was shown to be correlated with the level of differentiation (P < 0.05), while the c-myc expression appeared to be associated with the depth of myometrial invasion (P < 0.05). The expression levels of hTERT and c-myc were not found to be correlated with each other in the tissues examined (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe expression of hTERT and c-myc may be involved in the progression from the endometrial aypical hyperplasia to invasive carcinoma. The correlation between hTERT and c-myc in endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma are not found.

Adult ; Aged ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; Endometrial Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; Female ; Genes, myc ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Precancerous Conditions ; genetics ; pathology ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis ; Telomerase ; genetics

Acyclovir ; therapeutic use ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; therapeutic use ; Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; Brain Stem ; pathology ; virology ; Encephalitis ; complications ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; virology ; Herpes Zoster ; complications ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; virology ; Herpes Zoster Oticus ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; etiology ; virology ; Humans ; Male ; Methylprednisolone ; therapeutic use ; Middle Aged

To observe the serum samples and the anti-inflammatory effect of Tripterygium wilfordii in treating RA by using the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model, make a correlation analysis on concentration-time and effect-time curves, and explore RORγt, IL-17, STAT3, IL-6 mRNA transcriptional levels in rats by PCR. Methotrexate, tripterine and high-dose T. wilfordii could down-regulate RORγt, IL-17, STAT3, IL-6 mRNA transcriptional levels in AA rat lymph nodes. The study on PK-PD model showed correlations between inflammatory factors and blood concentration of T. wilfordii. T. wilfordii and its main active constituent tripterine could show the inflammatory effect and treat RA by inhibiting IL-17 cytokine.
Animals ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Biomarkers ; Female ; Interleukin-17 ; antagonists & inhibitors ; genetics ; Interleukin-6 ; genetics ; Phytotherapy ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tripterygium ; Triterpenes ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo explore the application value of multi-slice spiral CT angiography (MSCTA) for the preoperative evaluation of laparoscopic right hemicolectomy.

METHODSAbdominal CT slice images of 160 patients(group A) were collected for 3-dimensional reconstruction using volume rendering technique. Interpretation and anatomical classification of the major branches and course of the superior mesenteric artery(SMA) in the reconstructed images of the arterial phase were carried out. Forty-five patients(group B) undergoing laparoscopic right hemicolectomy were evaluated with MSCT combining images obtained from the arterial phase and portal venous phase. The relationship between ileocolic artery and ileocolic vein was analyzed. The preoperative imaging findings were compared to that revealed during the procedure.

RESULTSIn group A, 70(43.8%) out of 160 patents showed anatomical variations of the superior mesenteric artery, of whom 51(31.9%) had two right colic arteries, and 14(8.8%) had two middle colic arteries. Preoperative MSCTA showed that in group B ileocolic artery was running ventrally to ileocolic vein in 13(28.9%) out of 45 patients, while running dorsally in 32(71.1%). Compared to the skeletonized vessels during the procedure, the consistency rate was 100%.

CONCLUSIONAnatomical variations of superior mesenteric artery are common, therefore, multi-slice spiral CT scan is vital for preoperation evaluation.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Angiography ; methods ; Child ; Colectomy ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Male ; Mesenteric Artery, Superior ; diagnostic imaging ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Tomography, Spiral Computed ; methods ; Young Adult