No abstract available.
Chromosome Aberrations* ; Ethylene Oxide* ; Lymphocytes* ; Transferases*

No abstract available.
Pierre Robin Syndrome*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate knowledge, attitude, and compliance regarding hand hygiene according to the profession of ICU health care providers. METHOD: Data were collected by questionnaires and by recording of direct observations of 143 health care providers in 4 intensive care units. Wth SPSS/WIN 12.0 t-test, ANOVA, and chi-square-test were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: The level of knowledge regarding handwashing among the nurses was higher and a more positive attitude was shown compared to physicians. Overall handwashing compliance was low among all ICU health care providers, but nurses had better compliance than any other health care providers and significantly higher frequency for handwashing before care and after care activities. All of professions had lower scores on the appropriate length of time for handwashing and areas that need to be scrubbed. The level for nurses was medium and for physicians, the lowest of all professions. The appropriate agent for handwashing and the method of drying for handwashing compliance was high in all professions. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that multidisciplinary interventions are needed to develop an environment for appropriate handwashing as well as to reinforce importance of handwashing compliance for health care providers.
Compliance ; Delivery of Health Care* ; Hand Disinfection* ; Hand Hygiene ; Health Personnel* ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Questionnaires

PURPOSE: To evaluate the morphologic differential diagnosis of benign and malignant ductal breast tumors, as seen on US. MATERIALS AND METHODS: US findings in 29 pathologically proven cases of ductal breast tumor were retrospectively reviewed. All patients were female and their mean age was 42 years. Nineteen tumors were benign and ten were malignant, and all ductal or cystic lesions showed solid masses. According to the location of the mural nodule, we classified the sonographic appearance of these tumors into three types : intraductal, intracystic and amorphic. The intraductal type was divided into three subtypes: incompletely obstructive, completely obstructive and multiple mural nodules. For the intracystic type, too, three subtypes were designated : the intracystic mural nodule (mural cyst), intracystic mural nodule with the duct (mural cyst+duct) and intracystic multiple mural nodules. The amorphic type is defined as an atypical ductal tumor with the mural nodule extending into adjacent parenchyma. RESULTS: The margin of the duct or cyst was smooth in 68.4% of benign, and irregular in 90% of malignant ductal tumors. Internal echogeneity of the duct or cyst usually showed homogeneity in both benign and malignant tumors. 73.7% of tumors connecting the duct were benign and 50% were malignant. In benign tumors, 52.6% of mural nodule had an irregular margin, while in malignant tumors, the corresponding proportion was 100% ; both types usually showed heterogeneous hypoechogeneity. Among benign tumors, the most common morphologic type was the intraductal incompletely obstructive subtype (36.8%) ; among those that were malignant, the amorphic type was most common, accounting for 40% of tumors. No amorphic type was benign and no incompletely obstructive subtype was malignant. CONCLUSION: When ductal breast tumors are morphologically classified on the basis of sonographic findings, the intraductal incompletely obstructive subtype suggests benignancy, and the amorphic type, malignancy. The morphologic classification of ductal breast tumors based on sonography is therefore useful for the differential diagnosis of benignancy and malignancy.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Classification* ; Diagnosis, Differential* ; Female ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Ultrasonography*

To investigate a population-based survey of the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in South Korea, we performed Papanicolaou smears and tests for HPV DNA and anti-HPV antibody detection in 909 sexually active general women (age range; 20-74 years, median 44 years) who were randomly selected residents from S district of Busan City. The presence of DNA of 36 different HPV types was detected by means of a GP 5+/6+ primer-mediated PCR enzyme immunoassay in cervical exfoliated cells, and IgG antibodies against L1 virus-like particles (anti-VLPs) of 5 HPV types 16, 18, 31, 33, and 58 were tested by means of enzyme linked immunoassay. The incidence of cytologic abnormality was 5.2% in Pap smear. The positive rate of HPV DNA was 10.4%, high in young women younger than 35 years old and proportionally increased according to the cytologic grades. The most often found HPV type was HPV 70, followed by HPV 16 and 33, and high-risk HPV types were more frequent in women younger than 35 years old. The most common HPV type in abnormal cytologic smears was HPV 16, followed by HPV 58 and 66. Anti-VLPs was positive in 19.7% and the frequent anti-VLPs type was against HPV 18, followed by HPV 31 and 16. The concordance between the markers for each specific HPV type was noted in 10 women and HPV 16 was the most frequent one. The incidence of multiple HPV infection was 18.9% and that of multiple anti-VLPs antibodies was 31%. Among 103 self-reported virgins, 4.9% had anti-VLP antibodies.
Adult ; Antibodies ; Busan* ; DNA* ; Female ; Human papillomavirus 16 ; Human papillomavirus 18 ; Humans* ; Immunoassay ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Immunoglobulin G ; Incidence* ; Korea* ; Papanicolaou Test ; Papillomavirus Infections* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Prevalence*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to assess the efficacy of enteroclysis through the previously inserted Miller-Abbott (M-A) tube for decompression in the postoperative intestinal obstruction. MATERIALS & METHODS: This study includes twenty patients who had intestinal obstruction symptoms after operation for benign(12) ormalignant(8) abdominal lesions. Small amount of barium was introduced to M-A tube for enteroclysis. We evaluated the presence, level, degree, and causes of obstruction on enteroclysis, compared with surgical(11) and clinical(9)findings. RESULTS: Obstruction was seen in 18 cases including the two cases in which the level of obstruction wasnot clear. There was no obstruction in two cases. Obstruction on enteroclysis was demonstrated in all 11 operated cases(100% accuracy, 11/11). The level of obstruction on enteroclysis were jejunum in three cases, ileum in seven,and colon in one case. The levels of obstruction on enteroclysis were matched with those in operation field in 10 cases. There were two cases of nonobstruction, nine cases of low-grade partial obstruction, and nine cases of high-grade partial obstruction. We analyzed the findings on enteroclysis regarding causes of obstruction in 16 patients with the findings of adhesive bands of extrinsic cause(9), cancer recurrence of intrinsic cause(6), and bezoar of intraluminal cause(1). Misinterpreted cases were two cases(87.7% accuracy, 14/16). The cause, for nonvisualization of obstruction site on enteroclysis in four patients included technical failure such asin adequate location of tube(1) and bowel overlapping(1), minimal obstruction(1), and nonexistent obstruction(1), in spite of diffuse edematous mucosa. CONCLUSION: Enteroclysis through the M-A tube for decompression in patients with postoperative intestinal obstruction is an useful method for evaluation of intestinal obstruction.
Adhesives ; Barium ; Colon ; Decompression* ; Humans ; Ileum ; Intestinal Obstruction ; Jejunum ; Mucous Membrane ; Recurrence

In order to investigate the relationship among physical status, eating habits and life style, this survey was carried out by questionnaire in 1996. College students(413 cases) who resided in Chuncheon answered. The results are as follows: 1) The means of height and weight were 173.9+/-5.0 cm, 64.5+/-8.3 kg in male students and 160.9+/-4.5 cm, 51.1+/-5.8 kg in female students. 2) Under 20 of BMI(Body Mass Index) were 23.0% of male students and 58.3% of female students. 6.7% of males and 3.0% of females were over 25 of BMI. 3) There was a significant relationship between the type of favorite snacks and gender. There was a significant difference of BMI according to the level of the frequency and the amount of drinking alcoholic beverages. 72.6% of subjects took exercise regularly. But the BMI of subjects taking regular exercise and watching the weight tended to be higher than that of subjects not doing so. 4) Most students(78.5%) skipped breakfast, which was higher in the self-boarding students in than any other. It was because of the lack of time that they skipped their meals. This study suggests that a comprehensive nutrition education program is needed for college students in self-boarding houses and dormitories to improve their eating habits about skipping meals, and especially for female students to prevent inappropriate weight control.
Alcoholic Beverages ; Breakfast ; Drinking ; Eating ; Education ; Female ; Food Habits* ; Gangwon-do* ; Humans ; Life Style ; Male ; Meals ; Snacks ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Lung Neoplasms* ; Lung*

In order to prepare the fundamental data for preventing the hazardous effects at toluene exposure in many kinds of industry, the authors determined the level of urinary hippuric acid on 592 toluene exposed women(exposed group) and 102 unexposed women(control group) in Pusan area, from April 1 to October 31, 1986. Hippuric acid was measured by high performance liquid chromatography. The results were summarized as follows; 1. The mean value of urinary hippuric acid concentration of the control group was 0.44+/-0.21g/l(0.11-0.89g/l). The distribution of urinary hippuric acid concentration of the control group was not fit to the normal distribution. 2. The mean value of urinary hippuric acid concentration of the exposed group was 1.56+/-0.95g/l(0.44-4.57g/l). The distribution of urinary hippuric acid concentration of control group was not fit to the normal distribution. 3. The urinary hippuric acid concentration by age group was not statistically significant in the control group, but in the exposed the urinary hippuric acid concentration was highest in women between 20-29 years old(1.71+/-0.95g/l) and was statistically significant(p<0.01). 4. The urinary hippuric acid concentration by duration of working hours was not statistically significant(p>0.1).
Busan ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Female ; Humans ; Toluene*

The aim of this study was to investigate health-related and eating-related behaviors as part of self-recognized health status. The survey was conducted among 304 elderly people in Chunchon city in 1999. Fifty two percent(52%) of the respondents recognized they were healthy, 32% felt so-so and 16% thought themselves unhealthy. When they felt healthy, they engaged in more social work and regular exercise, had better appetites, lower conflict scores with their children, lower depression, higher satisfaction in life, better physical condition(eye, ear, tooth, mentality and walking), and higher ability of ADL(activities of daily living) and IAD(instrumental activities of daily living). Also, the self-recognized group consumed each food groups (meats, green, yellow and white vegetables, fruits, milks, seaweeds, beans) more often and showed a higher preference of food. The results of this study indicate that self-recognized health status affects every pattern of life among the elderly. As a result, comprehensive education(such as nutrition, health, physical and psychological education) should be offered to the elderly.
Activities of Daily Living ; Aged ; Appetite ; Child ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Depression ; Ear ; Eating* ; Feeding Behavior ; Fruit ; Gangwon-do ; Humans ; Milk ; Social Work ; Tooth ; Vegetables