The authors observed 4 cases of retinitis punctata albescens presented in a family, namely, a sister and 3 brothers of 6 siblings. Typical fundus findings were found in all four patients. Under ordinary illumination, the perripheral visual field was within the limit of normal, but concentrically contracted in 5 to 30 degrees under the reduced illumination.
Humans ; Lighting ; Retinitis* ; Siblings ; Visual Fields

Glaucoma screening is an important means of detecting early cases of glaucoma. It is particularly valuable if targeted either at groups who otherwise do not have access to the health care system or at groups who have the risk factors for glaucoma such as aging, being male and having a medical history of diabetes or vascular diseases. We conducted glaucoma screenings by tonometry and direct ophthalmoscopy in the outpatient department of ophthalmology at Korea University Haewha Hospital and in the homes for the aged that are located in Seoul between Sep. 1987 and Sep. 1989. A total of 282 subjects were screened in the outpatient department and 198 subjects were screened in the homes for the aged. Referral rate was 6.7% and 3.0%, respectively. Groups who have the risk factors showed greater referral rates than groups who have not, but they are not statistically significant(p>0.05).
Aged ; Aging ; Delivery of Health Care ; Glaucoma* ; Homes for the Aged ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Manometry ; Mass Screening* ; Ophthalmology ; Ophthalmoscopy ; Outpatients* ; Referral and Consultation ; Risk Factors ; Seoul ; Vascular Diseases

Glaucoma screening is an important means of detecting early cases of glaucoma. It is particularly valuable if targeted either at groups who otherwise do not have access to the health care system or at groups who have the risk factors for glaucoma such as aging, being male and having a medical history of diabetes or vascular diseases. We conducted glaucoma screenings by tonometry and direct ophthalmoscopy in the outpatient department of ophthalmology at Korea University Haewha Hospital and in the homes for the aged that are located in Seoul between Sep. 1987 and Sep. 1989. A total of 282 subjects were screened in the outpatient department and 198 subjects were screened in the homes for the aged. Referral rate was 6.7% and 3.0%, respectively. Groups who have the risk factors showed greater referral rates than groups who have not, but they are not statistically significant(p>0.05).
Aged ; Aging ; Delivery of Health Care ; Glaucoma* ; Homes for the Aged ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Manometry ; Mass Screening* ; Ophthalmology ; Ophthalmoscopy ; Outpatients* ; Referral and Consultation ; Risk Factors ; Seoul ; Vascular Diseases

The use of succinylcholine chloride(Anectin(R)) prior to intubation, can cause increased contracture of ocular muscles. Therefore the authors studied the change of the squint angle under general anesthesia using pancronium bromide (Myoblock(R)) in 81 horizontal strabismus patients who had no neurologic disease and mechanical restrictions of eye movement. We used the alternative cover test and Krimsky method to measure the eye position under general anesthesia.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General* ; Contracture ; Eye Movements ; Humans ; Intubation ; Muscles ; Strabismus* ; Succinylcholine

Hypotony and choroidal detachment have been found to be the most common complication after trabeculectomy, with a mean onset time of 5.6 days. We experienced five eyes of four patients with glaucoma, which developed a flat anterior chamber, hypotony, and choroidal detachment two to nine days after technically uncomplicated trabeculectomy. After treatment with topical and systemic corticosteroids and mydriatic-cycloplegic eyedrops, four of five eyes showed clinical improvement within six days. The one remaining eye eventually improved after surgical drainage of the choroidal detachment and reformation of the anterior chamber performed on the seventh postoperative day.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; Anterior Chamber ; Choroid* ; Drainage ; Glaucoma ; Humans ; Ophthalmic Solutions ; Trabeculectomy*

Reducing inflammation after photo refractive keratectomy may decrease postoperative pain and reduce corneal haze intensity. We evaluated the effect of the therapeutic lens(T-lens) and collagen shield on stromal inflammation. Adult New Zealand white rabbits were subjected to excimer laser PRK. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes(PMNs) of ablated corneal stroma were counted 10 hours after surgery with a microscope. The number of PMNs in the central cornea was lower in the T-lens group (29.77 +/- 11.6) and collagen shield group(36.77 +/- 5.9) than in the tarsorrhaphy group (75.33 +/- 14.6). Of all the groups, the eyes which were left unpatched showed the most marked infiltration of PMNs into the wound(226.83 +/- 18.2). The T-lens and collagen shield may reduce postoperative corneal haze intensity better than a pressure patch by suppression of stromal inflammation.
Adult ; Collagen* ; Cornea ; Corneal Stroma ; Humans ; Inflammation* ; Lasers, Excimer ; Pain, Postoperative ; Photorefractive Keratectomy* ; Rabbits

Apraclonidine(Iopidine, p-aminoclonidine hydrochloride, ALO 2145) is a peripheral alpha 2 agonist. We evaluated the effect of apraclonidine on IOP and its systemic or ocular side effects in normal subjects. We measured IOP, BP(systolic and diastolic), pulse rate, pupillary size, palpebral fissure width and checked the ocular side effects, such as conjunctival blanching, irritation, and headache, etc. Mean IOP of eyes instilled with 1% apraclonidine fell by 20 +/- 8.5%, from 15.5 +/- 3.9mmHg to 12.4 +/- 2.6 mmHg, 3 hours after instillation. The effect remained up to 7 hours after instillation(p<0.01). Mean IOP of the fellow eyes did not show statistically significant difference, compared with the baseline; but when compared with the placebo group, there was a slight but statistically significant difference(p<0.01) from 3 hours to 7 hours after instillation. There was no significant difference between the eyes instilled with 1% apraclonidine and the placebo in terms of the mean systolic and diastolic BP, pulse rate, pupillary size and palpebral fissure width. Conjunctival blanching was noted in 51.6% of the eyes instilled with 1% apraclonidine. Other side effects noted were headache(25.8%), lid elevation sense(16.1%), lid drooping sense of the fellow eye(6.4%), nausea(9.7%), and irritation(3.2%).
Glaucoma ; Headache ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure*

We evaluate the psychosocial characteristics and primary reason for electing operation in myopic patients who were candidates for photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). The questionnaire data were collected on PRK patients and compared them with similar group of myopia. Most of the PHK patients were unmarried female in their twenties. The most striking demographic chracteristic of PRK sample was that the high proportion of them was highly educated office worker with high socioeconomic status. They were in possession of extroversive character rather than introversive one. They thought that their visual acuity was very serious, and preferred wearing contact lens for visual correction. The most important reason for undergoing PRK was avoiding inconveniences of contact lens or glasses. The other reasons were improving vision, improving appearance, and hoping to change life style with better vision. They were afraid of unpredictability of visual recovery and occurrence of complications, after operation, The results of this study may help analyze the factors that influence the success of PRK and patient's satisfaction.
Eyeglasses ; Female ; Glass ; Hope ; Humans ; Life Style ; Myopia ; Photorefractive Keratectomy* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Single Person ; Social Class ; Strikes, Employee ; Visual Acuity

This study analyzed various aspects of what glaucoma patients think about their quality of life(QOL), knowledge of glaucoma, and compliance to treatment. For the study, survey and multifactorial analysis were performed in 165 patients in 10 subject with 60 questions. After the diagnosis of glaucoma, 25.5% of patients were not satisfied with their life compared with 7.3% of them before the diagnosis. Life satisfaction could be decreased from 3.76 point in Likert scale before the diagnosis to 3.07 point after the diagnosis. Life satisfaction decreased significantly in the highly educated group, in the upper or lower income group, and in those who thought as though they were generally healthy. Beside these results, 87.3% of patients were afraid of losing their vision, 78.2% of the patients who had not been operated preferred medical treatment to surgery.
Compliance ; Diagnosis ; Glaucoma* ; Humans ; Quality of Life*

Antimetabolites that inhibit postoperative fibroblast proliferation increases the success of glaucoma filtration surgery. However, the use of mitomycin C in young patients has not been extensively studied. The effectiveness of initialtrabeculectomy with mitomycin C or uncomplicated glaucoma in patients age 40 years or younger was evaluated in a consecutive series of 15 eyes of 10 patients. Thirteen eyes had juvenile primary open-angle glaucoma and 2 eyes had steroid induced glaucoma. Mitomycin C (0.002%) was applied for 2 to 4 minutes during the surgery. The success rate was evaluated with Kaplan-Meier analysis, and it was 78% at postoperative 9 months. Complications included postoperative hyphema(7 eyes), hypotony (2 eyes), and bleb-related endophthalmitis.
Antimetabolites ; Endophthalmitis ; Fibroblasts ; Filtering Surgery ; Glaucoma ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle ; Humans ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Mitomycin* ; Trabeculectomy*