The authors observed 4 cases of retinitis punctata albescens presented in a family, namely, a sister and 3 brothers of 6 siblings. Typical fundus findings were found in all four patients. Under ordinary illumination, the perripheral visual field was within the limit of normal, but concentrically contracted in 5 to 30 degrees under the reduced illumination.
Humans ; Lighting ; Retinitis* ; Siblings ; Visual Fields

Glaucoma screening is an important means of detecting early cases of glaucoma. It is particularly valuable if targeted either at groups who otherwise do not have access to the health care system or at groups who have the risk factors for glaucoma such as aging, being male and having a medical history of diabetes or vascular diseases. We conducted glaucoma screenings by tonometry and direct ophthalmoscopy in the outpatient department of ophthalmology at Korea University Haewha Hospital and in the homes for the aged that are located in Seoul between Sep. 1987 and Sep. 1989. A total of 282 subjects were screened in the outpatient department and 198 subjects were screened in the homes for the aged. Referral rate was 6.7% and 3.0%, respectively. Groups who have the risk factors showed greater referral rates than groups who have not, but they are not statistically significant(p>0.05).
Aged ; Aging ; Delivery of Health Care ; Glaucoma* ; Homes for the Aged ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Manometry ; Mass Screening* ; Ophthalmology ; Ophthalmoscopy ; Outpatients* ; Referral and Consultation ; Risk Factors ; Seoul ; Vascular Diseases

Glaucoma screening is an important means of detecting early cases of glaucoma. It is particularly valuable if targeted either at groups who otherwise do not have access to the health care system or at groups who have the risk factors for glaucoma such as aging, being male and having a medical history of diabetes or vascular diseases. We conducted glaucoma screenings by tonometry and direct ophthalmoscopy in the outpatient department of ophthalmology at Korea University Haewha Hospital and in the homes for the aged that are located in Seoul between Sep. 1987 and Sep. 1989. A total of 282 subjects were screened in the outpatient department and 198 subjects were screened in the homes for the aged. Referral rate was 6.7% and 3.0%, respectively. Groups who have the risk factors showed greater referral rates than groups who have not, but they are not statistically significant(p>0.05).
Aged ; Aging ; Delivery of Health Care ; Glaucoma* ; Homes for the Aged ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Manometry ; Mass Screening* ; Ophthalmology ; Ophthalmoscopy ; Outpatients* ; Referral and Consultation ; Risk Factors ; Seoul ; Vascular Diseases

The use of succinylcholine chloride(Anectin(R)) prior to intubation, can cause increased contracture of ocular muscles. Therefore the authors studied the change of the squint angle under general anesthesia using pancronium bromide (Myoblock(R)) in 81 horizontal strabismus patients who had no neurologic disease and mechanical restrictions of eye movement. We used the alternative cover test and Krimsky method to measure the eye position under general anesthesia.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General* ; Contracture ; Eye Movements ; Humans ; Intubation ; Muscles ; Strabismus* ; Succinylcholine

The tendency toward significantly higher mean tensions in myopic eyes compared with eyes with emmetropia and hyperopia has been believed. The patients with high myopia have an unusually high risk of the development of open angle glaucoma. But there is little information in the literature concerning the range of refractive error in relation to intraocular pressure. This study was designed to provide this information in Koreans and to assess the possible prognostic value of the refraction in glaucoma. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The mean IOP of all the patient were 15.29 +/- 2.61mmHg. 2. The mean IOP of emmetropic patients with +2.0 to -2.0 diopters, myopic patients with -2.25 to -4.75 diopters, and high myopic patients with greater than -5.0 diopters were each 14.99 +/- 2.62mmHg, 5.64 +/- 2.38mmHg, 16.21 +/- 2.56mmHg, respectively, suggesting that as the degree of myopia became higher, so did the IOP became greater, as supported by a statistical analysis showing significance(p<0.001). 3. The mean IOP of hyperopic patients with greater than +0.5 diopters, emmetropic patients with +0.25 to -0.25 diopters, and myopic patients with greater than -0.5 diopters were each 14.41 +/- 2.61mmHg, 14.94 +/- 2.57mmHg, and 15.60 +/- 2.56mmHg, respectively, suggesting that as the refractive error showed a myopic status, it was accompanied by an increase of IOP, as was also supported by the statistical analysis showing significance(p<0.001). 4. In correlating sex with IOP, it was found that both sexes showed an increase of IOP as the refractive status changed from hyperopia to myopia, also supported by a significant statistical analysis(p<0.001). 5. In correlating age with IOP, each age group showed a general increase in IOP as the refractive status changed from hyperopia to myopia. As the age increased, however, it was not accompanied by an increase in IOP(p<0.001). 6. As the Cup/Disk ratio increased the mean IOP also tended to increase; this finding, however, showed no significance in the statistical analysis(p>0.01).
Emmetropia ; Glaucoma ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle ; Humans ; Hyperopia ; Intraocular Pressure* ; Myopia ; Refractive Errors

Reducing inflammation after photo refractive keratectomy may decrease postoperative pain and reduce corneal haze intensity. We evaluated the effect of the therapeutic lens(T-lens) and collagen shield on stromal inflammation. Adult New Zealand white rabbits were subjected to excimer laser PRK. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes(PMNs) of ablated corneal stroma were counted 10 hours after surgery with a microscope. The number of PMNs in the central cornea was lower in the T-lens group (29.77 +/- 11.6) and collagen shield group(36.77 +/- 5.9) than in the tarsorrhaphy group (75.33 +/- 14.6). Of all the groups, the eyes which were left unpatched showed the most marked infiltration of PMNs into the wound(226.83 +/- 18.2). The T-lens and collagen shield may reduce postoperative corneal haze intensity better than a pressure patch by suppression of stromal inflammation.
Adult ; Collagen* ; Cornea ; Corneal Stroma ; Humans ; Inflammation* ; Lasers, Excimer ; Pain, Postoperative ; Photorefractive Keratectomy* ; Rabbits

We performed scleral grafting with autogenous temporalis fascia and autogenous conjunctiva in 32 patients (32 eyes) in scleral necrosis after pterygium excision. The average age of patients was 54.3 years (range, 38 to 74 years). Nine of them were male and twenty-three were female. The intervals between pterygium excision and scleral necrosis were from 2 months to 23 years (mean, 6.2 years). After the mean follow-up 6.6 months, in 29 eyes graft was stably adhered but in three eyes graft was melted. Conjunctival wound dehiscence and conjunctival necrosis were noticed in three eyes and one eye respectively. There were no cases showing significant difference between the preoperative and the postoperative visual acuity and intraocular pressure. Autogenous temporalis fascia appears to be a good alternative to homologous sclera for scleral reinforcement.
Conjunctiva ; Fascia* ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Male ; Necrosis* ; Pterygium* ; Sclera ; Transplants* ; Visual Acuity ; Wounds and Injuries

Choristoma is a congenital abnormal growth of tissue with components which are not characteristic of the location. Most choristomas often affect tissues of one germinal layer, mainly ectodermal layer, but complex choristoma contains two or more choristomatous tissues(ectodermal, mesodermal and rarely entodermal tissue) except lacking pilosebaceous apparatus. We experienced a case of large bilateral saccular complex choristomas including scleral and episcleral cartilage in the upper part of cornea, limbus and sclera, which was confirmed histopathologically.
Cartilage* ; Choristoma* ; Cornea ; Ectoderm ; Mesoderm ; Sclera

Laser assisted in situ keratomileusis(LASIK) is a widely used technique for correcting high myopia. Its technical methods and excellent clinical results are well known, but its potential risk on the corneal endothelium are poorly known. We used specular microscope to underwent LASIK for the correction of myopia. The mean preoperative refraction was ?4.5 diopters (range, -10.00 to -23.50 diopters.). The average endothelial cell densities were 2,817+/-205 cells/mm2 (mean +/-SD) preoperatively and 2,789+/-211 cells/mm2 3 months postoperatvely, corresponding to fall of 28 cells/mm2. This fall in endothelial cell density was not statistically significant (P>0.05). But significant correlation between the change in cell density and the residual corneal thickness was found(P>0.05). These results suggest that LASIK is a predictable and safe method for correcting high myopia, but care is recommended when doing deep corneal ablation. Long term follow-up may be needed to confirm its safety.
Cell Count ; Endothelial Cells ; Endothelium, Corneal ; Follow-Up Studies ; Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ ; Myopia

This study analyzed various aspects of what glaucoma patients think about their quality of life(QOL), knowledge of glaucoma, and compliance to treatment. For the study, survey and multifactorial analysis were performed in 165 patients in 10 subject with 60 questions. After the diagnosis of glaucoma, 25.5% of patients were not satisfied with their life compared with 7.3% of them before the diagnosis. Life satisfaction could be decreased from 3.76 point in Likert scale before the diagnosis to 3.07 point after the diagnosis. Life satisfaction decreased significantly in the highly educated group, in the upper or lower income group, and in those who thought as though they were generally healthy. Beside these results, 87.3% of patients were afraid of losing their vision, 78.2% of the patients who had not been operated preferred medical treatment to surgery.
Compliance ; Diagnosis ; Glaucoma* ; Humans ; Quality of Life*