ATP sensitive potassium channel(K ATP has been indentified in a variety of tissues and recognized as an important drug target.K ATP channels is composed with a 4∶4 stoichiometry of an inwardly rectifying K + channel(Kir) subunit plus a sulfonylurea receptor(SUR).The characteristics for the SUB2B/Kir 6 1 in vascular are small condutance,ATP insensitivity and activation by added NDP.Therefore,it is refered as NDP dependent K + channel(K NDP ).A lot of endogenous and exogenous vasodilators seem to act through a common pathway by opening K ATP in vascular,which is involved in protein kinase A and C signal transduction pathway.Vascular shows different sensitivity to potassium channel openers(KCO),and the mechanism remains to be determined.In this review,a summary of K ATP in vascular is presented with molecular structure,KCO selectivity to tissue,signal pathway,electrophysiological and pharmacological properties.

Objective: To summarize our clinical experience on treating bladder transitional cell carcinoma with orthotopic ileal neobladder after radical cystectomy and to report the long-term follow-up results. Methods: From Jan. 1988 to Dec. 2006, 61 patients (49 male and 12 female) with a mean age of 64.0±5.6 years (range 54 to 78) were subjected to orthotopic ileal neobladder construction after cystectomy. The entire length of ileum was opened along the antimesenteric border, placed into a transverse "U" shape, and sutured with a running suture. The lateral borders of the "U" shape bottom were used to surround the urethra and were sutured with the interrupted suture from "inside" the neobladder for the ileourethral anastomosis. The ureters were implanted from inside the neobladder through a-small incision into the ileum at a convenient site, and were embedded in a mucosal sulcus. The perioperation mortality, complications, urinary continence, renal function, image findings, and urodynamic examination were all retrospectively evaluated. Results: One patient (1.6%) died during perioperation period and all the others were followed up for 12-168 months. Totally 13 patients (21.3%) died during follow-up. The complications included renal inadequacy (11 patients), ureteroileal obstruction (9 patients), ureteral reflux (6 patients), urine leakage (5 patients), bleeding (4 patients), incisional hernia (4 patients), urethral stricture (3 patients), and urethral recurrence (1 patient). After 60 months follow-up, 42 patients had a satisfactory urinary continence. Conclusion: After long-term follow-up, we conclude that the ileal neobladder is a satisfactory method for treatment of invasive bladder cancer after radical cystectomy; it has less complication and is clinically valuable.

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Facial Nerve Injuries ; etiology ; Female ; Male ; Rabbits

OBJECTIVETo discriminate and determine of the artificial bear bile of the compound bile capsule.

METHODTaking the pharmacopoeia as reference, the artificial bear bile was discriminated and determined by HPLC.

RESULTThe compound bile capsule and the control sample had chromatographic peak at the same time from HPLC. The content of the artificial bear bile was above 10 mg per tablets.

CONCLUSIONThe artificial bear bile of compound bile capsules can be discriminated effectively and determined accurately by HPLC method.

Animals ; Bile ; chemistry ; Capsules ; analysis ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Discriminant Analysis ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Taurochenodeoxycholic Acid ; analysis ; Ursidae

Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the male urinary system as well as the second leading cause of cancer death in men. Prostate specific antigen (PSA) screening is the main method for the early diagnosis of prostate cancer, but has a low specificity for its detection. In recent years, a variety of tumor markers with high sensitivity and specificity have been found. This review focuses on some of the more promising tumor biomarkers such as prostate cancer antigen 3, early prostate cancer antigen, prostate-specific membrane antigen, alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase, and vascular endothelial growth factor.
Antigens, Neoplasm ; blood ; Antigens, Surface ; blood ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; blood ; Early Detection of Cancer ; GPI-Linked Proteins ; blood ; Glutamate Carboxypeptidase II ; blood ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasm Proteins ; blood ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; blood ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; Racemases and Epimerases ; blood ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; blood

Ear Diseases ; congenital ; surgery ; therapy ; Ear, External ; abnormalities ; Ear, Middle ; abnormalities ; Humans

Objective Discusses the clinical effect of makes the micro fistula after Pi Shenjing the holmium laser lithotrity treatment kidney stone and the complication prevention measure. Method Under the color ultra locali-zatiun puncture,and after making the micro fistual,uacs the wolf sign(WOLF)8/9.8 F ureter hard mirror,apphes the holmium laser stone crusher,the power establishes in 12～20 W,carries on crushed stone parallel conjunction Shi Qianqu the stone. Results This group of 103 examples,the even puncture is successful. The single channel crushed stone takes the stone 97 examples, the double channel takes the stone 6 examples. The complete case main stone is taken out, the pure renal pelvis or the calyx stone takes leads is 96% only, sends, the cast or the antler stone takes on-ly leads is 67%. Surgery time is 90～150 min generally,the special 1 example 7 hours,in the technique the obvious oozing of blood 5 examples,the surgery ended when the serious massive hemorrhage 1 example,changed the opening surgery, the excision trouble kidney,periphery did not have the internal organs damage and the death case. After the technique,is hospitalized the time is 7 ~ 15 d. After the technique,pcor character in vitro seismic wave crushed stone case. Makes a follow-up visit the complete case 2 ~ 6 months, hematuria, frequent micturition, the urine pain and the waist ache symptom vanishes,non-stone recrudescence. Conclusion Micro makes the fistula after Pi Shenjing the liolmium laser lithotrity has the wound to be small,the complication few,restores,unvoiced aspirated consonants to e-liminate the stone rate high quickly, the curative effect accurate and so on merits, is worth the clinical promoted use.

Adult ; Aged ; Antigens, CD34 ; metabolism ; Chondrosarcoma, Mesenchymal ; metabolism ; pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemangiopericytoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Meningeal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Meningioma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; Solitary Fibrous Tumors ; metabolism ; pathology ; Vimentin ; metabolism ; Young Adult

The objective of cancer screening is to reduce the risk of death, i.e., mortality from cancer among individuals subjected to screening. For cervical and colorectal cancer, the screening test is aimed at detection of preinvasive lesions. Therefore, reduction in the incidence of invasive disease also results from screening. In a national cancer control program, the programs should be orgainzed to ensure that a large proportion of the target group is screened and that those individuals in whom abnormalities are abserved receive appropriate diagnosis and therapy. Agreement should be reached on guidelines to be applied in the national cancer control program. When establishing appropriate cancer screening recommendations several factors should be considered. ① For establishing the starting age, age-specific incidence and mortality rate, life lost person-years, and cost-effectiveness can be considered. ② For frequency of screening, it is necessary to understand the natural history of disease. ③ For choosing the best test tool, sensitivity and specificity, compliance, cost, and adverse effects can be considered. It seems that doctors' willingness to participate is essential for a successful cancer screening program. They should understand the rationale of cancer secreening, its effectiveness, and the risk.
Colorectal Neoplasms ; Compliance ; Diagnosis ; Early Detection of Cancer* ; Incidence ; Korea* ; Mass Screening ; Mortality ; Natural History ; Sensitivity and Specificity