● AIM: To explore the role that hepatocyte growth factor plays in proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) after retinal detachment.● METHODS: The contents of hepatocyte growth factor in subretinal fluid (SRF) in 49 cases with retinal detachment were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.● RESULTS: With the worsening of PVR and vitreous opacity and prolonging of disease course, the content of hepatocyte growth factor increased (P＜0.05), the difference being statistically significant.● CONCLUSION: The change of hepatocyte growth factor in SRF had a close relation ship with the occurrence and development of PVR after retinal detachment.

Objective:To observe the efficacy and safety of itraconazole in treatment of onychomycosis and its influence on nail growth speed. Methods: In a multicentre open study involving 15 medical units nationwide, patients with onychomycosis were treated with orally itraconazole pulse therapy. At each stage after treatment, the clinical efficacy,mycological efficacy, and side-effects of the therapy and the net growth length of normal nail deck were observed.Results: The therapy had a satisfactory efficacy and prolonged effect in treating onychomycosis for both affected fingers and toe nails. The therapy was effective for onychomycosis infected with dermatophyton, yeast or non-dermatophyton fungus and had a fungus-eliminating-rate of 97.86%. The average net growth length of normal nail deck in affected toe nails was slightly longer than that in finger nails on 6 months and 9 months after treatment.No severe side effects were found. Conclusion: Itraconazole pulse therapy is effective and safe for onychomychosis and can increase nail growth length,especially for toe nails.

Objective To investigate the DNA typing, observe relationship between DNA fingerprinting patterns and serotypes of Cryptococcus neoformans, and find a suitable genotyping standard for Cryptococcus neoformans. Methods Three primers, including CN 1(GTG) 5, CN 2(GACA) 4 and CN 3(GATA) 4, were used to distinguish variations among strains of C.neoformans. Results The distinguishable fingerprinting bands for serotype of C.neoformans were yielded by primer CN 2. Using this primer, of 24 clinical and environmental isolates of serotype A of C.neoformans and 8 standard strains investigated by PCR, 20 strains produced complete identical fingerprinting patterns, the other 4 strains had different fingerprinting patterns. 2 strains of serotype B and C yielded indistinguishable fingerprinting patterns. Conclusions ①The majority of strains of serotype A had similar and stable fingerprinting patterns. ②Some strains of serotype B and C had an indistinguishable fingerprinting patterns. ③The same serotype strains from different sources may produce different DNA fingerprinting patterns. ④The DNA fingerprinting is a rapid, simple and feasible method for identifying Cryptococcus neoformans.

Objective To evaluate the viability of Cryptococcus in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with cryptococcal meningitis.Methods Electron microscopy,animal inocul ation and neutral red staining of the cere-brospinal fluid specimens were empl oyed.Results Transmission electron microscopy r evealed intact cells and budding cells of cryptococcus which appeared frequently during the early treatment.Edema of cytoplasm and d isar-rangement of structure of capsule we re often found during the later thera py.All mice inoculated experimenta lly with the cerebrospinal fluid specimens were positive on direct examination b ut negative in routine culture were i nfected.A definite number of deep blood-red fu ngal cells were observed in many spec imens.Conclusion These findings add a new approach for dynamic studying o f the viability of Cryptococcus in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Crypto-coccal meningitis and provide an imp ortant parameter for evaluating therapeutic effect.

This paper reports 20 patients with cryptococcal meningitis,which were misdiagnosed before anti-fungal therapy,and the majority of them was diagnosed as tuberculous meningitis or viral meningitis.These patients were treated either with amphotericin B or fluconazale alone,or in combina- tion with flucytosine respectively,of the 15 patients could be evaluated,10 were cured(66.7%),2 im- proved(13.3%),3 died(20%),1 relapsed(10%).The mortality rate among the under age group and the aged group was significantly higher than that of the adult group(71.4% vs 23%).It is the authors' experience that in the early stage intrathecal amphotericin B combines with intravenous fluoconazole and changes to oral fluconazole or itraconazole in the later stage may be a valuable approach for cryptococcal meningitis.

Objective To observe the influence of Angongniuhuang injection on the level of in- terleukin-1?(IL-1?),intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1),serum protein S100B and neuron specific enolase (NSE) after brain injury to explore its protective effect on the injured brain tissues. Methods Brain contusion model was made in rats by Feeney's method.Then,the levels of IL-1?and ICAM-1 in the brain tissues and the levels of serum protein S100B and NSE in serum were measured by ELISA method at different time points.Results The level of IL-1?and ICAM-1 in brain tissues and that of S100B protein and NSE in serum in treatment group were lower than that in control group 6-48 hours after injury (P＜0.05).Conclusion Angongniuhuang injection can alleviate inflammatory re- sponse after brain injury and protect effectively brain tissues.

Objective:To study the relationship between susceptibilities of Trichophyton rubrum strains to antifungal agents and their species specificities.Methods: The susceptibilities of Trichophyton rubrum strains to itraconazole,ketoconazole,fluconazole,terbinafine,naftifine,5-flucytosine and amphotericin B were evaluated using a modified microdilution method.The relationship between susceptibilities and genotypes and phenotypes of Trichophyton rubrum strains with different origins was analyzed by random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD).Results: The Trichophyton rubrum strains showed narrow minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) ranges to terbinafine(0.016-0.032 ?g/ml),naftifine(0.032-0.063 ?g/ml) and itraconazole(0.25-1 ?g/ml),whereas they showed broader MIC ranges to ketoconzole(0.25-2 ?g/ml)and fluconazole(1-32 ?g/ml).MICs of Trichophyton rubrum strains to terbinafine(M_0=0.032 ?g/ml) and naftifine(M_0=0.032 ?g/ml) were the lowest among 7 antifungal agents.Wilcoxon test(Kruskal-Wallis test) suggested that there was no significant relationship of MICs to terbinafine,naftifine,itraconazole and amphotericin B with the genotypes,phenotypes and origins of the Trichophyton rubrum strains.Conclusion: The antifungal susceptibility of Trichophyton rubrum strains may not be related to their genotypes,phenotypes or from which part of the body they are isolated.

Objective To investigate the phenotypes and expression of activated T-cell membrane molecules on lymphocytes in the peripheral blood(PB) of children with aplastic anemia (AA) and find out its clinical significance.Methods The lymphocytes from PB of the 115 AA patients were analyzed by flow cytometry and compared with normal group.Results The expression of CD8+ increased and the expression of CD4+ decreased. The ratio of CD4/CD8 cells decreased ,and was more significant in the patients with serious AA(SAA). The expression of HLA-DR and ??T-cell also increased, and was more significant in SAA patients. The expression of CD3+ was not significantly changed.Conclusions There is significant immune abnormal in AA patients and more important in SAA patients. The immunosuppressant is useful in clinical treatment.

AlM:To investigate the opportunity of the concomitant strabismus operation and the function in the treatment of strabismic amblyopia through analyzing the changes of binocular summation of pattern visual evoked potential ( P-VEP ) before and after the surgery of concomitant strabismus.
METHODS: ln this retrospective study we investigated 67 cases admitted in our hospital. All patients were less than 18a and the postoperation squint angle was less than ± 10△. Patients were divided into three groups according to the strabismus type, age, and amblyopia degree. P-VEP binocular summation response was recorded in all cases, to observe the changes of the binocular summation response of P-VEP before strabismus surgery and 1mo, 3mo after surgery. The P-VEP response of binocular /monocular ( B/M ) ratio was taken as an evaluation index.
RESULTS: B/M value of three groups all improved obviously 1mo after surgery, which the difference showed statistical significant (P<0. 01). 1) After 3mo surgery, B/M value in esotropia group was higher than that in exotropia group (P<0. 05). 2) After 3mo surgery, B/M value in≤6a group was higher than that in >12a group (P<0. 05). 3) After 1mo surgery, B/M value in severe amblyopia group was higher than that in mild group (P<0. 05). After 3mo surgery, B/M value in severe amblyopia group was higher than that in mild group significantly (P<0. 01).
CONCLUSlON: Concomitant strabismus surgery is suggested to be performed before 6 years old when the patients are difficult to improve the vision after amblyopia treatment, especially with the severe amblyopia and esotropia (accommodative esotropia must be excluded). The early operation is better to amblyopia treatment and binocular vision recovery.

This article is to study the interaction between amphotericin B and 5-flucytosine to yeasts in vitro. The checkerboard microdilution method was applied to study in vitro interaction according to M27-A method of NCCLS. Twenty-eight strains of yeasts were used for combination study. Compared with the single agents,there were significant reductions in the geometric mean of the minimal inhibitory concentration of the combination(P