At the time in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer, patients with unsuitable endometrium recovered by hormone. However, the overtreatment of hormone causes indispositionly the uterus internal secretion and finally induces endometriosis. Therefore, this study was done to inverstigate the effects of interleukin-2, which was known to differentiator and proliferator of T cells, on proliferation of the endometrial stromal cells in vitro. We have exammined the effects of interleukin-2, on the proliferation of bovine endometrial stromal cells in vitro, assessed by ['H]-thymidine incorporation and MTT assay methods. Results indicate that we isolated endometrial stromal cells from bovine uterus and established in vitro culture system. And interleukin-2 showed distint stimulatory effect on proliferation of the established stromal cells. These stimulative effects were not affected by estrogen and progesterone indirectly. In conclusion, these data imply that interleukin-2 may proliferate bovine endometrial stromal, cells, and it provides clue for understanding of direct actions of cytokines on the endometriat cells.
Cytokines ; Embryo Transfer ; Endometriosis ; Endometrium ; Estrogens ; Female ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Humans ; Interleukin-2 ; Interleukins* ; Progesterone ; Stromal Cells* ; T-Lymphocytes ; Uterus

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Tissue Culture Medium 199 (TCM) and Dulecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) on the blastulation and grade of human oocytes on Vero cells in vitro. A cohort of 79 and 93 oocytes in metaphase II stage were used in TCM 199 and DMEM respectively. No differences were found in the nurser of oocytes showing two-pronuclei between TCM (82.3%) and DMEM (86.0%). The number of fertilized oocytes reaching the blastocyst was not significant in TCM (60.0%) and DMEM (63.1%).4 total of 89 blastocysts were categorized into the four grades (BG1, BG2, BG3 and early) depending on their morphology. The number of embryos achieving the blastocyst grade 1 (BG1) was significantly higher (p<0.05) in DMEM (50.8%) than TCM (15.0%). It is concluded that cultured oocytes in DMEM with glutamine on Vero cells should be significantly increased BG1.
Blastocyst ; Cohort Studies ; Eagles ; Embryonic Structures* ; Glutamine* ; Humans* ; Metaphase ; Oocytes ; Vero Cells*

Inflammatory polyposis of the colon is rare portion of the colon polyp entity. We experienced three patieats who suffered from colitis of unknown'etiology and discovered membranous retkular with/ without filiform polyp in the distal sigmoid colon of the them. Case 1, 56-year-old female, combined with basaloid cercinoma of the rectal canal that confirmed by pathology after abdominoperineal resection. So we obtained specimen of inflammtory polyp end tried to evaluate the mechanism of it. We found healed ulcer under the mucosal bridge. Case 2. 55-year-old male, had been suffered from irritable bowel syndrome. Prior to visit outpatient clinic, he complained tenesmus with diarrhea for a week. Inflammatory polyp was discovered by colonoacopy but his symptoms relieved by tranqulizers only. Case 3. 57-year-old male, has been a good health. He undertook colonoscopy for routine check thst revealed membranous reticular with filiform inflammatory polyp from distal sigmoid colon to hepatic flexure. Such shape of inflammatory polyp was not documented in Korea, so we reported three cases of it with review of the literature.
Ambulatory Care Facilities ; Colitis ; Colon* ; Colon, Sigmoid ; Colonoscopy ; Diarrhea ; Female ; Humans ; Irritable Bowel Syndrome ; Korea ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pathology ; Polyps* ; Ulcer

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate knowledge, attitude, and compliance regarding hand hygiene according to the profession of ICU health care providers. METHOD: Data were collected by questionnaires and by recording of direct observations of 143 health care providers in 4 intensive care units. Wth SPSS/WIN 12.0 t-test, ANOVA, and chi-square-test were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: The level of knowledge regarding handwashing among the nurses was higher and a more positive attitude was shown compared to physicians. Overall handwashing compliance was low among all ICU health care providers, but nurses had better compliance than any other health care providers and significantly higher frequency for handwashing before care and after care activities. All of professions had lower scores on the appropriate length of time for handwashing and areas that need to be scrubbed. The level for nurses was medium and for physicians, the lowest of all professions. The appropriate agent for handwashing and the method of drying for handwashing compliance was high in all professions. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that multidisciplinary interventions are needed to develop an environment for appropriate handwashing as well as to reinforce importance of handwashing compliance for health care providers.
Compliance ; Delivery of Health Care* ; Hand Disinfection* ; Hand Hygiene ; Health Personnel* ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip* ; Ceramics* ; Hip*

It has been shown that wornen with endometriosis have several immunological defects. The effect of interleukin-2 (IL-2) for the treatment of induced endometriosis in rat was studied. The results obtained are as followings: proliferation of epithelium is increased, and the inner surface is undulated with 1.5 nM IL-2. In 7.5 nM IL-2, the epithelial cells are changed to columar ones, and secretory hobs are observed at the apex of individual cell. Secretory activity of epithelium is increased with 0.5 nM IL-2, and apoptosis of the epithelial cell is observed in 15 nM IL-2. The levels of progesterone and estradiol in sera of rat were increased after treatment with IL-2 and were highest in the concentration of 1.5 nM IL-2. The results of this study can be a guide in the development of new therapeutic approaches for the treatment of endometriosis.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Endometriosis ; Epithelial Cells ; Epithelium ; Estradiol ; Female ; Interleukin-2* ; Progesterone ; Rats*

Esophageal perforation is a rare disease, which require emergent diagnosis and therapeutic procedure. In this paper, we present one case of esophageal perforation by traction of toothbrush which was swallowed during pharyngeal irritation. After the toothbrush was inserted to stomach by gastroscope, gastrostomy was performed for removal of toothbrush and the esophageal perforation was repaired by operation.
Diagnosis ; Esophageal Perforation* ; Gastroscopes ; Gastrostomy ; Rare Diseases ; Stomach ; Traction

PURPOSE: The neuroprotective effects of erythropoietin (EPO) have been recently shown in many animal models of brain injury, including hypoxic-ischemic (HI) encephalopathy, trauma, and excitotoxicity; however, limited data are available for such effects during the neonatal periods. Therefore, we investigated whether recombinant human EPO (rHuEPO) can protect against perinatal HI brain injury via an antiapoptotic mechanism. METHODS: The left carotid artery was ligated in 7-day-old Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat pups (in vivo model). The animals were divided into 6 groups: normoxia control (NC), normoxia sham-operated (NS), hypoxia only (H), hypoxia+vehicle (HV), hypoxia+rHuEPO before a hypoxic insult (HE-B), and hypoxia+rHuEPO after a hypoxic insult (HE-A). Embryonic cortical neuronal cell culture of SD rats at 18 days gestation (in vitro model) was performed. The cultured cells were divided into 5 groups: normoxia (N), hypoxia (H), and 1, 10, and 100 IU/mL rHuEPO-treated groups. RESULTS: In the in vivo model, Bcl-2 expressions in the H and HV groups were lower than those in the NC and NS groups, whereas those in the HE-A and HE-B groups were greater than those of the H and HV groups. The expressions of Bax and caspase-3 and the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 were in contrast to those of Bcl-2. In the in vitro model, the patterns of Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase-3 expression and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio were similar to the results obtained in the in vivo model. CONCLUSION: rHuEPO exerts neuroprotective effect against perinatal HI brain injury via an antiapoptotic mechanism.
Animals ; Anoxia ; Apoptosis ; Brain ; Brain Injuries ; Carotid Arteries ; Caspase 3 ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Cells, Cultured ; Erythropoietin ; Humans ; Models, Animal ; Neurons ; Neuroprotective Agents ; Pregnancy ; Rats

PURPOSE: Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a common causative agent of community acquired pneumonia in children and is well known to cause various respiratory and extrapulmonary diseases. We determined whether growth factors, including transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-BB) that regulate airway fibrosis and remodeling, are increased in young children with M. pneumoniae pneumonia and also investigated if there was any difference in relation to the clinical status of the patients. METHODS: Fifty-two patients (3 to 6 years of age) who were admitted with M. pneumoniae pneumonia were enrolled and divided into 2 groups: the patients with frequent wheezing episodes (group A, n=28) and the patients with no previous history of wheeze (group B, n=24). The former group included the patients who had recurrent wheeze more than 3 times before admission. Fifteen children admitted with minor surgical problems were also studied as controls. TGF-beta1 and PDGF-BB were measured in the plasma samples collected on admission using ELISA in both patient groups and controls. RESULTS: Plasma TGF-beta1 and PDGF-BB levels were increased significantly in the patients with M. pneumoniae pneumonia as compared to the controls (P<0.01, respectively). TGF-beta1 and PDGF-BB were higher in group A than in group B, but the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.08 vs. P=0.05). In group A, TGF-beta1 was significantly higher in atopic patients than in non-atopic patients (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Our study showed significantly increased TGF-beta1 and PDGF-BB in patients with M. pneumoniae pneumonia. It is suggested that these growth factors may play an important role in the pathogenesis of lower airway infection by M. pneumoniae.
Child ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Fibrosis ; Humans ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Mycoplasma ; Mycoplasma pneumoniae ; Plasma ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor ; Pneumonia ; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis ; Respiratory Sounds ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; Transforming Growth Factors

PURPOSE: Resveratrol (trans-3,4',5-trihydroxystilbene), abundant in skin of grapes and red wines, has been known to protect heart cells from hypoxia/ischemia injury through its anti-oxidant properties and may also exert its cardioprotective action. There, to date, are no reports about the relationship with nitric oxide (NO)-mediated mechanism. Therefore, we investigated whether resveratrol can regulate the expression of NO synthase (NOS) in an in vitro hypoxic model of cultured H9c2 cardiomyoblasts. METHODS: The cultured H9c2 cardiomyoblasts were divided into four groups: a normal control group, a hypoxic group, two groups each treated with resveratrol before and after hypoxic insult. The control cells were placed in 5% CO2 incubator, and the hypoxic and resveratrol-treated groups were placed in 1% O2 incubator. NO activity was determined for all three isoforms of NOS; induced NOS (iNOS), endothelial NOS (eNOS), and neuronal NOS (nNOS) using real-time PCR. RESULTS: The expressions of iNOS and eNOS were decreased in the hypoxic group compared to the control group, whereas the expression of nNOS was greater in the hypoxic group than in the control group. In contrast, the group treated with resveratrol before hypoxic insult showed increased expressions of iNOS and eNOS as compared to the hypoxic group. CONCLUSION: The results of the present study demonstrate that activation of iNOS and eNOS, but not nNOS, may be one of the mechanisms involved in the protective effect on resveratrol against hypoxic myocardial injury.
Anoxia ; Heart ; Incubators ; Neurons ; Nitric Oxide Synthase* ; Nitric Oxide* ; Protein Isoforms* ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Skin ; Vitis ; Wine