ve To understand the impacts of industrial fluoride-induced pollution on environment and human health. Methods The contents of fluorides in environmental media, such as air, soil, vegetables, weeds, branches and leaves in area around a certain chemical factory (polluted area) were monitored. The prevalance of dental fluorosis, the contents of fluorides in hair and nail were investigated among 87 individuals without history of exposure to industrial fluorides, living in polluted area for more than 5 years, and 132 individuals in control area. Results Higher fluoride levels in environmental medias, higher prevalance rates of dental fluorosis, high contents of fluorides in hair and nails of population were found in polluted area compared with those in control area. Conclusion The in-dustrial fluoride-induced pollution from this chemical factory had resulted in the hazardous impacts on environmental quality and human health.

Purpose:To study the malignant probability of a solitary thyroid nodule,probable risk factor,the status of B-mode ultrasonography,computed tomography,fine needle aspiration and frozen section in the operation and other adjuvant examination in the diagnosis.Methods:In the retrospective analysis of 902 cases of solitary thyroid nodule treated by surger- y and diagnosed by pathology in the Cancer Hospital of Fudan University from March 1998 to May 2001,we analyzed the value of B-mode ultrasonography,computed tomography,fine needle aspiration and frozen section in the operation and com- pared them with the final pathological conclusion.Results:This disease occurred mostly in 20～50 years old women,while the malignant nodules occurred more frequently in men(P50 years) (P50 years) is a risk factor.B-mode ultrasonography can be used as routine preoperative examination.CT is valuable in the cases with metastasis to neck lymph nodules.With FNA the pathological diagnosis of the nodule suspected to be malignant can be made preoperatively.

Acute Coronary Syndrome ; therapy ; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; Humans ; No-Reflow Phenomenon ; prevention & control

Humans ; Neck Dissection ; methods

[Objective]To retrospectively analyze 39 cases of surgical treatment of fibrous dysplasia of proximal femur,in order to propose a partition method which can be used to guide the surgical treatment,and probe the surgical treatment strategy according to the partition method of fibrous dysplasia of proximal femur. [Methods]The data on 39 cases of fibrous dysplasia of proximal femoral from 1998 to 2009 were retrospectively analyzed.The study determined extent of the lesion according to preoperative X-ray film and proposed partitioning method in accordance with the scope of proximal femoral involvement,analyzed the relation of partition type and surgical treatment,and evaluated the effect of surgical treatment through the postoperative localized lesions control and functional score(MSTS 93).[Results]According to the scope of 39 cases of lesions,combined with characteristics of proximal femoral anatomy,proximal femur was divided into four zones: area I,femoral shaft(below small protuberance);area II,intertrochanteric(small rotor to the neck base division);area III,femoral neck;area IV,the femoral head.Based on the above partition,lesions were divided into 7 types,type I,type II,type III,type I + II,type II + III,type II + III + IV,type I + II + III,type I + II + III + IV.Surgical treatment was performed mainly with curettage of bone lesions,bone grafting and fixation.Internal fixation included DHS,intramedullary nails,and artificial joint replacement,DHS was most common in area II involvement(57.58%),followed by area III involvement(24.24%).Intramedullary nail was most common in area I involvement(64.70%) and area II involvement(35.30%).For lesions involving ≥3 zones,joint replacement was carried out.The patients were all followed up,with a median time of 6.3 years(0.5-11 years).Local recurrence rate was12.82%(5 / 39),local deformity was not found deterious.The followed up results were satisfactory.The selected treatment was reasonable.[Conclusion]When making a surgical treatment regimen for fibrous dysplasia of the proximal femur,Surgeons should consider lesion characteristics,and choose a reasonable internal fixation to achieve better surgical results.Partition method proposed in this paper can be formulated as one of preoperative surgical treatment options.

Acute Disease ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Ivermectin ; analogs & derivatives ; poisoning ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND: Segmental defect of mandible is often caused by tumor, trauma and other reasons. Simultaneous mandibular defect by vascularized fibular flap is the most important repair method at present. It is not only useful for the reconstruction with titanium plates, but also useful for small titanium plates for fixation. Clinical retrospective studies have shown that there is no significant difference in postoperative complication rate between patients with the two fixation methods, but relevant biomechanics studies are still lacking at present. OBJECTIVE: The three-dimensional finite element analysis was used to analyze the stress distribution and stability on mandibular segmental defects simulated fibular flaps grafted with reconstruction plates and miniplates fixation. METHODS: A healthy adult male with complete dentition was selected for CT scan and data were input into the computer to reconstruct the mandible and dentition model. Three types of 3D models were built for mandibular defects dependent on Jewer’s classification, including models H (loss of lateral mandible, mandibular angle, ascending branch of mandible, and condyles), L (loss of unilateral mandible) and C (loss of bilateral mandible chin). Mechanical distribution features and stability of fixation with reconstruction plates and miniplates were comparatively studied after fibular repair of mandibular segmental defects. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The stress graphs showed that stress was mostly higher in surrounding areas of normal mandibles such as condyle, condylar neck, mandibular angle, molar and titanium screws. In particular, the stress was highest near mandibular angles. (2) For type-H defect, the great stress was generated near the mandibular angles when mandible was reconstructed with reconstruction plate, and the stress value was 185 MPa. The stress values approximately ranged from 117 to 135 MPa on type-H and type-L defects with miniplates. The maximum stress of fibula block was less than 30.4 MPa, and the maximum stress of titanium nail was 56.2 MPa. (3) The relative displacements approximately varied between 15 µm and 18 µm on the fracture sides after repair with type-H and type-L defects with miniplates and reconstruction plates. Almost no relative displacement was generated on the fracture sides after type-C mandibular defects. (4) Both titanium reconstruction plates and titanium miniplates could meet biomechanical requirements for fibular repair of H, C, and L defects.

With increasing demands and recognition, emergency medicine has advanced rapidly in China in recent decades. The education and training of professionals in this field are important for the further development of emergency medicine. With an attempt to investigate the way to strengthen residency training system in emergency medicine, this article reviews its potential development direction, training modes, learning materials, and quality control.
China ; Emergency Medicine ; education ; organization & administration ; Internship and Residency ; methods ; standards ; trends

Evidence-Based Medicine ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

Coronary Disease ; therapy ; Humans ; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention