The purpose of glaucoma filtering surgery is to maintain low intraocular pressure that do not damage to the optic nerve. The failure of filtering surgery commonly result from scarring process at filtering site. 5-Fluorouracil and methotrexate are anti metabolites capable of inhibiting fibroblast proliferation. We aim to evaluate the inhibitory effect of the 5-fluorouracil and methotrexate subconjunctival injection into gelfoam, embeded suibconjunctivally over trabeculectomy site in the rabbit. In our experimental study, we observed that 5-fluorouracil and methotrexate inhibit the fibroblast proliferation in filtering site by light microscope. So, we report this result with a brief review of literatures.
Cicatrix ; Fibroblasts ; Filtering Surgery* ; Fluorouracil* ; Gelatin Sponge, Absorbable ; Glaucoma* ; Intraocular Pressure ; Methotrexate* ; Optic Nerve ; Trabeculectomy

The purpose of glaucoma filtering surgery is to maintain low intraocular pressure that do not damage to the optic nerve. The failure of filtering surgery commonly result from scarring process at filtering site. 5-Fluorouracil and methotrexate are anti metabolites capable of inhibiting fibroblast proliferation. We aim to evaluate the inhibitory effect of the 5-fluorouracil and methotrexate subconjunctival injection into gelfoam, embeded suibconjunctivally over trabeculectomy site in the rabbit. In our experimental study, we observed that 5-fluorouracil and methotrexate inhibit the fibroblast proliferation in filtering site by light microscope. So, we report this result with a brief review of literatures.
Cicatrix ; Fibroblasts ; Filtering Surgery* ; Fluorouracil* ; Gelatin Sponge, Absorbable ; Glaucoma* ; Intraocular Pressure ; Methotrexate* ; Optic Nerve ; Trabeculectomy

PURPOSE: Occult papillary thyroid carcinomas (OPC) are defined as tumors measuring <15 mm. These tumors are believed to be a less aggressive subset of papillary cancers. They generally behave more like benign lesions and are often more conservatively treated. However, it is unclear if a cancer 1.0 to 1.5 cm in diameter will have a similar favorable clinical behavior as tumors <1.0 cm (micropapillary thyroid carcinoma). Therefore, a retrospective chart review study of patients with OPC in order was carried out in order to answer this question and characterize the biology and optimal treatment for OPCs. METHODS: From October 2001 to January 2007, Among the impalpable thyroid nodules detected incidentally during screening examinations, 260 patients underwent surgery for occult papillary thyroid cancer (OPC) at Kangnam Cha University hospital. The data from these patients was analyzed retrospectively. The mean follow up period was 25.6 +/- 14.5 (max: 63, min: 1) months. RESULTS: The mean age of these patients was 42.8 years, and 233 (89.5%) were female. 46.2% of patients underwent a total or neartotal thyroidectomy, and 54.6% underwent a central lymph node dissection. Of the 260 patients, 55 (21.2%) had lymph node metastases. The OPC presented with signs of aggressiveness including multifocality (34.2%), bilaterality (17.7%), capsular invasion (52.7%), and lymph node metastases (21.2%). A progressively increasing frequency of the signs of tumor aggressiveness was observed with increasing tumor size at presentation. LN metastases were associated with the tumor size (P=0.0063), extracapsular invasion (P=0.0015) and multfocallity (P=0.0020). However, there was no association with age and gender. With a follow-up of up to 63 months, 3 patients had a local recurrence (0.014%). No patients currently have active disease and no patients with OPC died during this period. CONCLUSION: In OPC patients, there is a progressively increasing frequency of the signs of tumor aggressiveness with increasing tumor size. Moreover, a small size itself cannot guarantee low risk and low recurrence rate. The prevalence of LN metastases and extracapsular invasion were higher in those with a tumor size >0.5 cm. A near-total or total thyroidectomy with a central lymph node dissection is the preferred treatment. The early detection and treatment of OPC might be warranted through the routine use of thyroid USG and USG-guided FNA.
Biology ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lymph Node Excision ; Lymph Nodes ; Mass Screening ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prevalence ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroid Neoplasms* ; Thyroid Nodule ; Thyroidectomy

Pupose:To evaluate the results of intra-arterial urokinase thrombolysis in cases of acute ischemic stroke and to define the factors affecting prognosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Forty-eight patients with angiographically proven occlusion of the intracranial arteries were treated with local intra-arterial infusion of urokinase within six hours of the onset of symptoms. Neurologic status was evaluated on admis-sion and on discharge using the NIH(National Institute of Health) stroke scale score (SSS). When the SSS decreased by at least four points, this was considered indicative of an improved clinical outcome. RESULTS: Complete recanalization was achieved in 17/48 patients (35%), including 8 of 13 (62%) with occlusion of the vertebrobasilar artery (VBA), 9 of 20 (45%) with occlu-sion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA), and none of 15 with occlusion of the internal carotid artery (ICA). Neurologic status improved in 12 (60%) of patients with MCA oc-clusion, in five (38%) of those with VBA occlusion and in three (20%) of those with ICA occlusion (P<0.05). Patients in whom occluded MCA was completely recanalized showed greater clinical improvement than those with partial or no recanalization (P<0.05). The overall mortality rate was 21%, 43% (9/21) in patients in whom CT revealed signs of early infarct, but only 4% (1/27) in those without this sign (P<0.05). The mortality rate of patients with parenchymal hematoma (4/5) was higher than that of those with hemorrhagic infarct (3/9) or without hemorrhage (3/34) (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: In patients in whom occluded MCA was completely recanalized, the clinical outcome was better, while patients with VBA occlusion did not benefit from re-canalization. The presence on CT scans of signs of early infarct and of parenchymal hematoma after thrombolysis correlated with a high mortality rate.
Arteries ; Carotid Artery, Internal ; Hematoma ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Infusions, Intra-Arterial* ; Middle Cerebral Artery ; Mortality ; Prognosis ; Stroke* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator*