ATP sensitive potassium channel(K ATP has been indentified in a variety of tissues and recognized as an important drug target.K ATP channels is composed with a 4∶4 stoichiometry of an inwardly rectifying K + channel(Kir) subunit plus a sulfonylurea receptor(SUR).The characteristics for the SUB2B/Kir 6 1 in vascular are small condutance,ATP insensitivity and activation by added NDP.Therefore,it is refered as NDP dependent K + channel(K NDP ).A lot of endogenous and exogenous vasodilators seem to act through a common pathway by opening K ATP in vascular,which is involved in protein kinase A and C signal transduction pathway.Vascular shows different sensitivity to potassium channel openers(KCO),and the mechanism remains to be determined.In this review,a summary of K ATP in vascular is presented with molecular structure,KCO selectivity to tissue,signal pathway,electrophysiological and pharmacological properties.

Atherosclerosis ; immunology ; Dendritic Cells ; immunology ; Humans

Objective To investigate the changs of serum and urine vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) in children with steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome(SSNS) at their active and remission stage.Methods Serum and morning urine levels of VEGF were assayed by Liquichip in 30 patients with SSNS at the active and remission stage and 30 normal age-and sex-matched controls.Results Serum levels of VEGF in patients at the active stage [(186.62?106.21) ng/L] were significantly higher those that at the remission stage [(118.75?73.08) ng/L] and than those in control group [(108.64?54.75) ng/L](P0.05).Morning urine levels of VEGF in patients at the active stage [(201.66?100.46) ng/L] were significantly higher than those at the remission stage [(116.35?55.99) ng/L] and than those in control group [(99.94?42.07) ng/L](P0.05).Conclusions Serum and morning urine levels of VEGF are significantly elevated in patients with SSNS,however they are significantly lower after the treatment of steroid.There is no obvious difference between the patients at the remission stage and healthy controls.VEGF involves pathogenetically and physiologically in SSNS during its onset and growth.

Aged ; Anthracosis ; complications ; Catheterization ; Drainage ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pleural Effusion ; etiology ; therapy ; Pneumothorax ; etiology ; therapy ; Retrospective Studies

Cardiovascular Diseases ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Disasters ; Earthquakes ; Humans

Blood Vessels ; physiology ; Humans ; Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors ; metabolism ; physiology

Objective:To identify potentially pleiotropic genes for lean body mass ( LBM ) and age at menarche ( AAM).Methods:The discovery sample consisted of 1 692 unrelated female subjects of European ancestry.The replication sample consisted of 801 unrelated female subjects of Han Chinese ancestry.A total of 909,622 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped in both samples with the Affymetrix genome-wide genotyping array SNP 6.0.Bivariate genome-wide association analyses were then performed to the appendicular LBM and AAM.Results: Two SNP rs1860547 and rs11030746 identified by the bivariate GWAS were significant at the genome-wide significance (GWS) level;their P-values were <0.05 after replications.In the upstream of rs1860547, two genes KCNA1 and KCNA5 were found to be important for both LBM and AAM.In the downstream of rs11030746, one gene KCNA4 was found.Univariate GWAS also identified both SNPs to be significant at the GWS level; their P-values were <0.05 after replications.In the upstream of rs1860547 , two genes KCNA1 and KCNA5 are found to be important for LBM.In the downstream of rs11030746 , one gene KCNA4 was found.Conclusion:KCNA1, KCNA4 and KCNA5 are likely to be pleiotropic genes closely related to both LBM and AAM in European females.

OBJECTIVE:To strengthen the inspection for qualification of new drugs when introduced in order to guarantee the quality of new drugs and the safety of drug use.METHODS:The problems existing in the inspection for qualification of new drugs were exemplified and classified.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:There existed the problems in the respect of validity,authenticity,effectiveness,and integrality.The good maintainance of the database of SFDA plays a important role in in-specting the new drugs when introduced,while on the other hand such issues as establishment and use of credibility file in medical agencies are worth discussing.

OBJECTIVE:To facilitate the in-depth implementation of Prescription Administrative Policy("New Method" in short).METHODS:The change of the Prescription Administrative Policy and its problems were analyzed through comparison between the "New Method" and the trial edition.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:Improvements of Prescription Administrative Policy such as the introduction of prescription comment system,clarifying supervising subjects and strengthening requirement on prescription dispensing rights etc play a role in tightening comprehensive management on prescriptions and promoting rational drug use.However,the defects of Prescription Administrative Policy such as the absence of the regulations unsuitable for medical orders in retail pharmacy and endemic areas and the unidentified prescription forms need to be improved step by step in the practice.

Objective To investigate the relationship between flow-mediated dilatation of the brachial artery(FMD) and cardiovascular risk factors as well as target organ damage in elder patients with isolated systolic hypertension(ISH).Methods Ninety patients with ISH were divided into two groups: ISH group(n=51) and ISH with hyperlipidemia group(n=39).Color Doppler ultrasound for FMD was performed on all the patients,and carotid artery ultrasound and cardiac ultrasound were also conducted. Results Patiens with hyperlipidemia had lower FMD than those of ISH group(P=0.021).It was revealed by univariate analysis that FMD was negatively related to systolic blood pressure,carotid intima-media thickness and total cholesterol(P