This paper introduced the basic standards of the heart failure in Vietnam and the world such as opinions of Prof. Dang Van Chung, Gleger, Vu Dinh Hai, Tran Do Trinh, world health organization, New York Heart Association... and good points and bad points of each standard. This paper also introduced the new classification of the heart failure.
Hearing Loss, Toluene ; Occupational Diseases ; Toxicity

JNC VI was the sixth report of the National Program of Hypertension Education in America. There were some differences from previous reports including reduction of body weight, and alcohol consumption, exercise, reduction of salt (less than 100 mmol), adequate complement of calcium and Magnesium, stop smoking, reduction of saturated fat and cholesterol. The blood pressure must be less than 140/90. The treatment involved the risk factors and using the diuretics and beta-blockers.
Hypertension ; Perception ; Disease Management

Guidelines for management of hypertension from WHO and international hypertension association presented in conference of hypertension in Fukuota during 29/9-1/10/1998. The guidelines included definition and classification for prognosis and factors for prognosis; treatment: objectives, measures, outlines, and method of drug choose (compulsory, possible indication and contraindication; some reviews of drugs and outlines for special hypertensive patients.
Hypertension ; Disease Management

Studies have issued for the past decades changed significantly the perception and management of hypertension. There were some literatures approved by almost international experts. They were documents of World Health Organization issued in 1996 and 1999 about hypertension
Hypertension ; Perception ; Disease Management

Changes of cardiac structure and action in elderly led to the arrhythmia such as extrasystole (symptoms, treatment and prognosis), arterial fibrillation (anticoagulation for reduction of the risk of cardiovascular accidents, reduction of ventricular rhythm, normalization of sinal rhythm), sick sinal syndrome and transmission disorders were studied.
Arrhythmia ; aged

In the 7th report of International Committee on prevention, detection, evaluation and treatment of hypertension has collected all studies from 1997 to 2003. Classification of hypertension: prehypertension, prehypertension in stage, prehypertension in 2 stage. It is better to use stethoscope for measure blood presure. Content of checking hypertension patients: find out the reason for hypertension, calcutate BMI, hear blood pulse in neck, stomach, groin, examination of nerve system, ECG, urine test and blood test. Treatments: control life style, diuretic, block /beta, block Ca channel, block /alpha, educate for patients
Hypertension ; Hematologic Tests ; Therapeutics

The atherosclerosis related diseases are increasingly in Vietnam. The level of risk of each was calculated by many ways: basing on the computer program, table of risk forecast of America cardiovascular association, table of self mark including smoking, blood pressure, body weight, family history, diabetes, exercise and stress.
cardiovascular diseases ; risk

Sexual activity is a mild effort; this effort intensity is harmless for most cardio vascular patients. With some carefulness, people with cardio vascular problems can have relative normal sexual life and avoid negative mood. Oxygen consumption in sexual activity is approximately 3-4 MET (MET is defined as oxygen demand in resting status, equivalent to 3.5mlO2/kg/min, or 1.2cal/min or 18w) or 630-840ml/min for a 60-kg person.
cardiovascular diseases ; Sexual Behavior

Background: Pediatric closed abdominal trauma is a common disease in surgical practice, in which spleen is the most vulnerable organ. As adults, diagnosis of pediatric splenic trauma is not difficult but treatment attitude of splenic trauma in children having more important differences compared with in adults, tending to conservative treatment without surgery. Objectives: To assess the results of pediatric splenic trauma treatment in Hue Central Hospital from 2001 to 2005. Subjects and method: To study on 43 pediatric patients (23 male, 20 female), mean age 11.35\xb13.51 years, were diagnosed with splenic trauma due to closed abdominal trauma, treated in Hue Central Hospital from September, 2001 to September, 2006. Results: 72.1% hospitalized patients with maximum blood pressure in normal limitation. There was not a statistic significant association between hypotension and indicated surgery. The rate of patients with splenic trauma due to traffic accidents, living accidents and sport activities were 62.8%, 32.6% and 4.7%, respective. 2 patients with combined traumatic brain injury without surgery (4.65%), 3 patients with combined hand fracture (6.97%). 3 patients in conservative treatment group changed to surgery (8.33%). A total of 76.7% patients treated with successful conservation. Conclusion: More than 60% patients with splenic trauma caused by traffic accidents and having stable hemodynamic index during hospitalization. The difference between position of splenic trauma and rupture degree of spleen both in surgical treatment group and successful conservative treatment group is statistically significant.
Spleen/ injuries ; Child ;