When a ribosome complex is stalled during the translation elongation process in eukaryotes, the mono-ubiquitination of Rps3 has recently been shown to be critical to ribosome quality control. We have discovered that the regulatory role of Rps3 mono-ubiquitination is controlled by a deubiquitinase. We also showed that an autophagic signal appears to be coupled to the mono-ubiquitination of Rps3p through the entrance of Ubp3p into the autophagosome in yeasts. The mono-ubiquitination of the Rps3 protein is tightly modulated by reciprocal action between the Hel2p E3 ligase and the Ubp3p deubiquitinase in yeasts and the reciprocal action between the RNF123 E3 ligase and the USP10 deubiquitinase in mammalian cells. We also found that the Ubp3p/USP10 deubiquitinases critically modulate Hel2p/RNF123-mediated Rps3p mono-ubiquitination. In addition, we found that Hel2p/RNF123 and Ubp3p/USP10 appeared to be differently localized in the ribosome complex after ultraviolet irradiation. Together, our results support a model in which coordinated ubiquitination and deubiquitination activities can finely balance the level of regulatory Rps3p mono-ubiquitination in ribosome-associated quality control and autophagy processes.
Autophagy ; Eukaryota ; Quality Control* ; Ribosomes ; Ubiquitin ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases* ; Ubiquitin-Specific Proteases ; Ubiquitination ; Yeasts

PURPOSE: Recently, a percutaneous aspiration with sclerotherapy has become the treatment of choice for the symptomatic, large, and simple renal cyst because of its minimal invasiveness and high effectiveness. The recurrence rate of a percutaneous aspiration only, was reported to range from 30 to 70%. This study was performed to evaluate the effects of percutaneous aspiration with sclerotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The results of the treatment in 36 cases of simple renal cysts from October 1993 to December 1999 were evaluated. The symptoms associated with simple renal cysts were: flank pain or discomfort (50%), none (47.2%) and a palpable mass (2.8%). The simple renal cysts were treated with a percutaneous aspiration only in 6 cases, a percutaneous aspiration with sclerotherapy using 99% ethanol in 21 cases or a 10% minocycline solution in 9 cases. All patients were followed up by ultrasound for 6 to 56 months (mean 18 months). RESULTS: Complete collapse, and partial collapse rate of the renal cysts were 1/6 (16.7%), 2/6 (33.3%) in the aspiration only group, 6/21 (28.6%), 14/21 (66.7%) in the 99% ethanol group and 3/9 (33.3%), 4/9 (44.4%) in the 10% minocycline solution group, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Therefore, a percutaneous aspiration with sclerotherapy using either 99% ethanol or 10% minocycline solution appears to be an effective way to the prevent re-accumulation of cystic fluid. However, the success rates in the percutaneous aspiration with sclerotherapy using 99% ethanol and 10% minocycline solution were not significantly different.
Ethanol ; Flank Pain ; Humans ; Minocycline ; Recurrence ; Sclerotherapy* ; Ultrasonography

In this study, high frequency oscillatory ventilator was designed and constructed. Using designed by phase-lock loop system, in order to accurately and easily treat both the outlet volume and rpm. A system has been designed and is being evaluated using CD4046A PLL IC. We use this PLL IC for the purpose of motor controls. The device consists of PLL system, pumping mechanism, piston, cylinder, and special crank shaft are required. This system characteristics were as follows: 1) Frequency: 20-1800 rpm 2) Outlet air volume: 1-50 cc
Ventilators, Mechanical*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the incidence,. degree, and clinical significance of non-obstructive intrahepatic bile duct di'latation encountered on follow up CT after gastrectomy for gastric carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed follow-up abdominal CT of 65 patients who had undergone gastrectomy with truncal vagotomy and subtotal gastrectomy for gastric carcinoma. We classified those patients who showed intrahepatic duct dilatation into non-obstructive or obstructive groups depending on the presence or absence of the lesions obstructing the duct. We also evaluated the incidence, degree and pattern, and appearance time of non-obstructive type of duct dilatation. RESULTS: Non-obstructive and obstructive biliary dilatations were present in 8 cases(12.3%) and 9 cases(13. 8%), respectively. The degree of non-obstructive group was mild in 6 cases(75%) and moderate in 2 cases (25%) who had taken cholecystectomy during the follow up period, and patterns were proportional dilatation of the central and peripheral intrahepatic ducts. It appeared on follow up CT obtained 6 to 12 months after operation in 7 cases and 3.5 months in one case. No statistical significance was noted between the type of surgery and the incidence of non-obstructive dilatation(p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Mild dilatation of the central intrahepatic ducts without evidence of mechanical biliary obstruction can be seen on follow-up CT obtained more than 6 months after gastrectomy for gastric carcinoma, and the incidence is about 12%. We think that this finding is non-obstructive and clinical evaluation is unnecessary.
Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic ; Cholecystectomy ; Dilatation* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gastrectomy* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Vagotomy, Truncal

We made clinical and statistical observation of low birth weight infants who were delivered at Keimyung University hospital during the 2 years and 4 months period from March, 1979 through July, 1981. The results obtained were as follows: 1) The sex ratio for live birth infants, male to female, was 1.28:1, and low-birth-weight infants was 0.96:1. The incidence of low birth weight infants was 66.5 per 1,000 live births. 2) The etiology of low-birth-weight infants, in order of frequency was: 1st, multiple pregncy, 2nd , permature ruptupe of membrane, 3rd, toxemia, 4th malposition of fotus and 5th , plaoente previa and abruptio placents. 3) The mortality rate for low-birth-weight infants was 123.5/1,000 low-birth-weight infants. 4) Premature percentage of low-birth-weight infants was 61.7%. 5) A sharp decrease in mortality rate was observed when infants weight over 1,750 grams at birth, and over 35 weeks gestation period. Therefore delayed delivery was recommendec. 6) Of all deaths of low-birth-weight infants in the nuracry, 85.9% died within 24 hours of birth, and 82.9% within 48 hours of birth. 7) There was no difference between male and female infants regarding mean helight, mean head circumference and mena chest cincumference according to weight.
Female ; Head ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant* ; Infant, Low Birth Weight* ; Infant, Newborn ; Live Birth ; Male ; Membranes ; Mortality ; Parturition ; Pregnancy ; Sex Ratio ; Thorax ; Toxemia

We made clinical and statistical observation of low birth weight infants who were delivered at Keimyung University hospital during the 2 years and 4 months period from March, 1979 through July, 1981. The results obtained were as follows: 1) The sex ratio for live birth infants, male to female, was 1.28:1, and low-birth-weight infants was 0.96:1. The incidence of low birth weight infants was 66.5 per 1,000 live births. 2) The etiology of low-birth-weight infants, in order of frequency was: 1st, multiple pregncy, 2nd , permature ruptupe of membrane, 3rd, toxemia, 4th malposition of fotus and 5th , plaoente previa and abruptio placents. 3) The mortality rate for low-birth-weight infants was 123.5/1,000 low-birth-weight infants. 4) Premature percentage of low-birth-weight infants was 61.7%. 5) A sharp decrease in mortality rate was observed when infants weight over 1,750 grams at birth, and over 35 weeks gestation period. Therefore delayed delivery was recommendec. 6) Of all deaths of low-birth-weight infants in the nuracry, 85.9% died within 24 hours of birth, and 82.9% within 48 hours of birth. 7) There was no difference between male and female infants regarding mean helight, mean head circumference and mena chest cincumference according to weight.
Female ; Head ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant* ; Infant, Low Birth Weight* ; Infant, Newborn ; Live Birth ; Male ; Membranes ; Mortality ; Parturition ; Pregnancy ; Sex Ratio ; Thorax ; Toxemia

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to review the clinical features, treatments and prognosis of the borderline malignant tumors of the ovary. METHODS: Thirty-two patients with borderline malignant tumors of the ovary were admitted, operated and confirmed with postoperative histopathological study at department of obstetrics and gynecology, Yonsei University Wonju Christian Hospital. The data were collected retrospectively and all charts were reviewed. RESULTS: The incidence of borderline malignant ovarian tumor was 19.2% (32/167). Age distribution revealed between 18 and 77 years old, the mean age was 43.1 years old. As for the parity distribution of borderline malignant tumor, nulliparity was most common (43.8%). The most common chief complaint was abdominal distension (34.4%). Histologic subtypes were mucinous in 19 cases (59.4%), serous in 13 cases (40.6%). According to FIGO classification, 28 cases (87.5%) were stage I, 1 case (3.1%) was stage II, 3 cases (9.4%) were stage III. Sixteen cases (50%) underwent conservative surgery (unilateral salpingooophorectomy or cystectomy). Sixteen cases (50%) were treated with total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingooophorectomy. Fifteen cases (46.9%) received adjuvant postoperative chemotherapy. Excluding 5 cases lost to follow up, patients were alive and were followed from 9 months to 100 months. (mean 36 months).
Age Distribution ; Aged ; Classification ; Drug Therapy ; Female ; Gangwon-do ; Gynecology ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Incidence ; Lost to Follow-Up ; Mucins ; Obstetrics ; Ovary* ; Parity ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to review the clinical features, treatments and prognosis of the borderline malignant tumors of the ovary. METHODS: Thirty-two patients with borderline malignant tumors of the ovary were admitted, operated and confirmed with postoperative histopathological study at department of obstetrics and gynecology, Yonsei University Wonju Christian Hospital. The data were collected retrospectively and all charts were reviewed. RESULTS: The incidence of borderline malignant ovarian tumor was 19.2% (32/167). Age distribution revealed between 18 and 77 years old, the mean age was 43.1 years old. As for the parity distribution of borderline malignant tumor, nulliparity was most common (43.8%). The most common chief complaint was abdominal distension (34.4%). Histologic subtypes were mucinous in 19 cases (59.4%), serous in 13 cases (40.6%). According to FIGO classification, 28 cases (87.5%) were stage I, 1 case (3.1%) was stage II, 3 cases (9.4%) were stage III. Sixteen cases (50%) underwent conservative surgery (unilateral salpingooophorectomy or cystectomy). Sixteen cases (50%) were treated with total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingooophorectomy. Fifteen cases (46.9%) received adjuvant postoperative chemotherapy. Excluding 5 cases lost to follow up, patients were alive and were followed from 9 months to 100 months. (mean 36 months).
Age Distribution ; Aged ; Classification ; Drug Therapy ; Female ; Gangwon-do ; Gynecology ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Incidence ; Lost to Follow-Up ; Mucins ; Obstetrics ; Ovary* ; Parity ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Antimicrobial peptides are cationic proteins that are found in a wide range of organisms. Recent reports suggest that human beta-defensin-1 (hBD-1), a prominent group of antimicrobial peptides, is an important component of the innate immune response, particularly at mucosal surfaces that are vulnerable to colonization by potential pathogens. Therefore, hBD-1 may participate in providing intrinsic nasal mucosal defense against microbial infections. The present study aimed to look for hBD-1 mRNA in apparently normal human nasal mucosa. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The expression of hBD-1 mRNA was investigated in the inferior turbinate tissues using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and in situ hybridization. RESULTS: The expression of hBD-1 mRNA was detected in these tissues. By in situ hybridization, hBD-1 mRNA was predominantly localized in superficial epithelial cells and submucosal glandular epithelium. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that nasal epithelia and submucosal glands may secrete hBD-1 and thus contribute to the mucosal defense of the nose.
Colon ; Epithelial Cells ; Epithelium ; Humans* ; Immunity, Innate ; In Situ Hybridization ; Nasal Mucosa* ; Nose ; Peptides ; RNA, Messenger* ; Turbinates

BACKGROUND: Malignant pleural effusion is a common condition in neoplastic patients and palliative therapy is the usual treatment. Talc has been generally accepted to be the most effective sclerosant for chemical pleurodesis, but the optimal route of administration remains controversy. We compared the results of video-assisted thoracoscopic talc poudrage (VTP) with administering a bedside talc slurry through a chest tube (BTS) for the treatment of malignant pleural effusion. MATERIAL AND METHOD: From December 2004 to May 2006, 20 patients with malignant pleural effusion underwent chemical pleurodesis via VTP (group A, n=10), and BTS (group B, n=10). RESULT:The durations of chest tube placement after the procedure were 7.0+/-4.0 days (group A) and 6.7+/-3.6 days (group B). The hospital stays were 24.3+/-9.4 days (group A) and 30.7+/-21.5 days (group B), respectively. The symptoms of dyspnea were much more improved in group A (p-value=0.014) after discharge (mean f/u group A=8.5+/-2.2 months, group B 8.0+/-7.4 months). The collapsed portions of lung were better expanded in group A than in group B (p-value= 0.011). CONCLUSION: We recommend VTP for the selected patients with malignant pleural effusion because of the advantages of dissecting the fibrous peel to relieve the atelectasis and dyspnea, and excising the pleura for diagnosis with direct viewing of the lesion.
Chest Tubes ; Diagnosis ; Dyspnea ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Lung ; Palliative Care ; Pleura ; Pleural Effusion ; Pleural Effusion, Malignant* ; Pleurodesis ; Pulmonary Atelectasis ; Talc* ; Thoracoscopy