Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of rehabilitation motivation and medical staff support on the self-care activities of stroke patients undergoing rehabilitation therapy. Methods: A total of 199 patients who were admitted at two rehabilitation hospitals located in B city participated in this study. A questionnaire was used to measure rehabilitation motivation, medical staff support, and self-care activities. Results: Self-care activities had a positive correlation with rehabilitation motivation (r=.44, p<.001) and medical staff support (r=.18, p=.009). This means that higher rehabilitation motivation and medical staff support are associated with higher self-care activities. The most influencing factors on self-care activities were rehabilitation motivation (β=.41, p=.001), main caregiver (β=.19, p=.002), marital status (β=.12, p=.041), dysphagia (β=.12, p=.042), and region of hemiplegia (β=-.12, p=.046) in order. The explanatory power value of regression model was 28.7% and it was statistically significant (F=10.95, p<.001). Conclusion Rehabilitation motivation was identified as the major factors that affect self-care activities. The findings in this study suggest that an active intervention encouraging rehabilitation motivation is needed to improve the self-care activities of stroke patients undergoing rehabilitation therapy.