PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop an instrument that evaluated QUality Of care Through patients' Eyes for hospitalized child (QUOTE-Child), and examine the validity and reliability. METHODS: Preliminary items were reviewed through expert content validity and face validity. To test the validity and reliability of the instrument, the data were collected from 221 care givers of hospitalized children. Data were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis, Pearson correlation coefficient, Cronbach's alpha and Spearman-Brown coefficient. RESULTS: Factor analysis yielded 19 items in four factors including 1) respect, 2) explanation, 3) kindness, and 4) skillfulness, with a cumulative explanatory variance of 70.68%. For criterion-related validity, a significant positive relationship was found between quality of care and pediatric family satisfaction. For internal consistency reliability, the Cronbach's alpha was .93 (importance) and .95 (performance) for the overall instrument. The half split reliabilities were .86, .95 (importance) and .92, .97 (performance). The Cronbach's alpha of 110 data was .92 (importance) and .94 (performance). CONCLUSION: Researchers and practitioners can use this instrument to systematically assess quality of care for hospitalized children and identify areas of support for hospitalized children and their family.
Caregivers ; Child ; Child, Hospitalized* ; Humans ; Quality of Health Care ; Reproducibility of Results

PURPOSE: This study aimed to examine the effects of an adolescent obesity management educational program (AOMEP) on middle and high school teachers. METHODS: A quasiexperimental, pretest post-test design was performed to test primary variables, including adolescent obesity management knowledge, attitudes, perceived behavioral control, and behavioral intention based on the concepts presented in the Theory of Planned Behavior. RESULTS: A total of 61 teachers participated. The experimental group (n = 30) received 15 hours of AOMEP, whereas the control group (n = 31) did not receive any. The experimental group showed significant improvement in knowledge (t = 2.53, d = .65, p = .014) and attitude (t = 2.77, d = .71, p = .008) toward adolescent obesity management compared to the control group. However, there were no significant differences in perceived behavioral control or behavioral intention between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: AOMEP may be utilized as an effective obesity management program for adolescent students in schools.
Adolescent* ; Behavior Control ; Humans ; Intention ; Korea* ; Obesity ; Pediatric Obesity*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine levels of knowledge, attitude towards infant oral health, and related health behavior of parents. METHODS: The sample consisted of 380 parents who were providing care for a child ranging in age from 11 to 16 months. RESULTS: Participants obtained information on infant oral health via the internet, infant care books, and friends. While showing the correct attitude towards infant oral health, the parents were ill-informed regarding infant oral health and engaged in low levels of appropriate health behavior. There were statistically significant differences in infant oral health knowledge according to parents age, education, income, and age of infant. Attitude towards infant oral health was significantly different according to parents education and income. Also, there were significant differences in health behavior practice for infant oral health according to parents age, income, caregiver, and infant age. A significant positive relationship was found between knowledge and attitude to infant oral health. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that for maintenance and improvement of infant oral health, the parents and caregivers of infants should be provided with information and specific methods for infant oral health care.
Caregivers ; Child ; Education ; Friends ; Health Behavior* ; Humans ; Infant Care ; Infant* ; Internet ; Oral Health* ; Parents*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze addiction prevention related content shown in middle school text books. METHODS: Using a combination of the terms “addiction”, “drug”, “medicine”, “personal preference”, “smoking”, “drinking”, “sex”, “misuse” or “abuse” as key words, the researchers screened the table of contents of 23 randomly selected middle school textbooks from the 2009 curriculum. Finally 13 textbooks (physical education=10, health=3) were selected for this study, and analyzed using Krippendorff's contents analysis. RESULTS: Through indepth discussion and investigation of the relevant textbooks, content related to addiction prevention included material addiction (77.8%) and behavioral addiction (22.2%). The construction of addiction prevention in middle school textbooks included understanding addiction, rejection of peer temptation, and empowerment of self-control. CONCLUSION: When developing an intervention for addiction prevention that targets middle school students, education with accurate addiction information must be considered so that the students have the correct knowledge about addiction and addiction prevention. Additionally, the ability to reject peer temptation when invited to act upon related addiction behaviors should be treated seriously. The empowerment of self-control is also important, and can be promoted through strengthening self-regulation competence.
Adolescent ; Alcoholism ; Curriculum ; Education ; Humans ; Mental Competency ; Power (Psychology) ; Self-Control ; Substance-Related Disorders

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate mothers' knowledge, attitudes, and practices of infection prevention for their children. METHODS: In this descriptive study, data were collected using a questionnaire. A total 157 mothers of young children were surveyed regarding their knowledge, attitudes, and practices of infection prevention. RESULTS: The mean score of knowledge, attitudes, and practices of infection prevention in mothers was found to be above average. There were significant differences in knowledge according to whether the mother was employed (t=2.82, p=.005) and in attitudes according to the mother's age (t=2.13, p=.035). In addition, a significant correlation was found between knowledge and attitudes (r=.16, p=.014), and between attitudes and practices (r=.50, p < .001). CONCLUSION: This research provides baseline information to understand mothers' approaches to infection prevention for their children, and it may serve as a basis for providing educational programs that help infection prevention.
Child* ; Humans ; Mothers*

PURPOSE: This study examined the effects of an empathy ability improvement program on empathy ability and parenting efficacy among mothers of elementary school students. METHODS: This was a quasi-experimental study using a pre-test/post-test control group design. The experimental group (n=23) completed an empathy ability improvement program, while 22 mothers were assigned to the control group. Pre-test and post-test analyses were conducted using the empathy ability scale and parenting efficacy scale. The data were analyzed using the χ2 test and test independent t-test. RESULTS: The experimental group showed a statistically significant improvement in empathy ability (t=2.79, d=4.48, p=.008) and parenting efficacy (t=2.87, d=0.89, p=.006) in comparison to the control group. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that empathy education may be effective for improving empathy ability and parenting efficacy in mothers of school-age children.
Child ; Education ; Empathy* ; Humans ; Mothers* ; Non-Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Parenting* ; Parents*

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to review pain alleviation intervention for Korean pediatric inpatients with reference to Kolcaba’s Theory of Comfort. Methods: Whittemore and Knafl’s integrative review methods were used. Articles published in Korean or English were identified through electronic search engines and scholarly web sites. Scientific, peer-reviewed articles published between 2006 and 2019 were included in this review. Twenty-seven articles that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed. Results: Among the 27 selected studies, three were descriptive, while 24 were interventional studies related to pain alleviation interventions. Pain alleviation interventions showed three attributes: identifying pain triggers and the child’s response to pain, effective strategies for pain relief, and nurses’ competence in pain management. Conclusion The three attributes of pain alleviation interventions using the theory of comfort shown in this study were identified as important factors for obtaining evidence-based data on how to enhance the comfort of hospitalized pediatric patients. In addition, the attributes of pain alleviation interventions should be considered for hospitalized pediatric patients and their family members.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to compare the quality of nursing care as perceived by registered nurses and mothers of hospitalized children in South Korea. METHODS: This was a descriptive study that recruited 70 mothers of hospitalized children and 70 nurses in pediatric units in university hospitals as participants. The quality of pediatric nursing care was measured using importance and performance scores for 19 items describing various elements of nursing care. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the independent t-test. RESULTS: The hospitalized children mothers' mean importance scores were significantly higher than those of the nurses (t=2.94, p=.004). However, there were no significant differences in the mean performance scores of nurses and mothers (t=0.91, p=.363) or between nurses' and mothers' perceptions of quality of nursing care, with the exception of a significant difference for the quality of explanations (t=2.78, p=.006). The quality of explanations was assessed more positively by nurses than by mothers. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that when developing strategies to improve the quality of nursing care in pediatric wards, ensuring that pediatric nurses provide detailed explanations should be considered as a way to improve the quality of nursing care in pediatric units.
Child ; Child, Hospitalized* ; Hospitals, University ; Humans ; Korea ; Mothers* ; Nurses ; Nursing Care* ; Nursing* ; Pediatric Nursing ; Quality of Health Care

Purpose: This study aimed to develop and evaluate a mobile application focusing on developmental support care for infants born prematurely. Methods: An application was developed using the analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation model. In the analysis phase, previous research was evaluated through big data text-mining and a literature review. In the design phase, the preliminary content of the application was designed, and the content validity and comprehension were verified. A hybrid application was developed and used by eight experts and ten users, who evaluated the layout of the mobile application and their satisfaction with it. Results: The content of the designed application comprised a diary, customized information, developmental play, and community. The mean scores for layout were 3.73±0.47 and 3.43±0.68 out of 4 points among the experts and users, respectively. Users’ mean satisfaction score was 3.70±0.70 out of 5 points. Conclusion The information provided by the mobile application was evaluated as consistent and systematic. The application was also found to be satisfactory by infants’ parents. The mobile application developed through this study is expected to be effective in supporting the development of children born prematurely.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the supportive care needs of parents of preterm children in South Korea using text data from a portal site. Methods: In total, 628 online newspaper articles and 1,966 social network service posts published between January 1 and December 31, 2019 were analyzed. The procedures in this study were conducted in the following order: keyword selection, data collection, morpheme analysis, keyword analysis, and topic modeling. Results: The term "yirundung-yi", which is a native Korean word referring to premature infants, was confirmed to be a useful term for parents. The following four topics were identified as the supportive care needs of parents of preterm children: 1) a vague fear of caring for a baby upon imminent neonatal intensive care unit discharge, 2) real-world difficulties encountered while caring for preterm children, 3) concerns about growth and development problems, and 4) anxiety about possible complications. Conclusion Supportive care interventions for parents of preterm children should include general parenting methods for babies. A team composed of multidisciplinary experts must support the individual growth and development of preterm children and manage the complications of prematurity using highly accessible media.