PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to find taxi drivers' smoking behavior, self-efficacy and expectation level of success in smoking cessation. It will provide useful information for developing nursing interventions in health promotion programs. METHOD: The subjects of this study were 271 taxi drivers in Seoul and its metropolitan area. Data were collected using a self-reported questionnaire asking smoking history, smoking behaviors, health problem, stages of change for smoking cessation, self-efficacy and the expectation level of success in smoking cessation. Data were analyzed through descriptive statistics. Pearson's correlation, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test and Cronbach's a. RESULTS: Of the taxi drivers, 83.8% were current smokers. Stages of change were as follows: 45.8% were in the precontemplation stage, 26.2% in the contemplation stage, 13.7% in the maintenance stage, 12.2% in the preparation stage and 1.5% in the action stage. In addition. 20.3% of the subjects reported health problems such as hypertension, heart disease, diabetes mellitus and respiratory disease. The expectation level of success in smoking cessation was positively related with self-efficacy. There were statistically significant differences in the expectation level of success in smoking cessation according to the number of cigarettes per day and nicotine dependency. In addition. there were statistically significant differences in self-efficacy according to the number of cigarettes per day, duration of smoking (years) and nicotine dependency. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that taxi drivers' health problems and smoking rate were serious. Therefore more systematic health promotion programs for smoking cessation should be developed and executed by health care specialists at individual taxi companies.
Delivery of Health Care ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Health Behavior ; Health Promotion ; Heart Diseases ; Hypertension ; Nicotine ; Nursing ; Seoul ; Smoke* ; Smoking Cessation* ; Smoking* ; Specialization ; Tobacco Products ; Surveys and Questionnaires

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of intraveneous immunoglobulin (IVIG) infusion on renal function in neonates. IVIG has provided quite safe in neonates given therapeutic doses. But nephrotoxicity is not a recognized adverse events of IVIG therapy, only several previous adult cases having been described. A total twenty five neonates suspected sepsis was randomely assigned to IVIG (n=12) or control (n=13) group. Neonates assigned to IVIG group received IVIG (1g/kg, 1 dose) adjunct to ampicillin and gentamicin, and neonates assigned to control group received same antibiotics. To observe changes in renal function with IVIG therapy, serum BUN, creatinine, urine creatinine, beta2-microglobulin ( beta2MG) and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosam-inidase (NAG) were obtained before and 24 hours, 3 and 7 days after initiation of therapy. There were no statistically significant changes in serum BUN and creatinine in both groups. Transient increase of urine NAG was observed at 24 hours after therapy in IVIG group. Urine beta2MG of IVIG group remained in pretreatment level, whereas decreased with age in control group, so, at 7th day IVIG group have higher urinary excretion of beta2MG compared to control group. According to these results, it was found that IVIG therapy in neonates might cause transient renal tubular damage.
Adult ; Ampicillin ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Creatinine ; Gentamicins ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins ; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous* ; Infant, Newborn* ; Sepsis

PURPOSE: The O'Leary Symptom Index and Problem Index (ICSI/ICPI) have been used widespread in clinical studies and research. This research was aimed to determine the reliability and validity of the ICSI/ICPI-K that was translated into Korean. METHODS: The research design was a methodological study to test the measurements. Subjects were 301 elderly women in Seoul, Chungnam and Gyungbuk. They were recruited through a formal announcement and they responded after informed consent. Data was analyzed with SPSS 15.0. The internal consistency was assessed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient and the criterion validity was assessed by Pearson correlation with the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and inter-subscales. RESULTS: The elderly women were on average 74.3 years old. As to the reliability of the scale, ICSI/ICPI-K had a Cronbach alpha of .832. In addition, the results showed that ICSI/ICPI-K was valid through the Pearson correlation. That is, the ICSI-K and ICPI-K had a significant relationship with GDS (r=.295; r=.374, respectively) and strong correlations of subscale to subscale (ICSI-K & ICPI-K: r=.676). The most common symptom of the lower urinary tract by the ICSI/ICPI-K was nocturia 249 (83.3%) followed by frequency 187 (62.8%), urgency 148 (49.8%). and pelvic pain 71 (23.9%) in the elderly women. CONCLUSION: We can conclude that the ICSI/ICPI-K is reliable and valid in Korean elderly women. It needs to be evaluated in the clinical area.
Aged ; Cystitis, Interstitial ; Depression ; Female ; Humans ; Informed Consent ; Nocturia ; Pelvic Pain ; Reproducibility of Results ; Research Design ; Urinary Tract

The factors that affect the nurse-patient interaction were identified, Sixty-six nurses participated in the cross-sectional survey. Based upon the literature, the factors were classified into 4 categories : the patient, the nurse, the family caregiver, and the situational factors. The data were collected with the open-and closed-ended questionnaire developed by researchers. In the closed-ended questionnaire, the significant factors differentiating the best-liked from the least-liked caring situation were found in all factors expect the nurse factors. None of the nurse factors was found to be significant. In patient factors, the physically attractive stereotype was found to affect patient-nurse interaction . As expected, family caregiver factors were found to affect the nurse-patient interaction. The content analysis was done to identify the specific factors affecting nurse-patient interaction. In both of the best-liked and the least-liked caring situation, the patient factors were the most contributing causes as likely as 68.51% and 66.45%, respectively. Some factors that nurses perceived as causes for the best-liked and the least-liked to care were presented. In conclusion, these results show that nurses are influenced by stereotypes in caring patients. So, some programs to increase awareness of the biases of nurses are included in in-service education. Also the incentives to encourage nurses are needed.
Bias (Epidemiology) ; Caregivers ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Education ; Humans ; Motivation ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.

No abstract available.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of recovery from disease in the patients doing a kind of Buddhist meditation, and to develop a grounded theory about meditation. METHOD: Data was collected by an in-depth interview using tape-recordings from sixteen participants doing meditation. The data was analyzed using the grounded theory method proposed by Strauss and Corbin(1998). RESULT: The core category was discovering the true self. The participants began to do meditation because of their disease. They experienced obstacles due to incomplete religious acceptance. However, their faith grew gradually based on religious experiences that were indescribable. Finally, they entirely trusted the inner healer, which is emphasized in meditation. The strategies that they used were self reflection and seeking help for accepting deep meditation. They were stabilized in physical, psychological and social daily living. The processes of discovering the true self were identified as entering religious discipline, embodying religious discipline, self-accomplishing religious faith, and recovering mind-body health. CONCLUSION: This study provided the understanding of mind-body integration. Empirical research may be needed to prove scientifically the effects of meditation.
*Mind-Body Relations (Metaphysics) ; Middle Aged ; *Meditation ; Male ; Humans ; Female ; *Convalescence ; Buddhism ; Aged ; Adult

No abstract available.
Gastroenteritis*

No abstract available.
Hypoglycemia*

No abstract available.
Asphyxia*