BACKGROUND: The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between abdominal obesity, benign prostatic hyperplasia, hypertension and diabetes mellitus. METHODS: A total of 318 male subjects aged 50 years and older participated in this study after excluding the subjects with cancer or missing information about diabetes or hypertension from five outpatient clinics in Seoul and the suburbs. Abdominal obesity was evaluated using visceral fat area, and the prevalence of benign prostatic hyperplasia was assessed via the International Prostate Symptom Score. The presence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus was determined by questionnaire. RESULTS: Abdominal obesity was related with benign prostatic hyperplasia and both abdominal obesity and benign prostatic hyperplasia were related with the prevalence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Benign prostatic hyperplasia patients with abdominal obesity exhibited a higher prevalence rate of hypertension and diabetes mellitus than those without abdominal obesity. In patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia, abdominal obesity exhibited a significantly association with the presence of diabetes mellitus, but no association was observed regarding the prevalence of hypertension. CONCLUSION: Benign prostatic hyperplasia and abdominal obesity increase the prevalence rate of hypertension and diabetes mellitus, respectively. In particular, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus, but not hypertension, was associated with abdominal obesity in benign prostatic hyperplasia patients.
Ambulatory Care Facilities ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Intra-Abdominal Fat ; Male ; Obesity, Abdominal ; Prevalence ; Prostate ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; Seoul

No abstract available.
Thrombasthenia*

Ten semen samples of high initial quality donated by fertile men were processed to compare the effect of two freezing methods, two thawing temperatures and the effect of dilution and washing on sperm motility (CASA) and morphologic characteristics (stricter criteria). Semen samples were divided in two equal parts and frozen either by fast vapour freezing or by slow computer-controlled freezing. For each freezing method, half of the straws were thawed at room temperature (22 degrees C), the other half were thawed at 37 degrees C. From each freeze-thawing treatment, one straw was evaluated immediately post-thawing; another straw was washed to remove the cryoprotectant solution. In this way, each semen sample was subjected to eight freeze-thawing treatment. The freezing and thawing of each semen sample was uniformly associated with a decrease in a sperm quality. The most commonly observed adverse effect was severe impairment of sperm motility. No effect of the freezing method and thawing temperature was observed on motility characteristics evaluated by computer-assisted semen analysis, nor on morphology parameters evaluated by stricter criteria. Only in regard to normal morphology was computer-controlled freezing slightly superior to fast vapour freezing. Post-thaw dilution and washing exerted a detrimental effect on sperm motility by reducing percentage motility by 30% - 40% compared to unwashed thawed specimens. Post-thaw dilution and washing obviously impaired normal morphology of spermatozoa by increasing percentage of small heads while linearity was increased significantly. Freezing-thawing was most effective when fast vapour freezing was followed by 37 degrees C thawing , and when slower computer-controlled freezing was combined with 22 degrees C thawing, causing linearity increased significantly Otherwise significant interactions between the freezing method and the thawing temperature were not observed. From these data, we think that vapour freezing is similar to computer-controlled freezing for high-quality semen in terms of recovery of morphologically normal with adequate progressive motility. For cryopreservation flow quality spermatozoa from patients, the effect of each freeze-thawing treatment is eligible for testing in another study.
Cryopreservation ; Freezing* ; Head ; Humans* ; Male ; Semen ; Semen Analysis ; Sperm Motility ; Spermatozoa*

PURPOSE: This study aimed at uncovering the experience of adaptation of the new nursing staff in hospital setting. METHODS: For this study, 15 new graduate nurses participated. The data was collected through the in-dept interviews and analysed in terms of Strauss and Corbin's grounded theory methodology. RESULTS: The core category was identified with "entering orbit". The new graduate nurses, who experienced the taeoom because of their unskilled professions, tried to enter orbit by overcoming difficult situations through reducing stress, maintaining good interpersonal relationship, grasping, compensating, persisting, and introspecting. Noticeably, in the process of adaptation, negative image of nursing, conflict of interpersonal relationship and the educational program for the new nursing staff had effect on the intervening factors. Finally, this study confirmed that the processes of new nurses' adaptation are confusing, confrontating, becoming a member and settling in hospital setting. CONCLUSION: Therefore, the educational programs reflecting new nursing staffs' experiences should be developed.
Hand Strength ; Humans ; Nursing Staff* ; Nursing* ; Orbit

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identified the male nurses' encounter in adapting themselves in the hospital settings dominated by the female nurses in number. METHOD: Data were collected through the in-depth interview of 16 male nurses and analysed through the grounded theory methodology. RESULT: The behaviors of male nurses for job-adaptation can be summarized as a series of struggles to consolidate their own ground. They have made tremendous efforts to hold their own ground in the nursing profession composed of a large numbers of female nurses, while they have experienced many difficulties and problems as minorities. They have struggled to adapt themselves professionally through efforts such as; challenging the social and professional barriers, identifying the job identity, empowering themselves through self-development and dedication, expanding their influence among colleagues. In spite of these efforts, they had the perception that nursing is not a lifelong occupation for them. Thus, they had tendency to find outlets of change to occupations. CONCLUSION: A specific strategy is needed to provide an environment that is helpful for males in integrating into and adapting to the nursing profession.

Early diagnosis of childhood cancer is very important for the prognosis. Ultrasonography of routine examination for pregnant woman is now a popular method. We experienced two cases of congenital Wilms tumor suspected by prenatal ultrasonography from mothers and confirmed by nephrectomy soon after birth. One of the cases was stage II with favorable histology and was treated with vincristine(2.0 mg/m2) and actinomycin D(45 microgram/kg) for 60 weeks by National Wilms Tumor Study(NWTS) IV treatment protocol, K-4 A regimen. The other was stage I with favorable histology and was treated with vincristine(1.5 mg/m2) and actinomycin D(15 microgram/kg) for 24 weeks by NWTS IV, EE regimen. The post-chemotherapy follow-up evaluation of these two children for 3 years and 2 months and 1 year and 7 months respectively were quite normal with 100% of Karnovsky scores. Early diagnosis, especially in prenatal, is very important for the prognosis of childhood cancer. Routine ultrasonographic examination in pregnant women is also desirable for the detection of solid tumor of fetus if it does not harmful for the fetus.
Child ; Clinical Protocols ; Dactinomycin ; Early Diagnosis ; Female ; Fetus ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Mothers ; Nephrectomy ; Parturition ; Pregnant Women ; Prenatal Diagnosis* ; Prognosis ; Ultrasonography ; Ultrasonography, Prenatal ; Wilms Tumor*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the symptoms and interference of activities of daily living (ADL) of chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) in patients receiving taxane and platinums. METHODS: 141 cancer patients were recruited in the cross-sectional survey design. The instruments used in the study was the Chemotherapy-induced Peripheral Neuropathy Assessment Tool (CIPNAT) developed by Tofthagen and colleagues. RESULTS: The patients experienced the symptom and interference of ADL of CIPN moderately. The most common symptom was nerve pain (70.2%) and the patients with high cumulative doses showed a significant of tingling sensation in the feet. Symptom severity increased substantially with cumulative dose of chemotherapeutic agents. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy increase due to repeated chemotherapy and nursing intervention is necessary to reduce symptom severity and interference of ADL of CIPN.
Activities of Daily Living* ; Bridged Compounds ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Drug Therapy ; Foot ; Humans ; Neuralgia ; Nursing ; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases* ; Platinum* ; Sensation ; Taxoids*

BACKGROUND: Several studies have indicated that lumbar epidural anesthesia may decrease the incidence of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, particulary after total hip replacement. Moreover venous thromboembolism also occurs after the release of a tourniquet in orthopedic surgery. The d-dimer test has been reported to be useful for predicting lower limb DVT and PE. Of the d-dimer test methods, the latex agglutination method shows excellent sensitivity and specificity. METHODS: We compared the quantity of d-dimer for General (n = 21) and Epidural (n = 20) anesthesia after tourniquet release in patients undergoing arthroscopic knee surgery. RESULTS: D-dimer significantly increased after tourniquet release in both groups, whereas the increase of d-dimer in the Epidural group was no smaller than that in the General group. Epidural group showed a correlation between tourniquet application and d-dimer. CONCLUSIONS: The present data suggest that DVT and PE after tourniquet release could occur during arthroscopic knee surgery and that epidural anesthesia may increase the fibrinolysis of a tourniquet induced thrombus.
Agglutination ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, Epidural* ; Anesthesia, General* ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; Fibrinolysis ; Humans ; Incidence ; Knee* ; Latex ; Lower Extremity ; Orthopedics ; Pulmonary Embolism ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Thromboembolism ; Thrombosis ; Tourniquets* ; Venous Thromboembolism ; Venous Thrombosis

Recently the origin of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) is thought be the interstitial cells of Cajal or primitive stem cells. This study was performed to evaluate the roles of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), cell block preparation, and immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis of GISTs. Nine cases of GIST in which FNAC was performed were included in this study. Cytologically, the tumor cells characteristically occurred in closely packed cohesive tissue fragments with high cellular density often in bloody background. The tumor cells often formed fascicles with parallel, side-by-side arrangements of the nuclei. Histologically, GISTs were highly cellular spindle or epithelioid tumor with basophilic appearance. Immunohistochemically, GISTs were c-kit positive in all of nine cases, CD34 positive in seven, focally SMA positive in two, and S-100 and GFAP negative in all. Both histologic and cell block sections showed the same histologic and immunohistochemical features. Cytomorphologically GISTs show a broad morphologic spectrum but rarely a significant nuclear pleomorphism and the assessment of malignant potential is difficult based on cytology alone. However, in the appropriate clinical and radiologic setting, a confident diagnosis of primary or metastatic GIST can be established by FNAC, cell block, and immunohistochemistry.
Actins/analysis ; Adult ; Antigens, CD34/analysis ; Biopsy, Needle ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms/chemistry/*pathology ; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein/analysis ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Paraffin Embedding ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit/analysis ; S100 Proteins/analysis ; Stromal Cells/*pathology

Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma is an uncommon, low grade malignant epithelial neoplasm and metastasis is exceedingly rare. This article highlights the fine needle aspiration cytology(FNAC) of a case of metastatic epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma of the scalp. A 51-year-old female presented with the left parietotemporal scalp mass two months after the left parotidectomy for epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma. FNAC from the scalp mass showed a biphasic population of ductal epithelial and myoepithelial origin. These epithelial aggregates were numerous and formed a distinct three dimensional architecture in the background of numerous naked nuclei. The three dimensional architectures were predominantly composed of tightly cohesive eosinophilic ductular epithelial cells which tended to aggregate, overlap, and form tubules. Clear myoepithelial cells in three dimensional tissue fragment were inapparent and a few were attached to the periphery of the fragments. A few myoepithelial cells with clear abundant vaculoated cytoplasm were found in the foamy background. The cytological diagnosis was metastatic epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma. The histologic findings of the scalp mass were those of typical epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma. Cytologic distinction of epithelial-myoepithleial carcinoma, pleomorphic adenoma, and adenoid cystic carcinoma may be very difficult but careful attention to clinical features and cellualr details can classify these neoplasms correctly.
Adenoma, Pleomorphic ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle* ; Carcinoma ; Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic ; Cytoplasm ; Diagnosis ; Eosinophils ; Epithelial Cells ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Scalp*