Chronic liver disease was characterized difficult to cure, long-standing disease. Patients with chronic liver disease were searching for complementary treatments to recover form illness, while they have been treated by the doctor. This study was carried out to explore application of alternative therapies in patients with chronic liver disease. For this survey, the questionnaire were developed by researchers and the data were collected for two months. Among the 192 subjects, 155 were hospitalized and 37 were out patient department and the majority of diagnoses were chronic hepatitis (42.2%), liver cirrhosis (31.3%), primary liver carcinoma (14.6%). The results were as follows. 1. Patients who have had experiences with alternative therapies were 128, not undergone were 64. Varried alternative therapies were used and 46.9% of 128 subjects used both hospitals and alternative therapies simultaneously. 2. Patients have looked for alternative therapies in the early stage of disease (71.1%), and motivated to decide a matter of having use complementary therapies as alternatives for treatments (64.8%), and obtained information from their families and friends (48.2%), mass media (14.8%). The majority of patients were acknowledged that laternative treatments have no effectiveness really but it gives them psychological comfort. And the patients have payed a lot of money in cost of alternative therapies fee ; 1.4 times higher than hospitals. 3. Among the 128 subjects, 43.8% patients were communicated with their physicians about complementary therapies, 56.2% were not. 82.1% patients who asked their physicians were experienced negative responses of their doctors. 4. patients were expected the higher effect of alternative therapies when they have been delivered treatment by hospitals with complementary therapies (chi2=57.84, P<0.05), and then they evaluated the treatment effect better in this treatment pattern (chi2=25.26, P<0.05). And in terms of general characteristics of the patients, the only duration of illness was showed the significant relationship with the utilization of alternative therapies (chi2=8.44, P<0.05). 5. In no used alternative therapies group, the reason that they have not taken alternative therapies were ; to keep their physician's prescription, to refuse alternative therapies by their physicians, and to have no trust themselves on alternative therapies. In conclusion, the further study will be required the patients' experience using alternative therapies as the progress of disease in terms of holistic view of patients.
Complementary Therapies* ; Diagnosis ; Fees and Charges ; Friends ; Hepatitis, Chronic ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Liver Diseases* ; Liver* ; Mass Media ; Prescriptions ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Recently cryogenic therapy is widely used for the treatment of herpes simplex keratitis. We had experimental studies on the effect of iodine cautery and cryocautery upon the regeneration of corneal ulceration. On 10 adult albino rabbits, one eye was treated by iodine, and the other by cryocautery in area of 0.6cm X 0.6cm. The epithelium in this area was completly removed by cotton applicator. There after, the rate of epithelial regeneration was observed every 12 hours. The results were as follows: (1) The average period of complete epithelial regeneration was 48 hours in animal treated with cryocautery and 78 hours in animals treated with iodine cautery. This difference is statistically highly significant. (2) Corneal opacity was not demonstrated in eyes treated with cryocautery. Six eyes treated with iodine, however, showed various degree of corneal opacities. These results support the view that the healing time in human herpes simplex keratitis is shortened in patients with cryocautery as compared with iodine.
Adult ; Animals ; Cautery* ; Corneal Opacity ; Corneal Ulcer* ; Epithelium ; Humans ; Iodine* ; Keratitis, Herpetic ; Rabbits ; Regeneration*

Changes in the intraoular pressure and serum osmolarity were investigated in albino rabbits after intravenous and topical administrations of ascorbic acid. Twenty percent solution of ascorbic acid administered intravenously produced reduction in intraocular pressure from 24.3 mmHg. to 14.0 mmHg. in 10 minutes. The lowering was maintained for 30 minutes followed by low recovery. The serum osmolarity rose from 285.1 mOsm. to 302.0 mOsm. in 10 minutes, and returned gradually thereafter. Intravenous injection of 10 % ascorbic acid brought about milder drop in intraocular pressure, from 21.7 mmHg. to 16. 9 mmHg and more rapid recovery. The serum osmolarity rose from 282.0 mOsm. to 290 mOsm and returned to the original level. No significant changes in the intraocular pressure were observed after the instillation of 10 % ascorbic acid solution.
Administration, Topical ; Ascorbic Acid* ; Injections, Intravenous ; Intraocular Pressure* ; Osmolar Concentration* ; Rabbits*

A monstrous faced, 60 years old famale patient was first seen in our clinic on May 1, 1976, complaining of diffuse abdominal pain. Throughout physical examination and x-ray study revealed a craniofacial dysostosis, which is rare in this age group, and other lab. data seemed normal.
Abdominal Pain ; Craniofacial Dysostosis* ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Physical Examination

Authors reported one case of binocular ankyloblepharon which developed on recovery stage of Stevens-Jhonson syndrome. And we had good results in visual acuities by operations.
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome* ; Telescopes* ; Visual Acuity

A 7-years-old female patient was first seen in our out-patient clinic on June 21, 1975 with five day history of progressive proptosis of the left eye. Biopsy was taken from the orbit and the submandibular lymphnodes. Exploratory laparotomy revealed ovarian malignancy. Pathologic examination confirmed generalization of ovarian granulosa-theca cell tumor.
Biopsy ; Exophthalmos ; Female ; Generalization (Psychology) ; Granulosa Cell Tumor* ; Granulosa Cells* ; Humans ; Laparotomy ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Orbit* ; Outpatients

Glucose concentration in tears was measured and comparison was made with the blood glucose level in diabetic and non-diabetic subjects. In normal cases the average glucose value in tears was found to be 18.6mg/100ml, whereas in diabetic patients the mean glucose value in tears was 32.8mg/100ml. These values corresponded approximately 17% of the blood glucose concentration. The changes of tear and blood glucose following the oral administration of glucose were also evaluated in normal and diabetic subjects. In normal cases elevation of tear glucose was noted, reaching its maximum value after 1 hour and returned to the normal level after 2 hours. Tear glucose in diabetics was found to be markedly elevated, lasting longer than in normal cases. In normal subjects, tear glucose concentration fell on injection of insulin and returned to the normal level after 2 hours. In these induced hyperglycemic and hypoglycemic states, glucose concentration in tears revealed parallel with the blood glucose. Clinistix test with tears at different levels of glucose concentrations showed a positive reaction when tear glucose concentration was over 30.5mg/100ml. In these positive cases the blood glucose level was more than 150mg/100ml. It can be suggested that the Clinistix test can be used as a screening method of suspected diabetic patients.
Administration, Oral ; Blood Glucose ; Glucose* ; Humans ; Insulin ; Mass Screening ; Tears*

Glucose concentration in tears was measured and comparison was made with the blood glucose level in diabetic and non-diabetic subjects. In normal cases the average glucose value in tears was found to be 18.6mg/100ml, whereas in diabetic patients the mean glucose value in tears was 32.8mg/100ml. These values corresponded approximately 17% of the blood glucose concentration. The changes of tear and blood glucose following the oral administration of glucose were also evaluated in normal and diabetic subjects. In normal cases elevation of tear glucose was noted, reaching its maximum value after 1 hour and returned to the normal level after 2 hours. Tear glucose in diabetics was found to be markedly elevated, lasting longer than in normal cases. In normal subjects, tear glucose concentration fell on injection of insulin and returned to the normal level after 2 hours. In these induced hyperglycemic and hypoglycemic states, glucose concentration in tears revealed parallel with the blood glucose. Clinistix test with tears at different levels of glucose concentrations showed a positive reaction when tear glucose concentration was over 30.5mg/100ml. In these positive cases the blood glucose level was more than 150mg/100ml. It can be suggested that the Clinistix test can be used as a screening method of suspected diabetic patients.
Administration, Oral ; Blood Glucose ; Glucose* ; Humans ; Insulin ; Mass Screening ; Tears*

In 24 pterygium patients, the corneal curvature was measured before and after surgical removal. The norizontal curvature increased more than 0.5 D in 66.7% of cases on the 2 to 3 weeks postoperatively. The vertical curvature, however, showed no marked tendency to changes, and only 25% of cases showed more than 0.5 D increase on the 2 to 3 weeks postoperatively. As the pterygium invades the cornea extensively, the horizontal corneal curvature increased more markedly.
Cornea ; Humans ; Pterygium*

In Korea, most of the patients with chronic liver diseases have been using some kind of alternative therapies at home. however, the question is why do people turn to alternative therapy and how the patients are able to use the alternative therapies widely, though the effects have not been proven scientifically. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the process of the patients' experiences using the alternative therapies. The 16 participants were from internal- medical departments in hospital and the permission was received to participate in this study from the subjects. The data were collected with interviews and participants observations, analyzed by the grounded theory methodology of Strauss and Corbin(1990). With the analysis of the data, 15 categories were generated such as psychological pressures, barriers of role performances, distrusts of western medicine, blind obediences to the treatments, attitudes towards alternative therapies, supportive systems, obstacles to taking alternative therapies, financial burdens, collecting informations, pursuing alternative modalities, efforting diversities, analyzing by themselves, managing the body, accepting the disease, and ambivalence. The paradigm model was developed to identify the relationships of categories. The central phenomenon of the experiences of seeking alternative therapies was named jagi momdasrim. The central concept of jagi momdasrim is a mind-set to desire to wellness and to take more responsibility for one's own healing by pursuing alternate healing modalities rather than the western medical system. The process of jagi momdasrim evolved several stages such as seeking, finding, struggling, overcoming, fulfilling, and governing the diseases. Four patterns of taking alternative therapies were found as follows: the bulsin-chujong-hyung, the suyoung-hyung, the yangdari-gulchiki-hyung, the chamjae-hyung. In conclusion, the phenomenon of alternative therapies as consumer-driven force to heal the chronic liver diseases of the patients could be explained as an adaptive behavior through the process of jagi momdasrim. However, since most of the participants practicing some kind of alternative therapies had no evidences of its effects and never tried to consult with their medical doctors about alternative therapies, we should approach more actively. Therefore, it is recommended for nurses to listen and watch the patients behaviors of using alternative therapies and find out how to educate the patients about the proper and safe way to take the alternative therapies.
Adaptation, Psychological ; Complementary Therapies* ; Humans ; Korea ; Liver Diseases* ; Liver*