The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation between hypertension and risk factors. A positive association between obesity, age, serum lipid and such life style factors as smoking, exercise, alcoholic beverage use with blood pressure problems and the prevalence of hypertension has been described in many studies. Therefore to identify and evaluate the effects of variables, which were known to be related to hypertension, multiple regression analysis was performed. We studied 110 subjects. The participants were 45 men and 65 women who visited one university hospital located in Seoul from January to December 1998. All 110 persons were identified as having primary hypertension by their physicians. The significant risk factors identified for hypertension were Obesity, BMI, length of time with hypertension. The results were as follows; 1. The systolic blood pressure average in 110 subjects was 156.65mmHg +/- 14.08mmHg, the diastolic blood pressure average was 100.73mmHg +/- 5.64mmHg. 18.2% of the subjects were smokers, 26.4% of the subjects were drinkers, and 33.6% of the subjects exercised regularly. 13.6% had a family history of hypertension. The average mean pressure was 119.37 +/- 7.40mmHg. The average history of hypertension was 28.36 +/- 34.56months. The average body weight of subjective was 65.25kg, and their average BMI was 24.54kg/m2. The average serum cholesterol of the subjects was 204.54mg/dl, HDL was 50.93mg/dl. 2. The result of this study were that variables which showed significance rationale for high systolic blood pressure in hypertension were mean arterial pressure(R2=0.808), and age(R2=0.032). And the variables which showed significance rationale for diastolic blood pressure in hypertension were mean arterial pressure(R2=0.697), age(R2=0.051), sex(R2=0.014), and somking(R2=0.010). And the best variable for prediction of mean blood pressure was the length of history of the disease. 3. According to multiple regression analysis by demographic variables, age and the length of history of hypertension were predictable variables for hypertension. And mean the blood pressure was identified best explaining variable of hypertension by biophysical variables. Therefore, life style modification for hypertension patients as a primary regimen is less important than for normal blood pressure patients. Life style modification is important intervention for normal blood pressure subjects, on the other hand drug therapy and its compliance is the most important intervention for hypertensive subjects. So to regulate blood pressure and prevent the complication of hypertension, the first regime of all should pharmacologic therapy. There is a need to develop nursing intervention to improve pharmacologic compliance for primary hypertension patients.
Alcoholic Beverages ; Blood Pressure* ; Body Weight ; Cholesterol ; Compliance ; Drug Therapy ; Female ; Hand ; Humans ; Hypertension* ; Life Style ; Male ; Nursing ; Obesity ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors* ; Seoul ; Smoke ; Smoking

The cystic hypersecretory duct carcinoma of the breast was first described in 1984 by Rosen and Scott and warrants separate discussion because of its unusual pathological features. It is morphologically distinguishable from juvenile (secretory) carcinoma and from mucinous (colloid) carcinoma or mucocele-like tumor. We present a case report of intraductal cystic hypersecretory carcinoma of the breast with hormone receptor and oncogene study. The histologic differential diagnosis, with an emphasis on benign lesions that may have a predominant cystic component, is also discussed.
Breast Neoplasms ; Breast* ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Mucins ; Oncogenes

PURPOSE: The study attempted to find family perception differences between abused children and normal children by Kinetic Family Drawing. METHOD: The subjects of the study consisted of two groups, 143 abused who were in the upper 25th percentile, and 150 normal who were in the lower 25th percentile. Collected Kinetic Family Drawings were divided into five dimensions such as actions, human figure characteristics, dynamics, styles and symbols, and they was analyzed with SPSS/WIN 10.0. RESULTS: In the perception about their family in action dimension, their family in figure characteristics dimension, their family in dynamics dimensions, and their family in symbols dimension, there is a sharp contrast between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Putting these results together, abused children feel lower self-esteem and feel more sense of alienation in their family than normal children do. In addition, abused children perceive their parents as negative and aggressive people.
Child ; Child Abuse/*psychology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; *Parent-Child Relations ; Personality Assessment ; Projective Techniques ; *Self Concept

No abstract available.
Gastroenteritis*

To delineate the relationship between the nutrient intake from diet and the serum biochemical markers of bone metabolism, 56 postmenopausal women of 50 to 77 years of age were recruited. The biochemical markers including osteocalcin, calcium, phosphorus, estradiol and free testosterone were measured in fasting blood. Bone mineral density(BMD) was measured also by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, and the nutrient intake of earth individual subject was estimated by 24-hour recall of 3 days. The age of the subjects was 64.8 +/- 7.7 years, and the BMDs of the subject were 0.86 +/- 0.26g/cm2(Lumbar spine), 0.60 +/- 0.10g/cm2 (Femoral neck), 0.49 +/- 0.10g/cm2(Trochanter), and 0.41 +/- 0.14g/cm2(Ward's triangle). There were no significant differences among age and nutrient intake level groups due to the small sample size. The biochemical markers showed certain degree of relationship with nutrient intake levels. The results were compared among 3 groups with different nutrient intake level classified by the percentage of Recommended Daily Allowances(RDA) for Koreans as follows low < 75% RDA, 75% RDA < or = adequate< 125% RDA, high > or = 125% RDA. The low energy and low riboflavin groups showed significantly higher serum osteocalcin levels than those of the high intake groups(p<0.05). On the other hand, there was a trend for serum Ca level to be higher with high nutrient intake. In this case, protein and thiamin were the only nutrients that reached a statistical significance(p<0.05). And the groups with low intake for protein and Ca showed significantly lower serum free testosterone levels than that of other intake groups(p<0.05). This study suggests an important role of nutrient intake levels on blood biochemical markers of bone metabolism.
Absorptiometry, Photon ; Biomarkers* ; Calcium ; Diet ; Estradiol ; Fasting ; Female ; Hand ; Humans ; Metabolism* ; Osteocalcin ; Phosphorus ; Postmenopause ; Riboflavin ; Sample Size ; Testosterone

A 50 year old woman has lost her vision on the right eye abruptly, after subcutaneous Paraffin injection on-the forehead, for cosmetic correction of skin folds. The cause of blindness seems to be due to central retinal artery occlusion and probably to the thrombosis of ophthalmic vein too. It is likely that occlusion of the artery has develoded by compression of tile vessels from outward, but spastic occlusion of the arteries in hypersensitive reaction could not be ruled out.
Arteries ; Blindness* ; Female ; Forehead* ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Muscle Spasticity ; Paraffin* ; Retinal Artery Occlusion ; Skin ; Thrombosis ; Veins

It is very important to collect information on the nutritional status of the Korean population for the development of health promotion programs including nutrition. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutritional status of various population living in selected areas for model nutritional work. Seven hundred eighty households(30 households per each area)from 26 areas participated in this study from November 1 to November 20, 1996. Dietary intake data for two consecutive days were collected at household level by a weighting method. The mean energy intake of the subjects(1,934 kcal) was higher than that resulted from the '95 Korean National Nutrition Survey(1,839 kcal). The proportion of energy derived from cereals was 60.1%. The proportion of total protein intake from animal sources was 49.4%. These results were similar to those found in the '95 Korean National Nutrition Survey. Most nutrients(except iron, thiamin, riboflavin, vitamin C, and crude fiber) were higher than the result of the '95 Korean National Nutrition Survey. However, the average iron intake was about 68% of the result of '95 Korean National Nutrition Survey. This may be due to the adjustment of iron content in rice(3.7mg/100g-->0.5mg/100g) included in nutrient database for calculating nutrient intakes. The mean energy contribution from carbohydrate, protein, and fat were 64.2%, 16.4% and 19.4%, respectively. Significant differences of nutrient intakes were noted among some areas, which may be due to different food intake patterns according to the needs of the particular area. Therefore, the result of this study indicates that there are significant differences in food and nutrient intakes among the areas, suggesting that nutritional improvement programs may need to be developed differently by areas.
Animals ; Ascorbic Acid ; Edible Grain ; Eating ; Energy Intake ; Family Characteristics ; Health Promotion ; Iron ; Korea* ; Nutrition Surveys ; Nutritional Status* ; Riboflavin

IgG4-related systemic disease, including autoimmune pancreatitis, is a multi-organ disorder characterized by elevated serum immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) concentration and IgG4-positive plasma cell infiltration. We report a case of a 66-year-old woman with IgG4-related hearing disorder, presenting with fluctuating mixed hearing loss with middle ear effusion. The serum IgG4 level was elevated and pathological examination revealed dense infiltration of IgG4-positive lymphocyte in the renal parenchyma, lung tissue and lacrimal gland. With intravenous methylprednisolone at a dose of 60 mg daily, improvement of hearing loss were observed. No recurrence was observed for 6 months with mainternance of prednisolone and methotrexate.
Aged ; Autoimmune Diseases ; Female ; Hearing Disorders ; Hearing Loss ; Hearing Loss, Mixed Conductive-Sensorineural ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulins ; Lacrimal Apparatus ; Lung ; Lymphocytes ; Methotrexate ; Methylprednisolone ; Otitis Media with Effusion ; Pancreatitis ; Plasma Cells ; Prednisolone ; Recurrence

IgG4-related systemic disease, including autoimmune pancreatitis, is a multi-organ disorder characterized by elevated serum immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) concentration and IgG4-positive plasma cell infiltration. We report a case of a 66-year-old woman with IgG4-related hearing disorder, presenting with fluctuating mixed hearing loss with middle ear effusion. The serum IgG4 level was elevated and pathological examination revealed dense infiltration of IgG4-positive lymphocyte in the renal parenchyma, lung tissue and lacrimal gland. With intravenous methylprednisolone at a dose of 60 mg daily, improvement of hearing loss were observed. No recurrence was observed for 6 months with mainternance of prednisolone and methotrexate.
Aged ; Autoimmune Diseases ; Female ; Hearing Disorders ; Hearing Loss ; Hearing Loss, Mixed Conductive-Sensorineural ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulins ; Lacrimal Apparatus ; Lung ; Lymphocytes ; Methotrexate ; Methylprednisolone ; Otitis Media with Effusion ; Pancreatitis ; Plasma Cells ; Prednisolone ; Recurrence

No abstract available.
Hearing Loss, Sensorineural* ; Immunoglobulin G*