In this case, a CAD-CAM complete denture that can be easily remanufactured and reduced the number of visits was decided in consideration of the fact that it was difficult to visit the dental hospital and many existing dentures were lost because the patient was inpatient in a nursing hospital. In order to reflect the shape, vertical dimension, and maxillomandibular relationship of the existing provisional dentures adapted by the patient to the fabrication of the final denture, the existing provisional dentures were scanned and closed mouth impression was taken with the printed individual tray. After digital facebow transfer using UTS CAD and arranging artificial teeth in CAD software, the maxillary and mandibular complete dentures were fabricated by milling the denture base and artificial teeth at once with the monolithic disc.

The implant prosthesis of anterior maxilla requires careful consideration in planning. In order to satisfy both esthetic and functional needs of a patient, fusion of intra-oral scan in Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and facial scan can be considered. Bony structures and soft tissues captured in CBCT and occlusal surfaces of intra oral scan were incorporated into personal characteristics from facial scan. The patient had insufficient buccal bone on maxillary anterior area. The maxillary implants could not be placed on the most ideal position. However, the “top down” approach completed by computer-generated arranging of teeth in implant planning and surgery with surgical guide resulted in esthetically and functionally satisfying result regardless of the limitation. Careful diagnosis with digital technique and the usage of surgical guide resulted in successful surgery and esthetic restoration. The temporary fixed prostheses were designed, restored and evaluated. The patient was not satisfied with the first design of temporary prosthesis, which showed uneven space distribution between teeth due to the position of maxillary implant. The design was modified by changing proximal emergence contours and line angle to alter the perceived since of incisors. The patient was satisfied with the new design of provisional restoration. A digital occlusion analyzer (Arcus Digma II, KaVo, Leutkirch, Germany) was used to measure inherent condylar guidance and anterior guidance of a patient to provide a definitive prosthesis.

Esthetic restoration of maxillary anterior implant heavily depends on the direction of installation of implant fixture. In patients with malpositioned implant, it is crucial to communicate the limitations of prosthetic outcome with the patient before starting on a restoration. To facilitate the communication, three-dimensional virtual representation by superimposing facial and intraoral digital scans with Computed Tomography (CT, dicom file) was used for visualization of the limitations of prosthesis. Through digital diagnostic wax-up, the profile of right maxillary anterior incisor implant was expected to be protrusive, which the patient was not satisfied with. Since the patient already had done root canal treatment on left maxillary anterior incisor due to previous trauma, a new prosthetic design including both right and left maxillary anterior incisors was presented to the patient. The second design was chosen and his comments were delivered to dental lab. The patient was satisfied with the new prosthesis, aesthetically and functionally.

Fabrication of dentures using CAD/CAM system has the advantage of reducing the number of patient visits and reducing errors during laboratory work. After the extraction of maxillary residual teeth, this patient changed to a completely edentulous state and the stability and retention of the existing mandibular complete denture were insufficient due to the absorption of the mandibular residual ridge, so the restoration of the mandibular implant retained overdenture and maxillary complete denture were planned.By digitizing the concept of BPS (Biofunctional prosthetic system) that uses the patient’s functional movement in closed mouth technique, the vertical dimension was taken by Gnathometer CAD and digital facebow transfer was performed using UTS CAD. In this case, fabrication of maxillary complete denture and mandibular implant-retained overdenture using monolithic disc and CAD/ CAM system demonstrated favorable denture retention, stability, and support and the patient is satisfied with improved functions and esthetic of dentures.

Pericardial drainage is an important diagnostic and therapeutic option in the symptomatic patient with large amount of pericardial effusion (PE). However, when the amount of PE is relatively small, physicians are often reluctant to perform the invasive drainage of the fluid due to the increased risk of causing myocardial injury during the procedure. Even in some cases of suspected pericarditis with small amount PE, an initial empirical anti-inflammatory therapy is often recommended. A 65-year-old woman presented with mild dyspnea for two weeks. The echocardiography revealed small amount of PE. A careful fluoroscopy-guided pericardiocentesis, subsequent pericardial fluid cytology, and thorough whole body check-up demonstrated adenocarcinoma with no proven primary site. After the palliative chemotherapy, she had survived for 15 months until her death due to asphyxia. Although pericardiocentesis is considered dangerous in small amount of PE, a prompt and careful drainage may provide early detection of hidden malignancy and better survival outcome.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Aged ; Asphyxia ; Drainage ; Drug Therapy ; Dyspnea ; Echocardiography ; Female ; Humans ; Pericardial Effusion* ; Pericardial Fluid ; Pericardiocentesis* ; Pericarditis

Objectives: . Postinfectious olfactory dysfunction (PIOD) is the most common etiology of olfactory dysfunction, and olfactory training (OT) is an accepted treatment modality for PIOD. Some studies have investigated OT in Korean patients, but they involved odorants unfamiliar to Koreans or had no control group. The aim of this study was to verify the efficacy of OT in PIOD patients, using odorants familiar to Koreans and including a control group. Methods: . We enrolled a total of 104 Korean patients with PIOD over the 3-year study period. All participants were assessed using endoscopy and an olfactory function test at the baseline assessment and 3 months after OT. The olfactory function test was performed using the Korean version of Sniffin’ stick (KVSS) II. Nasal and psychological function was evaluated using a visual analog scale and the Mini-Mental State Examination. OT was performed over a period of 3 months, using five odorants (rose, lemon, cinnamon, orange, and peach). Results: . OT improved olfactory function in approximately 40% of subjects over a period of 12 weeks compared to non-OT subjects. A comparison of changes between the initial and follow-up assessments demonstrated that the OT group had significantly better olfactory results for the total KVSS II, threshold, and identification scores than the non-OT group. The degree of olfactory improvement after OT was affected by the initial score. Conclusion . The effects of OT in patients with PIOD were demonstrated in this study. A meaningful contribution of this study is that Korean patients were tested using odors familiar to them in comparison with a control group.

Microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type II (MOPD II) is an autosomal recessive inherited disorder form of primordial dwarfism, caused by mutations in the pericentrin gene. The purpose of the study was to examine the clinical and radiological features, physicochemical properties and microstructures of the tooth affected with MOPD II.
The mandibular 2nd molar was collected from the MOPD II patient. Micro-computerized tomography, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometry and Vickers microhardness analysis were performed on the MOPD II and the normal control.
The morphology of the MOPD II tooth appeared to have malformed pulp and root and showed a small size. The mineral density measurement showed that the MOPD II tooth had similar scores in the enamel, but lower scores in the root 1/2 and apical dentin compared to the normal control. The microhardness values were smaller in the cusp enamel, root 1/2 dentin and apical dentin of the MOPD II compared to the normal control.
In this study, the dental characteristics and the physicochemical properties of a tooth affected with MOPD II were analyzed to improve understanding of the oral manifestations of the disease and to assist in proper dental treatment by identifying precautions.

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) results in several characteristic clinical symptoms, including chronic pansinusitis, recurrent infections of the respiratory tract, and infertility. Concerning the rhinologic aspect, medical therapy mainly involving a combination of long-term antimicrobial agents and intranasal steroid sprays can control sinusitis in the majority of cases. But, there are no definite treatment guidelines for recalcitrant chronic sinusitis with PCD. Recently, we examined a 28-year-old male with serous otitis effusion, chronic sinusitis, and bronchiectasis, and a 4-year-old female with chronic sinusitis and serous otitis effusion. We confirmed PCD by electron microscopy and endoscopic maxillary mega-antrostomy was performed in both cases for the treatment of chronic sinusitis that was refractory to conservative management.

Objective: : To compare the anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) and posterior cervical fusion (PCF) with wide facetectomy in the treatment of parallel-shaped bony foraminal stenosis (FS). Methods: : Thirty-six patients underwent surgery due to one-or-two levels of parallel-shaped cervical FS. ACDF was performed in 16 patients, and PCF using CPS was performed in 20 patients. All patients were followed up at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. Standardized outcome measures such as Numeric rating scale (NRS) score for armeck pain and Neck disability index (NDI) were evaluated. Cervical radiographs were used to compare the C2–7 Cobb’s angle, segmental angle, and fusion rates. Results: : There was an improvement in NRS scores after both approaches for radicular arm pain (mean change -6.78 vs. -8.14, p=0.012), neck pain (mean change -1.67 vs. -4.36, p=0.038), and NDI score (-19.69 vs. -18.15, p=0.794). The segmental angle improvement was greater in the ACDF group than in the posterior group (9.4°±2.7° vs. 3.3°±5.1°, p=0.004). However, there was no significant difference in C2–7 Cobb angle between groups (16.2°±7.9° vs. 14.8°±8.5°, p=0.142). As a complication, dysphagia was observed in one case of the ACDF group. Conclusion : In the treatment of parallel-shaped bony FS up to two surgical levels, segmental angle improvement was more favorable in patients who underwent ACDF. However, PCF with wide facetectomy using CPS should be considered as an alternative treatment option in cases where the anterior approach is burdensome.

Objective: : To compare the anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) and posterior cervical fusion (PCF) with wide facetectomy in the treatment of parallel-shaped bony foraminal stenosis (FS). Methods: : Thirty-six patients underwent surgery due to one-or-two levels of parallel-shaped cervical FS. ACDF was performed in 16 patients, and PCF using CPS was performed in 20 patients. All patients were followed up at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. Standardized outcome measures such as Numeric rating scale (NRS) score for armeck pain and Neck disability index (NDI) were evaluated. Cervical radiographs were used to compare the C2–7 Cobb’s angle, segmental angle, and fusion rates. Results: : There was an improvement in NRS scores after both approaches for radicular arm pain (mean change -6.78 vs. -8.14, p=0.012), neck pain (mean change -1.67 vs. -4.36, p=0.038), and NDI score (-19.69 vs. -18.15, p=0.794). The segmental angle improvement was greater in the ACDF group than in the posterior group (9.4°±2.7° vs. 3.3°±5.1°, p=0.004). However, there was no significant difference in C2–7 Cobb angle between groups (16.2°±7.9° vs. 14.8°±8.5°, p=0.142). As a complication, dysphagia was observed in one case of the ACDF group. Conclusion : In the treatment of parallel-shaped bony FS up to two surgical levels, segmental angle improvement was more favorable in patients who underwent ACDF. However, PCF with wide facetectomy using CPS should be considered as an alternative treatment option in cases where the anterior approach is burdensome.