OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to identify the differences in nutrient intake according to using diuretics, symptom severity and degree of physical functioning in heart failure patients. METHODS: A secondary data analysis was conducted by using baseline data of an intervention study for heart failure patients. In this study, 131 heart failure patients were included. Data were collected using medical records, NYHA (New York Heart Association functional classification) class, and 6-minute-walking test and 24-hour diet recall. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square test by SPSS 21.0. Nutrient intake was assessed using CAN-pro 2.0. RESULTS: Majority of the participants consumed total calorie less than Estimated Energy Requirement (EER) and consumed carbohydrates more than 65% of their total calorie intakes. 24.4% of the participants consumed fat more than 30% of their total calorie intakes and 23.7% consumed saturated fat more than 7% of their total calorie intakes. 100.0% of the participants consumed protein less than 7% of their total calorie intakes and 73.3% of the participants consumed more than recommended intakes of sodium. More than 90.0% of the participants consumed less than adequate intakes of potassium (90.1%) and Vitamin D (91.6%), respectively. 100% and 62.6% of the participants consumed less than Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) of magnesium and Vitamin B1, respectively. Nutrient intakes in heart failure patients were different for potassium intake according to the usage of diuretics. The participants with symptom severity tended to intake protein less properly and the participants walking more than 300.0 m tended to intake sodium improperly high. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study indicated the need for screening nutrient intakes of heart failure patients. It is necessary to increase the intake of total calories and most nutrients and to restrict sodium intakes among heart failure patients.
Carbohydrates ; Diet ; Diuretics* ; Heart Failure* ; Heart* ; Humans ; Clinical Trial ; Magnesium ; Mass Screening ; Medical Records ; Potassium ; Sodium ; Statistics as Topic ; Thiamine ; Vitamin D ; Walking

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine levels of self-care behavior according to levels of depression among patients with heart failure (HF). METHODS: Participants in this descriptive research were 169 outpatients with HF who being seen in three university hospitals and one general hospital located in B, Y, and D cities. Data were collected using the Korean version of the Center for Epidemiologic Depression Scale and European Heart Failure Self-care Behavior Scale. Data collection period was from April 25, 2012 to September 26, 2013. Data were analyzed using Chi-square tests and ANOVAs with SPSS WIN 21.0. RESULTS: A higher proportion of patients who were female, without a spouse, with lower household income, not employed, and having lower functional status with serious symptoms of HF tended to be clinically depressed. HF patients with depression tended not to report symptom changes to their health care providers. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study indicate the need to screen for depression in patients with HF and to develop strategies to improve self-care behaviors in these patients in order to promote reporting of symptom changes to health care providers.
Data Collection ; Depression* ; Family Characteristics ; Female ; Health Personnel ; Heart Failure* ; Hospitals, General ; Hospitals, University ; Humans ; Outpatients ; Self Care* ; Spouses

This study aimed to develop a physical restraints education program using the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skill (IMB) model and examine its effects on physical restraint-related knowledge, attitudes, nursing practices, and person-centered care of nursing care providers in long-term care hospitals. Methods: A nonequivalent control group repeated measures quasi-experimental design was used. The participants were 54 nursing care providers (intervention group=27, control group=27) in long-term care hospitals from B city. The IMB model-based education program was developed and implemented once a week for 3 weeks. The program involved brain writing, lectures, poster or slogan creation, writing diary to reduce the use of restraint, and shouting slogans. Data were collected using self-reported questionnaires at pretest, immediately after the program completed (3 weeks after pretest), and 4 weeks after completing the program (7 weeks after pretest). Analysis was conducted using χ²-test, Fisher’s exact test, t-test, Mann-Whitney U-test, and repeated measures ANCOVA with the SPSS/WIN 28.0 program. Results: The participants consisted of nurses (40.7%), nursing assistants (40.7%), and care workers (18.5%). The education program had statistically significant effects on knowledge (F=46.38, p<.001), attitude (F=42.70, p<.001), nursing practice (F=31.29, p<.001), and person-centered care (F=27.74, p<.001) regarding physical restraints. The intervention’s effects remained for 4 weeks after the completion of the intervention. Conclusion: This education program effectively enhanced nursing care providers’ knowledge, attitude, nursing practice, and person-centered care concerning physical restraints. Future research is warranted to provide a regularly repeated program and evaluate the direct effects on the frequency of physical restraints for nursing care providers in long-term care hospitals.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore the current status of education for nursing management in Korea. METHODS: A descriptive study was done using a questionnaire developed by the investigators. The data were collected by survey from 96 out of 129 nursing schools, between December 2010 and February 2011. RESULTS: For 22.9% of nursing schools, there was no faculty for nursing management. The credits and subjects included in nursing management varied among the nursing schools. Lectures in subjects related to nursing management were given not only by nursing management faculty but also by faculty with other majors. There were more faculty and credits for nursing management courses in 4-year nursing schools than in 3-year schools. CONCLUSION: To improve the quality of education in nursing management, there is a need to standardized courses and provide nursing faculty who have majored in nursing management.
Faculty, Nursing ; Humans ; Lectures ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Research Personnel ; Schools, Nursing

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the major trends of research in the Journal of Korean Nursing Administration from 2007 to 2009. METHOD: Research designs, participants, research domains, and key words were analyzed from the Journal of Korean Nursing Administration. RESULTS: Job satisfaction, organizational commitment, job stress, turnover intention, nursing performance, self-efficiency, leadership, empowerment, nursing informatics, and quality control were the major key words commonly listed in the journal articles. Of the research in the Nursing Administration Journal, quantitative methods were used in 94.5% of the research studies and qualitative methods in only 5.5%. The major participants in the research were nurses, nurse managers, and patients. Statistical methods like ANOVA, correlation, t-test, regression, chi-square test, LISREL were the dominant method of analysis used in the research. The primary domains in the journal articles were directing, organizing, control, planning, and informatics. CONCLUSION: Through this study, the trend of research in nursing administration can be identified. We recommend that collaboration, nurse work environment, evidence-based practice, scheduling, coaching, patient falls and safety, and positive culture should be included as topics for the future research.
Cooperative Behavior ; Evidence-Based Practice ; Humans ; Intention ; Job Satisfaction ; Nurse Administrators ; Nursing Informatics ; Power (Psychology) ; Quality Control ; Research Design

BACKGROUND: Omega-3 fatty acids derived from fish oil have been reported to exert a beneficial effect on reducing cardiovascular disease. Reports about their mechanism have generated several interesting findings, including a change in small dense low density lipoprotein (sdLDL) cholesterol proportion, adiponectin, and apolipoprotein B (apoB), in addition to changes in the lipid profile. The principal objective of our study was to evaluate the effects of omega-3 fatty acids on plasma sdLDL, adiponectin, apoB100, and B48 in type 2 diabetic patients with hypertriglyceridemia. METHODS: We randomized 28 type 2 diabetic patients in a placebo-controlled, double-blind trial to receive either omega-3 fatty acids or placebo, both administered at a dose of 4 g daily for 12 weeks. LDL subfractions prior to and after treatment were separated via low-speed ultracentrifugation and analyzed via immunoelectrophoresis. Adiponectin, apoB100, and B48 levels were measured using an ELISA kit. RESULTS: sdLDL proportions were reduced in the omega-3 fatty acids group by 11% after 12 weeks of treatment (n = 17, P = 0.001), and were reduced by 4% in the control group (n = 11, P = 0.096). The patients receiving the omega-3 fatty acids evidenced a significant reduction in the levels of triglyceride (P = 0.001), apoB100, and B48 after 12 weeks (P = 0.038 and P = 0.009, respectively) relative to the baseline. Omega-3 fatty acids supplementation increased fasting blood glucose (P = 0.011), but the levels of HbA1c in each group did not change to a statistically significance degree. The adiponectin value was not reduced in the omega-3 fatty acids group (P = 0.133); by way of contrast, the placebo group evidenced a significant reduction in adiponectin value after 12 weeks (P = 0.002). CONCLUSION: Omega-3 fatty acid treatment proved effective in the reduction of atherogenic sdLDL and apoB in type 2 diabetic patients (Clinical trials reg. no. NCT 00758927, clinicaltrials.gov).
Adiponectin ; Apolipoprotein B-48 ; Apolipoproteins ; Apolipoproteins B ; Blood Glucose ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Cholesterol ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Fasting ; Fatty Acids, Omega-3 ; Humans ; Immunoelectrophoresis ; Lipoproteins ; Plasma ; Ultracentrifugation

BACKGROUND: To accelerate the healing of diabetic wounds, various kinds of growth factors have been employed. It is the short half-life of administered growth factors in hostile wound beds that have limited wide-spread clinical usage. To overcome this limitation, growth factor gene therapy could be an attractive alternative rather than direct application of factors onto the wound beds. We administered two growth factor DNAs, epidermal growth factor (EGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) into a cutaneous wound on diabetic mice. We compared the different characteristics of the healing wounds. METHODS: Streptozotocin was injected intraperitoneally to induce diabetes into C57BL/6J mice. The ultrasound micro-bubble destruction method with SonoVue as a bubbling agent was used for non-viral gene delivery of EGF828 and VEGF165 DNAs. Each gene was modified for increasing efficacy as FRM-EGF828 or minicircle VEGF165. The degree of neoangiogenesis was assessed using qualitative laser Doppler flowmetry. We compared wound size and histological findings of the skin wounds in each group. RESULTS: In both groups, accelerated wound closure was observed in the mice receiving gene therapy compared with non treated diabetic control mice. Blood flow detected by laser doppler flowmetry was better in the VEGF group than in the EGF group. Wound healing rates and histological findings were more accelerated in the EGF gene therapy group than the VEGF group, but were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Both non-viral EGF and VEGF gene therapy administrations could improve the speed and quality of skin wound healing. However, the detailed histological characteristics of the healing wounds were different.
Animals ; DNA ; Epidermal Growth Factor ; Genetic Therapy ; Half-Life ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Laser-Doppler Flowmetry ; Mice ; Phospholipids ; Skin ; Streptozocin ; Sulfur Hexafluoride ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; Wound Healing

Objective: ：The available normative data for the phonemic fluency test in Korean older adults have concerns for its utility. The aim of the currently study is to provide the normative data that overcome the issues of the previous norms. Methods: ：Total of 443 middle- and old-aged non-demented adults participated in this study. All participants underwent comprehensive assessments conducted by trained psychiatrists and psychologists. Diagnosis was made based on formal guidelines prior to administering the phonemic fluency test. Results: ：The norms on two age groups (50-59 and 60-90 years) with different strata of the education levels for the age groups are provided. Conclusion ：The goal of the current study, which was to overcome the shortcomings of the previously published normative data and establish an updated reference for the Korean version of the phonemic fluency test, is achieved.