No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans

Drug-induced parkinsonism (DIP) is the second-most-common etiology of parkinsonism in the elderly after Parkinson's disease (PD). Many patients with DIP may be misdiagnosed with PD because the clinical features of these two conditions are indistinguishable. Moreover, neurological deficits in patients with DIP may be severe enough to affect daily activities and may persist for long periods of time after the cessation of drug taking. In addition to typical antipsychotics, DIP may be caused by gastrointestinal prokinetics, calcium channel blockers, atypical antipsychotics, and antiepileptic drugs. The clinical manifestations of DIP are classically described as bilateral and symmetric parkinsonism without tremor at rest. However, about half of DIP patients show asymmetrical parkinsonism and tremor at rest, making it difficult to differentiate DIP from PD. The pathophysiology of DIP is related to drug-induced changes in the basal ganglia motor circuit secondary to dopaminergic receptor blockade. Since these effects are limited to postsynaptic dopaminergic receptors, it is expected that presynaptic dopaminergic neurons in the striatum will be intact. Dopamine transporter (DAT) imaging is useful for diagnosing presynaptic parkinsonism. DAT uptake in the striatum is significantly decreased even in the early stage of PD, and this characteristic may help in differentiating PD from DIP. DIP may have a significant and longstanding effect on patients' daily lives, and so physicians should be cautious when prescribing dopaminergic receptor blockers and should monitor patients' neurological signs, especially for parkinsonism and other movement disorders.
Aged ; Anticonvulsants ; Antipsychotic Agents ; Basal Ganglia ; Calcium Channel Blockers ; Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins ; Dopaminergic Neurons ; Humans ; Movement Disorders ; Organothiophosphorus Compounds ; Parkinson Disease ; Parkinsonian Disorders ; Tremor

No abstract available.
Metallothionein*

T cell lymphoblastic lymphoma is characterized by immature lymphoid cells that are indistinguishable from the lymphoblasts and prolymphocytes of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Several characteristic clinical features of lymphoblastic lymphoma, with include a high male-to-female ratio, a relatively high incidence in older children and young adults, the frequent presence of mediastinal involvement at the time of diagnosis. Also, this disease is rapidly progressive, and early dissemination to the bone marrow, blood, and central nervous system leads to the evolution of a picture resembling a acute lymphoblastic leukemia. We have experienced a rare case of congenital T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma in which 1/365 year old female newborn had generalized multiple irregular protruding mass on her body. On bone marrow biopsy, CSF analysis, ultrasonogram and whole body MRI studies. We found metastasized tumor mass to, orbit, abdominal cavity, bulva, skin, and lower extremities. Histopathologically, specimen from mass on the right thigh showed diffuse infiltration of poorly differentiated and immature lymphoid cells in the skelectal muscle and subcutaneous soft tissue. By immunophenotyping studies using anti T cell and B cell monoclonal antibody, these cells were reactive with UCHL-1, MB2, but unreactive with MB1, L26. Based on these findings, the lesion was diagnosed as lymphoblastic lymphoma of the T-cell type, which occurred congenitally. Most T cell lymphoblastic lymphoma are noted, but congenital case was not reported. So we report it with a brief review of literature.
Abdominal Cavity ; Biopsy ; Bone Marrow ; Central Nervous System ; Child ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn ; Lower Extremity ; Lymphocytes ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Orbit ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma* ; Skin ; T-Lymphocytes ; Thigh ; Ultrasonography ; Young Adult

No abstract available.
Sarcoma 180* ; Sarcoma*

To evaluate the historical trend of anesthetic experience for the past 22 years a total of 68,473 cases which were performed at the National Medical Center from 1959 to 1981 were studied. To simplify the analysis statistically, the author selected the anesthetic cases every other year(12 years). 1) General anesthesia was performed in more than 78% of the total cases and of this number endotracheal intubation has been used with increasing frequency(average 92.8%). 2) For intravenous induction, thiopental sodium was used as the main agent, in more than 90% since 1980. 3) Trichlorethylene, cyclopropane and ethylchloride which had been used since 1961, were abandoned from 1978 except for training purposes. Methoxyflurane was used from 1973 to 1979, but given up there after because of it's nephrotoxicity. The use of halothane has steadily increased(86% of the total inhalation anesthetics) and ethrane has also been used with increasing frequency since 1980. 4) Pancuronium has been used as a primary muscle relaxant instead of gallamine and D-tubocurarine which had been used as the main durgs from 1959 till 1979. 5) Innovar and morphine as intravenous anesthetics, have recently been with increasing grequency.
Anesthesia, General ; Anesthetics, Intravenous ; Enflurane ; Gallamine Triethiodide ; Halothane ; Inhalation ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Methoxyflurane ; Morphine ; Pancuronium ; Thiopental ; Tubocurarine

The purposes of this study were to analyze the consumer inclination to convenience towards HMR in order to verify the structural correlation of the actual state of consumption, and to analyze consequently, the direct or indirect effects among 'frequency of using,' 'preference', 'satisfaction', and 'intention to repurchase'. The subjects were adults in their twenties or older who had used HMRs and lived in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province in Korea. Random sampling of 550 subjects, who were distributed a questionnaire from March 12 to 30, 2005. A total of 451 questionnaires were returned (the return rates were 82%). The main results of this study were as follows : Regarding the types of HMR, 'Ready to eat' had higher preference (3.31), satisfaction (3.33) and 'intention to purchase it again' (3.38) than those of 'Ready to heat' and 'Ready to end-cook.' Consumer inclination to convenience towards HMR was analyzed in order to verify the structural correlation of the actual state of consumption, and consequently, the direct or indirect effects among 'frequency of using,' 'preference', 'satisfaction', and 'intention to repurchase' were analyzed. The gross effect of 'frequency of using' on 'intention to repurchase' was 0.435, the gross effect of preference on 'intention to purchase it again' was 0.659, and the gross effect of satisfaction on 'intention to purchase it again' was 0.772 for 'Ready to eat.' The gross effect of 'frequency of using' on 'intention to repurchase' was 0.448, the gross effect of preference on 'intention to repurchase' was 0.556, and the gross effect of satisfaction on 'intention to repurchase' was 0.654 for 'Ready to heat.' The gross effect of 'frequency of using' on 'intention to repurchase' was 0.432, the gross effect of preference on 'intention to repurchase' was 0.494, and the gross effect of satisfaction on 'intention to repurchase' was 0.608 for 'Ready to end-cook.' To summerize the above results, there was a difference of the structural correlation among component concepts of the actual state of consuming according to the criteria of HMR. Thus, it implied that differentiated sales strategies were needed according to the criteria of HMR.
Adult ; Commerce ; Gyeonggi-do ; Humans ; Intention* ; Korea ; Meals* ; Seoul ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans

We conducted environmental cultures for carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) to evaluate the environmental contamination around patients with CPE. CPE was detected in the environmental cultures of four of the nine intensive care unit (ICU) inpatients with CPE. All four isolates were collected from sink surfaces in isolation rooms within the ICU. CPE isolates from the environment differed from those isolated from patients and had different carbapenemases. Even though CPE isolates from the environment of the ICU were not associated with CPE isolates from patients, the repeated isolation of CPE from sinks over several months is alarming.