No abstract available.
Immune System* ; Neuropeptides* ; Substance P*

No abstract available.
Primary Health Care*

No Abstracts Available.
Asthma* ; Neuropeptides*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Brain* ; Excitatory Amino Acids* ; N-Methylaspartate* ; Rats* ; Receptors, Glutamate* ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate*

A Prospective study was done about incidence and treatment of hemodynamically significant' patent ductus arteriosus in premature infants admitted to neonatal intensive care unit of Ewha University Hospital from Feb. 1984 for one year. The results were as follows; 1) Among 46 infants with birth weight less than 2,000gm and gestational period 36 wks, 15(32.6%) developed a hemodynamically significant PDA. 2) The incidence of respiratory distress syndrome was six times higher in PDA group than that of non-PDA group(73.3% vs 12.9%). 3) The need for ventilatory assistance was five times higher in PDA group than that of non-PDA group(80% vs 16.1%). 4) The mortality rate was 40% in PDA group, 15% in non-PDA group. 5) The ratio of left atrium to aorta(LA/AO) in M-mode echocardiography was significantly higher in PDA group than that of non-PDA group(1.21+/-0.18 vs 0.93+/-0.23). 6) Indomethacin treated with usual medical therapy resulted in ductal closure in 80%, 20% with usual medical therapy only. 7) The mean LA/AO ratio was significantly decreased after indomethacin treatment(1.15+/-0.13 vs 1.21+/-0.18). 8) The change of the value of plasma sodium and potassium was not significant during indomethacin therapy, whereas BUN, creatinine value was increased during treatment, but that was reversible.
Birth Weight ; Creatinine ; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent* ; Echocardiography ; Heart Atria ; Humans ; Incidence ; Indomethacin ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature* ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Mortality ; Plasma ; Potassium ; Prospective Studies ; Sodium

The ulnar nerve entrapment at the wrist is usually caused by carpal ganglion, occupational neuritis, ulnar artery disease, fractures of the carpal bones, tumors, rheumatioid arthritis, etc. The ganglion is the most common cause of the distal ulnar nerve entrapment. A fort-two years old woman complained of insidious motor weakness of the left hand. The electromyogram revealed distal ulnar nerve palsy. On examination, her sensibility of affected hand was normal; there were no Tinel's sign and palpable mass on the Guyon's canal and palm; there was obvious wasting of all the interossei. On surgical exploration, the deep branch of the ulnar nerve was compressed by a ganglion at the mid-palmar space, not in the Guyon's canal. Four months after removal, the clawing of the 4th and 5th fingers disappeared, and the pinch power of the left hand recovered normally seventeen months later.
Animals ; Arteries ; Arthritis ; Carpal Bones ; Female ; Fingers ; Ganglion Cysts ; Hand ; Hoof and Claw ; Humans ; Paralysis ; Ulnar Nerve Compression Syndromes ; Ulnar Nerve ; Ulnar Neuropathies

During recent 3 years, the authors had treated surgically 31 patients who have had old nerve injuries. 19 patients(21 nerves) of them could be followed for more than 1 year after operation. Of these patients, children were 5 and adults were 14. The elapsed time from the injury were from 3 weeks to 20 months(18 cases under 6months and 3 cases above 6 months). The methods of operation were epineural suture(4 cases), grouped interfascicular suture(8 cases), neurolysis(8cases) and nerve graft(1 case). There were satisfactory or good results in 9 nerves of the 21 old nerve injuries. In 4 of 5 children and 5 of 16 adults, good results were obtained. There were 2, 6 satisfactory or good results in 4 epineural sutures and 8 grouped interfascicular sutures and all poor results in 8 neurolyses. One case treated with nerve graft with sural nerve was showed good result. 9 cases of 18 old injuried nerves under 6 months from injury were good results. All 3 cases over 6 months from injury were poor results.
Adult ; Child ; Humans ; Sural Nerve ; Sutures ; Transplants

The purpose of this study is to observe the changes in 99mTc-MDP uptake of the tibia during blood-flow and skeletal phases and determine the clear borderline between both phases. Serial 99mTc-MDP uptake measurements were performed, as control, in ten matured rabbits with skin incision only and in thirty matured rabbits with fractures of middle and distal one-third of tibia, at ten minutes, thirty minutes, one hour, two hours and four hours after injection of bolus. A value in uptake ratio was calculated by measurements of 99mTc-MDP uptake at each observation time for analogous regions of normal and fractured tibia applied with or without tourniquet. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Group I (skin incision only in ten rabbits) 1) Without tourniquet, the mean 99mTc-MDP uptake ratio tibia was value of 1.05 at ten minutes, 0.97 at thirty minutes, 0.99 at one hour, 1.01 at two hours, 0.97 at three hours and 1.08 at four hours. 2) With tourniquet, the mean 99mTc-MDP uptake ratio of tibia was value of 0.61 at ten minutes, 0.64 at thirty minutes, 0.76 at one hour, 0.98 at two hours, 0.94 at three hours and 1.05 at four hours. 2. Group II (fracture with K-wire fixation in twenty rabbits) 1) Without tourniquet, the mean 99mTc-MDP uptake of tibia was value of 0.73 at ten minutes and 0.80 at two hours. 2) With tourniquet, the mean 99mTc-MDP uptake ratio of tibia was value of 0.45 at ten minutes and 0.76 at two hours. 3) There were no significant change of the 99mTc-MDP uptake ratio in two to four hours after fracture whether the tourniquet was applied on or not. 3. In cases with tourniquet application, there were no significant changes of 99mTc-MDP uptake ratio during two to four hours in group I anda II. This experiments suggest the optimal time for evaluation of the skeletal phase is in two hours following the injection of bolus (99mTc-MDP).
Rabbits ; Skin ; Technetium Tc 99m Medronate ; Tibia ; Tourniquets

Well-being has been considered to be an important nursing concept. However, there is no agreement among nurse researchers as to a conceptual definition of well-being and a similar concept to well -being. Clarification of the concept, well-being in nursing, is necessary to promote communication among nurses and to efficiently apply nursing intervention. This research was designed to analyze the concept and to make a definition of well-being in the lives of Korean Elderly. The study used the concept analysis approach developed by Walker and Avant(1995), and interviews. Firstly, well-being was defined as the balance and harmony of the internal and external environments and as the pursuit of improvement. Attributes of well-being were defined as follows: 1) homeostasis 2) harmony 3) fulfilment 4) pursuit of improvement And empirical referents were followed as: 1) health status, degree of activities of daily living, 2) degree of happiness, degree of satisfaction, 3) self-efficacy, self-esteem, 4) support, interpersonal relationships, social-leisure activity, 5) economic status, 6) degree of belief, 7) space and facilities Consequently, this study has identified the definition and attributes of "well -being" and has located empirical referents through concept analysis and interviews.
Activities of Daily Living ; Aged* ; Happiness ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Nursing

PURPOSE: Although breast reconstruction provides some advantages for women following mastectomy, few Korean breast cancer patients currently receive such reconstruction. Routine provision of breast reconstruction requires simplicity and easy availability for the procedure. This paper reports the possibility of performing breast reconstruction by insertion of a tissue expander by the breast surgeon. METHODS: We studied 22 cases of breast cancer patients who were treated in the Breast service of KangNam Cha Hospital. Nine cases were the group of immediate expander insertion and 13 were the group of MRM only. We evaluated age, histopathologic stage, starting time of chemotherapy, operation time, drainage amounts and periods, medication periods, time of discharge and depression score. RESULTS: The mean age of the expander insertion group was 41, which was younger than that of the MRM only group by 3 years. Histopathologic state was better in the expander insertion group and the time for chemotherapy start was almost the same between the two groups. Mean operation time in the expander insertion group was 2 hours and 41 minutes, and it was longer than the MRM only group by 1 hour, but it included additional wasting time to check the results of frozen biopsy. Periods for drainage were longer and amounts were larger, but this only delayed the medication period and time for discharge by two days. There were no other complications and mental suffering was alleviated. CONCLUSION: Tissue expander insertion for breast reconstruction could be offered on a routine basis by breast surgeons without problems. Breast reconstruction will become a more essential process for breast cancer patients to improve the quality of life. It is ideal if the same surgeon participates in both oncology and reconstruction surgery.
Biopsy ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Depression ; Drainage ; Drug Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Mammaplasty* ; Mastectomy* ; Quality of Life ; Stress, Psychological ; Tissue Expansion Devices*