Purpose: This study analyzed the pathological complete response (pCR) rates, long-term outcomes, and biological features of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-zero, HER2-low, and HER2-positive breast cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant treatment. Methods: This single-center study included 1,667 patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy from 2008 to 2014. Patients were categorized by HER2 status, and their clinicopathological characteristics, chemotherapy responses, and recurrence-free survival (RFS) rates were analyzed. Results: Patients with HER2-low tumors were more likely to be older (p = 0.081), have a lower histological grade (p < 0.001), and have hormone receptor (HorR)-positive tumors (p < 0.001). The HER2-positive group exhibited the highest pCR rate (23.3%), followed by the HER2-zero (15.5%) and HER2-low (10.9%) groups. However, the pCR rate did not differ between HER2-low and HER2-zero tumors in the HorR-positive or HorR-negative subgroups.The 5-year RFS rates increased in the following order: HER2-low, HER2-positive, and HER2-zero (80.0%, 77.5%, and 74.5%, respectively) (log-rank test p = 0.017). A significant survival difference between patients with HER2-low and HER2-zero tumors was only identified in HorR-negative tumors (5-year RFS for HER2-low, 74.5% vs. HER2-zero, 66.0%; log-rank test p-value = 0.04). Multivariate survival analysis revealed that achieving a pCR was the most significant factor associated with improved survival (hazard ratio [HR], 4.279; p < 0.001).Compared with HER2-zero, the HRs for HER2-low and HER2-positive tumors were 0.787 (p = 0.042) and 0.728 (p = 0.005), respectively. After excluding patients who received HER2-targeted therapy, patients with HER2-low tumors exhibited better RFS than those with HER2-zero (HR 0.784, p = 0.04), whereas those with HER2-positive tumors exhibited no significant difference compared with those with HER2-low tumors (HR, 0.975; p = 0.953). Conclusion Patients with HER2-low tumors had no significant difference in pCR rate compared to HER2-zero but showed better survival, especially in HorR-negative tumors.Further investigation into biological differences is warranted.

Purpose: This study analyzed the pathological complete response (pCR) rates, long-term outcomes, and biological features of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-zero, HER2-low, and HER2-positive breast cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant treatment. Methods: This single-center study included 1,667 patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy from 2008 to 2014. Patients were categorized by HER2 status, and their clinicopathological characteristics, chemotherapy responses, and recurrence-free survival (RFS) rates were analyzed. Results: Patients with HER2-low tumors were more likely to be older (p = 0.081), have a lower histological grade (p < 0.001), and have hormone receptor (HorR)-positive tumors (p < 0.001). The HER2-positive group exhibited the highest pCR rate (23.3%), followed by the HER2-zero (15.5%) and HER2-low (10.9%) groups. However, the pCR rate did not differ between HER2-low and HER2-zero tumors in the HorR-positive or HorR-negative subgroups.The 5-year RFS rates increased in the following order: HER2-low, HER2-positive, and HER2-zero (80.0%, 77.5%, and 74.5%, respectively) (log-rank test p = 0.017). A significant survival difference between patients with HER2-low and HER2-zero tumors was only identified in HorR-negative tumors (5-year RFS for HER2-low, 74.5% vs. HER2-zero, 66.0%; log-rank test p-value = 0.04). Multivariate survival analysis revealed that achieving a pCR was the most significant factor associated with improved survival (hazard ratio [HR], 4.279; p < 0.001).Compared with HER2-zero, the HRs for HER2-low and HER2-positive tumors were 0.787 (p = 0.042) and 0.728 (p = 0.005), respectively. After excluding patients who received HER2-targeted therapy, patients with HER2-low tumors exhibited better RFS than those with HER2-zero (HR 0.784, p = 0.04), whereas those with HER2-positive tumors exhibited no significant difference compared with those with HER2-low tumors (HR, 0.975; p = 0.953). Conclusion Patients with HER2-low tumors had no significant difference in pCR rate compared to HER2-zero but showed better survival, especially in HorR-negative tumors.Further investigation into biological differences is warranted.

Purpose: This study analyzed the pathological complete response (pCR) rates, long-term outcomes, and biological features of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-zero, HER2-low, and HER2-positive breast cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant treatment. Methods: This single-center study included 1,667 patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy from 2008 to 2014. Patients were categorized by HER2 status, and their clinicopathological characteristics, chemotherapy responses, and recurrence-free survival (RFS) rates were analyzed. Results: Patients with HER2-low tumors were more likely to be older (p = 0.081), have a lower histological grade (p < 0.001), and have hormone receptor (HorR)-positive tumors (p < 0.001). The HER2-positive group exhibited the highest pCR rate (23.3%), followed by the HER2-zero (15.5%) and HER2-low (10.9%) groups. However, the pCR rate did not differ between HER2-low and HER2-zero tumors in the HorR-positive or HorR-negative subgroups.The 5-year RFS rates increased in the following order: HER2-low, HER2-positive, and HER2-zero (80.0%, 77.5%, and 74.5%, respectively) (log-rank test p = 0.017). A significant survival difference between patients with HER2-low and HER2-zero tumors was only identified in HorR-negative tumors (5-year RFS for HER2-low, 74.5% vs. HER2-zero, 66.0%; log-rank test p-value = 0.04). Multivariate survival analysis revealed that achieving a pCR was the most significant factor associated with improved survival (hazard ratio [HR], 4.279; p < 0.001).Compared with HER2-zero, the HRs for HER2-low and HER2-positive tumors were 0.787 (p = 0.042) and 0.728 (p = 0.005), respectively. After excluding patients who received HER2-targeted therapy, patients with HER2-low tumors exhibited better RFS than those with HER2-zero (HR 0.784, p = 0.04), whereas those with HER2-positive tumors exhibited no significant difference compared with those with HER2-low tumors (HR, 0.975; p = 0.953). Conclusion Patients with HER2-low tumors had no significant difference in pCR rate compared to HER2-zero but showed better survival, especially in HorR-negative tumors.Further investigation into biological differences is warranted.

Background: Dynapenia is one of several important factors determining the prognosis of patients with diabetes mellitus. The present study aimed to identify factors associated with dynapenia in older Korean adults with diabetes. Methods: Based on information from the 2014–2019 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, data from 1,769 patients with diabetes ≥65 years of age were analyzed. Dynapenia was defined grip strength <28 kg in males and <18 kg in females. Subjects were divided into a dynapenia group and a normal group according to sex, and logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze factors associated with dynapenia. Results: The prevalence of dynapenia in the entire cohort was 29.8% (n=499), with 21.6% (n=183) of 860 males and 37.2% (n=316) of 909 females. The odds ratio of dynapenia increased with advancing age in both males and females. After multivariable analysis, the factors significantly associated with dynapenia were lack of regular strength exercise (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 3.188; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.751–5.806) and body mass index (aOR, 0.908 per 1 kg/m 2 ; 95% CI, 0.845–0.975) among male, and lack of regular aerobic exercise (aOR, 1.511; 95% CI, 1.033–2.209) among females. Conclusion Advancing age in Korean adult males and females with diabetes exhibited a statistically significant association with dynapenia. In addition, significant associations with dynapenia were observed in males with lower body mass index and males who did not engage in regular strength exercise. A lack of regular aerobic exercise was statistically associated with dynapenia among females.

Rare endocrine diseases are complex conditions that require lifelong specialized care due to their chronic nature and associated long-term complications. In Korea, a lack of nationwide data on clinical practice and outcomes has limited progress in patient care. Therefore, the Multicenter Networks for Ideal Outcomes of Pediatric Rare Endocrine and Metabolic Disease (OUTSPREAD) study was initiated. This study involves 30 centers across Korea. The study aims to improve the long-term prognosis of Korean patients with rare endocrine diseases by collecting comprehensive clinical data, biospecimens, and patient-reported outcomes to identify complications and unmet needs in patient care. Patients with childhood-onset pituitary, adrenal, or gonadal disorders, such as craniopharyngioma, congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), and Turner syndrome were prioritized. The planned enrollment is 1,300 patients during the first study phase (2022–2024). Clinical, biochemical, and imaging data from diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up during 1980–2023 were retrospectively reviewed. For patients who agreed to participate in the prospective cohort, clinical data and biospecimens will be prospectively collected to discover ideal biomarkers that predict the effectiveness of disease control measures and prognosis. Patient-reported outcomes, including quality of life and depression scales, will be evaluated to assess psychosocial outcomes. Additionally, a substudy on CAH patients will develop a steroid hormone profiling method using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to improve diagnosis and monitoring of treatment outcomes. This study will address unmet clinical needs by discovering ideal biomarkers, introducing evidence-based treatment guidelines, and ultimately improving long-term outcomes in the areas of rare endocrine and metabolic diseases.

Background: Dynapenia is one of several important factors determining the prognosis of patients with diabetes mellitus. The present study aimed to identify factors associated with dynapenia in older Korean adults with diabetes. Methods: Based on information from the 2014–2019 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, data from 1,769 patients with diabetes ≥65 years of age were analyzed. Dynapenia was defined grip strength <28 kg in males and <18 kg in females. Subjects were divided into a dynapenia group and a normal group according to sex, and logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze factors associated with dynapenia. Results: The prevalence of dynapenia in the entire cohort was 29.8% (n=499), with 21.6% (n=183) of 860 males and 37.2% (n=316) of 909 females. The odds ratio of dynapenia increased with advancing age in both males and females. After multivariable analysis, the factors significantly associated with dynapenia were lack of regular strength exercise (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 3.188; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.751–5.806) and body mass index (aOR, 0.908 per 1 kg/m 2 ; 95% CI, 0.845–0.975) among male, and lack of regular aerobic exercise (aOR, 1.511; 95% CI, 1.033–2.209) among females. Conclusion Advancing age in Korean adult males and females with diabetes exhibited a statistically significant association with dynapenia. In addition, significant associations with dynapenia were observed in males with lower body mass index and males who did not engage in regular strength exercise. A lack of regular aerobic exercise was statistically associated with dynapenia among females.

Background: The development of endovascular devices and clinical experience, recanalization rate after intraarterial thrombectomy (IA-Tx) has increased. Recent papers reported that the amount of perfusion/diffusion (P/D)-mismatching in digital analysis from computer tomography perfusion (CTP) image is well correlated well with P/D-mismatching from magnetic resonance image. The purpose of this study is compare the patient clinical outcomes after IA-Tx, judging from CTP based and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) based study. Methods: : 218 patients with anterior circulation large vessel occlusion (LVO) treated by IA-Tx were included in this analysis. In the MRI group (n=80), P/D-mismatching from MRI based image analysis by visual method and in the CTP group (n=138), and recently, P/D-mismatching was decided by automatized computer programmatic analyzed from CTP based image (Syngo.via program). Results: Favorable outcome (modified Rankin Score: 0–2), mortality, recanalization, and clinically significant hemorrhage was 56.3% (45/80), 6.25% (5/80), 81.3% (65/80) and 25% (20/80) in MRI group and 4.9% (62/138), 8.9%(18/138), 91.3%(126/138) and 40.6% (56/138) in CTP group (p=0.000, 0.235, 0.007 and 0.013). Reperfusion injury (27.5% vs, 15.0%, p=0.018) but favorable outcome was high 55.0% vs. 44.9 $, p=0.00) in the MRI study group. Conclusion : In our study, patient selection according to the P/D-mismatching from MR-based imaging and CTP-based image was not different in final clinical outcome. Recent IA-Tx, showed high recanalization rate but it also cause high incidence of reperfusion injury.

Rare endocrine diseases are complex conditions that require lifelong specialized care due to their chronic nature and associated long-term complications. In Korea, a lack of nationwide data on clinical practice and outcomes has limited progress in patient care. Therefore, the Multicenter Networks for Ideal Outcomes of Pediatric Rare Endocrine and Metabolic Disease (OUTSPREAD) study was initiated. This study involves 30 centers across Korea. The study aims to improve the long-term prognosis of Korean patients with rare endocrine diseases by collecting comprehensive clinical data, biospecimens, and patient-reported outcomes to identify complications and unmet needs in patient care. Patients with childhood-onset pituitary, adrenal, or gonadal disorders, such as craniopharyngioma, congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), and Turner syndrome were prioritized. The planned enrollment is 1,300 patients during the first study phase (2022–2024). Clinical, biochemical, and imaging data from diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up during 1980–2023 were retrospectively reviewed. For patients who agreed to participate in the prospective cohort, clinical data and biospecimens will be prospectively collected to discover ideal biomarkers that predict the effectiveness of disease control measures and prognosis. Patient-reported outcomes, including quality of life and depression scales, will be evaluated to assess psychosocial outcomes. Additionally, a substudy on CAH patients will develop a steroid hormone profiling method using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to improve diagnosis and monitoring of treatment outcomes. This study will address unmet clinical needs by discovering ideal biomarkers, introducing evidence-based treatment guidelines, and ultimately improving long-term outcomes in the areas of rare endocrine and metabolic diseases.

Background: Dynapenia is one of several important factors determining the prognosis of patients with diabetes mellitus. The present study aimed to identify factors associated with dynapenia in older Korean adults with diabetes. Methods: Based on information from the 2014–2019 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, data from 1,769 patients with diabetes ≥65 years of age were analyzed. Dynapenia was defined grip strength <28 kg in males and <18 kg in females. Subjects were divided into a dynapenia group and a normal group according to sex, and logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze factors associated with dynapenia. Results: The prevalence of dynapenia in the entire cohort was 29.8% (n=499), with 21.6% (n=183) of 860 males and 37.2% (n=316) of 909 females. The odds ratio of dynapenia increased with advancing age in both males and females. After multivariable analysis, the factors significantly associated with dynapenia were lack of regular strength exercise (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 3.188; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.751–5.806) and body mass index (aOR, 0.908 per 1 kg/m 2 ; 95% CI, 0.845–0.975) among male, and lack of regular aerobic exercise (aOR, 1.511; 95% CI, 1.033–2.209) among females. Conclusion Advancing age in Korean adult males and females with diabetes exhibited a statistically significant association with dynapenia. In addition, significant associations with dynapenia were observed in males with lower body mass index and males who did not engage in regular strength exercise. A lack of regular aerobic exercise was statistically associated with dynapenia among females.

Rare endocrine diseases are complex conditions that require lifelong specialized care due to their chronic nature and associated long-term complications. In Korea, a lack of nationwide data on clinical practice and outcomes has limited progress in patient care. Therefore, the Multicenter Networks for Ideal Outcomes of Pediatric Rare Endocrine and Metabolic Disease (OUTSPREAD) study was initiated. This study involves 30 centers across Korea. The study aims to improve the long-term prognosis of Korean patients with rare endocrine diseases by collecting comprehensive clinical data, biospecimens, and patient-reported outcomes to identify complications and unmet needs in patient care. Patients with childhood-onset pituitary, adrenal, or gonadal disorders, such as craniopharyngioma, congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), and Turner syndrome were prioritized. The planned enrollment is 1,300 patients during the first study phase (2022–2024). Clinical, biochemical, and imaging data from diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up during 1980–2023 were retrospectively reviewed. For patients who agreed to participate in the prospective cohort, clinical data and biospecimens will be prospectively collected to discover ideal biomarkers that predict the effectiveness of disease control measures and prognosis. Patient-reported outcomes, including quality of life and depression scales, will be evaluated to assess psychosocial outcomes. Additionally, a substudy on CAH patients will develop a steroid hormone profiling method using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to improve diagnosis and monitoring of treatment outcomes. This study will address unmet clinical needs by discovering ideal biomarkers, introducing evidence-based treatment guidelines, and ultimately improving long-term outcomes in the areas of rare endocrine and metabolic diseases.