No abstract available.
Chorion* ; Chorionic Villi Sampling* ; Chorionic Villi* ; Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy

No abstract available.
Humans ; Infant, Newborn*

Intramural implantation is among the rarest forms of ectopic pregnancy.Since the first description by Perli, 21 cases were reported in worldwide literatures.The pathologic criteria required for intramural pregnancy is that the product of conception is completely surrounded by uterine musculature and is separated from the uterine cavity and the fallopian tube or round ligament.The previous history of uterine injury or adenomyosis is known as possible etiology of intramural implantation. Because the early diagnosis is very difficult, most cases is found after onset of complication such as a uterine rupture or hemoperitoneum. We have recently experienced a case of intramural pregnancy diagnosed and treated by laparoscopy in a 9 weeks gestation nulliparous woman without previous history of uterine injury or disease, and report with a brief review of literatures.
Adenomyosis ; Early Diagnosis ; Fallopian Tubes ; Female ; Fertilization ; Hemoperitoneum ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Ectopic ; Uterine Rupture ; Round Ligaments

Propofol(2, 6-diisopropylphenol) represents a new class of intravenous anesthetic agent, being chemically unrelated to barbiturate, steroid or eugenol agents. It has been reported as a suitable induction agent for short procedures and day case surgery due to its property of rapid induction and recovery from anesthesia. Induction of anesthesia with propofol 2.0~2.5mg/kg frequently causes decreasing blood pressure and causes apnea that may last 60s or more. And it is well recognized that propofol may causes pain on injection when administered intravelnously. In the present study, we evaluated the hemodynamic and SpO2 changes after propofol injection and the dos-responses to the loss of verbal command response, eyelid reflex and trapezius reflex in premedicated patients. Also we assessed the degree of pain on injection .Patients were divided into five groups with the doses the degree of pain on injection. Patients were divided into five groups with the doses of 1.0, 1.2, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5mg/kg(group1,2,3,4 and 5, respectively). The systolic, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate and SpO2 were measured after 60 seconds propofol injection in all the patients. And response, to verbal command, eyelid and trapezius reflex and pain complaint were checked. The systolic and diastolic blood pressure were mostly decreased(17.34 and 21.92%) in group5(propofol 2.5mg/kg)(p<0.05). Heart rate increased 10% in group 4 and 5(p<0.05). There was a dose-dependent decreasing tendency of blood pressure and increasing tendency of heart rates. SpO2 was also more reduced in group 4 and 5 (p<0.05). The overall incidence of pain on injection was 47% of the injection sites, the incidence of pain was highest on the dorsum of hand(23%). Also, the degree of pain on injection was wevere on the dorsum of hand. The value of ED50 and ED95 for loss of verbal command response, eyelid reflex and trapezius reflex were 0.81, 1.35, 2.02, 1.91 and 3.60mg/kg. We concluded that the ED95 for loss of eyelid reflex is 2.02mg/kg and it is a sufficient dosage to induction of anesthesia in premedicated patients with little significant hemodynamic changes.
Anesthesia* ; Apnea ; Blood Pressure ; Eugenol ; Eyelids ; Hand ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Incidence ; Propofol* ; Reflex ; Superficial Back Muscles

No abstract available.
Adenosine Deaminase* ; Adenosine* ; Cerebrospinal Fluid* ; Child* ; Humans ; Tuberculosis, Meningeal*

No abstract available.
Amniocentesis* ; Cytogenetics* ; Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, Second*

Meta-analysis is the statistieal analysis of a collection of analytic result for the purpose of integrating the findings across studies. Such a systematic quantitative procedure through combination of statistic offers accumulation of evidence in terms of the effect size. Furthermore, the combination of data from several studies increases generalibility and statistical power with some criticisms. Schmidt-Hunter procedure is appropriate method for measuring d(the difference between the group mean divided by the standard deviation) statistics. In this paper we present the cumulation formulas for effect sizes and analyzed mean d statistics. Twenty-five research reports of clinical trials for prevention of hemodynamie changes after tracheal intubation were gathered. Three drugs(lidocaine, fentanyl, esmolol) were reported in detail sufficient to get for analyzing variables(systolic, diastolic and heart rate). Means of each variable were summarized and calculated by each drug between control and treatment group. Nine meta-analysis were performed. Lidocaine, fentanyl and esmolol all effectively decreased hemodynamic changes compared to control group(placebo group). Fentanyl provided reliable protection in systolic blood pressure as esmolol in heart rate. Range variation.of mean effect size was smallest and consistent in esmolol group. Variance of the effect size corrected for sampling error was large in all drugs and there should be a search for moderator variables(covariate) with need for stratification.
Blood Pressure ; Fentanyl ; Heart ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics* ; Intubation* ; Lidocaine ; Research Report ; Selection Bias

No abstract available.
Neurofibromatoses* ; Neurofibromatosis 1* ; Neurofibromin 1 ; Vitiligo*

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between the fetal doppler flow velocimetry and birth weight in low risk pregnancy population. METHODS: From December 1995 to May 1996, We prospectively performed doppler study in 254 uncomplicated, term pregnant women, who visited Pohang Hospital, Dongguk University. Using pulsed color doppler, we measured umbilical artery RI, middle cerebral artery RI and middle cerebral-umbilical artery RI ratio within one week before delivery. RESULTS: The result was that low birth weight group (below 2500gm) had very significant lationship with umbilical artery RI(P<0.01), middle cerebral artery RI(P<0.05) and middle cerebral-umbilical artery RI ratio(P<0.05), but there was no significant relationship in these blood flow indices between normal birth weight group (2501gm- 3999gm) and macrosomia group (above 4000gm). CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that application of doppler ultrasonopaphy in the assessment of fetal weight is somewhat helpful for identification of low birth weight, not for macrosomia.
Arteries ; Birth Weight ; Female ; Fetal Weight* ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Humans ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Middle Cerebral Artery ; Pregnancy ; Pregnant Women ; Prospective Studies ; Rheology ; Ultrasonography* ; Umbilical Arteries

Direction changing positional nystagmus (DCPN) is defined as a nystagmus that changes its direction with different head and body positions. In the past, it was usually thought that DCPN was the sign of central vestibular system lesion. But recently, there have been some reports that DCPN definitely does not localize the site of lesion in the central vestibular pathway, and that it more often indicates a peripheral vestibular site. However, congenital vestibular dys- or hypoplasia was not reported as a cause of DCPN. Recently, we experienced a 17-year-old patient who had a vestibular dys- or hypoplasia and showed a transient geotrophic DCPN with a normal cochlea. We report that congenital vestibular dys- or hypoplasia can be one of the causes of DCPN and present its possible mechanism.
Adolescent ; Cochlea ; Head ; Humans ; Nystagmus, Physiologic*