PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of two antimetabolites, mitomycin C (MMC) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), on proliferation of cultured human nasal mucosa fibroblasts. METHODS: Human nasal mucosa fibroblasts were primarily cultured, and exposed to various concentrations of MMC and 5-FU for 5 minutes. Control fibroblasts were exposed to only DMEM media without the drugs. Effect of drugs on cell morphology was observed by phase-contrast microscopy. Cell viability and apoptosis were measured using MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol- 2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide] assay and Acridine orange/Hoechst (AO/HO) staining, respectively. RESULTS: In both experimental groups exposed to MMC and 5-FU, fibroblasts maintained standard spindle shape. The MTT assay showed that both MMC and 5-FU inhibited fibroblast proliferation in a dose dependent manner. AO/HO staining showed apoptotic cells in both experimental groups. CONCLUSIONS: Both MMC and 5-FU have an antiproliferative effect on fibroblasts in vitro at least through induction of apoptosis. Therefore, adjuvant use of either MMC or 5-FU during endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy may improve the clinical outcome by inhibiting proliferation of the nasal mucosa.
Antimetabolites ; Apoptosis ; Cell Survival ; Dacryocystorhinostomy ; Fibroblasts ; Fluorouracil ; Humans ; Microscopy, Phase-Contrast ; Mitomycin ; Nasal Mucosa

Leiomyosarcoma of the rectum is a extremely rare disease without well documented report on its management and prognosis. The most complicated problem lies on the correct diagnosis. Many pathologic and histologic criteria have been proposed to make it clear. The treatment of rectal leiomyosarcoma is controversial. Some authors recommand wide local excison for low-grade tumors as much as 2 cm in diameter. However, radical abdominoperineal resection is the procedure of choice. Leiomyosarcoma of the rectum is resistant to radiotherapy, and no single effective chemotherapeutic drug has been found yet, although adriamycin is effective in one third of all cases. The local recurrence rate was much higher in patients receiving wide local excision and the overall 5-year or 10-year survival rate is similar. We report a case of rectal leiomyosarcoma and review the literature.
Diagnosis ; Doxorubicin ; Humans ; Leiomyosarcoma* ; Prognosis ; Radiotherapy ; Rare Diseases ; Rectum* ; Recurrence ; Survival Rate

Intracellular pH regulation of osteoblasts is of a great importance in the process of bone formation and resorption, and has been suggested to be mediated via intracellular Ca2+ and cAMP messenger systems. To elucidate the mechanism of modulation of intracellular pH by parathyroid hormone and PMA(Phorbo1-12-myristate-13-acetate), effects of these agonists on the individual transporter system, Na+-H+ antiporter and Cl−-HCO3-(−OH−) exchanger, were investigated. Intracellular pH and Ca2+ were measured by using the fluorescent dye BCECF and fura-2, respectively, in UMR-106 cell monolayer grown on glass coverslip. Addition of tumor promotor, PMA(luM) caused 0.14 unit pH rise of resting intracellular pH(pHi) and 38% increase of the initial rate of pHi recovery after cytosolic acid load. Perfusion of Cl−-free solution resulted in rapid cytosolic alkalinization of which the rate was increased 26% by preincubation of PMA. Ca2+ ionophore, ionomycin (1uM) decreased resting pHi by 0.17 unit, but had no effect on the initial rate of pHi recovery after cytosolic acid load. However, the addition of ionomycin augmented the initial rate of pHi increase after Cl−-depletion outside the cells by 34% over the control. Stimulation of cells with parathyroid hormone(10-8M) caused an initial acidification (0.27 unit) followed by cytosolic alkalinization, with inhibiting effect on the initial rate of pHi recovery after acid load (42%). But parathyroid hormone did not have any significant effect on the rate of pHi increase after Cl−-depletion. PMA caused a sustained increase of intracellular Ca2+, of which the peak depended on the concentration of Ca2+ in extracellular medium. Ionomycin caused a transient increase of Ca2+ but PTH had no significant increase of intracellular Ca2+ in the concentration range of 10-6M to 10-12M tested. 10-8M PTH increased cAMP levels by about 10-fold and 10-10M PTH did by 1.6-fold. PMA, which increased cytosolic Ca2+ concentration, also had an stimulatory effect on cAMP production in the concentration range of 10-5M to 10-6M by 2-fold. These findings suggest that in UMR-106 cells Ca2+ and cAMP can influence pHi by altering the activity of pHi regulatory transporter system, and parathyroid hormones modulate pHi by inhibiting Na+-H+ antiporter via intracellular increase of cAMP, which is probably accounts for the inhibitory effect of parathyroid hormone on the proliferation of osteoblasts.
Cytosol ; Fura-2 ; Glass ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Ion Transport ; Ionomycin ; Osteoblasts ; Osteogenesis ; Parathyroid Hormone ; Perfusion

We analyzed 52 monocular amblyopia patients, who had never taken amblyopia treatment previously and been followed up more than 3 months after terminating treatment of amblyopiam, about clinical features of monocular amblyopia and factors associated with treatment of amblyopia. Strabismus was the most common cause of monocular amblyopia, followed by anisometropia and visual deprivation in that order. But the average period of treatment was longest in visual deprivation amblyopia, followed by strabismic amblyopia and anisometropic amblyopia. In strabismic amblyopia, the greater the prism diopter, the longer the period of treatment taken. In anisometropic amblyopia, the greater the difference of corrected visual acuity, the longer the period of treatment taken.
Amblyopia* ; Anisometropia ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Humans ; Strabismus ; Visual Acuity

No abstract available.
Rupture* ; Subclavian Artery*

Exposure with the tibial tubercle osteotomy was done for ten revisions and one primary total knee replacements out of 200 total knee arthroplasties performed from 1985 to 1996. The cases were analyzed with regard to complications and technical considerations. The preoperative diagnoses were infected total knee arthroplasty in seven, aseptic loosening in three and one ankylosed knee. Eixtensive exposure was achieved enough for debridement and reimplantation. The tubercle was fixed with two or three 3.5mm screws. The average duration of follow up was 30 months. Post operative knee flexion averaged 87 degrees. There were two complications, one avulsion of the fragment and one tibial fracture. The advantage of this procedure included wide exposure for difficult knee surgeries and more proximal fixation for improved flexion.
Arthroplasty* ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee ; Debridement ; Diagnosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Knee* ; Osteotomy* ; Replantation ; Tibial Fractures

BACKGROUND: Oxygen free radicals are likely to be involved in decreases of the tracheal epithelial barrier function, increases of permeability, and inhibitions of ciliary activity. The present study was undertaken to determine the interaction between isoflurane, propofol and oxidative injury with respect to the contractile force of tracheal smooth muscle in guinea-pig. METHODS: Strips of guinea-pig trachea were suspended in organ chambers, and their isometric tension was recorded by a MacLab. Tissues were allocated to 7 groups (each: n = 10) of control, 2%, 3%, and 4% isoflurane, 25 micrometer, 50 micrometer, and 100 micrometer propofol. All strips were challenged with 10 5 M acetylcholine (ACh) to get maximal contractions and followed washout. All strips were exposed to 10 4 M H2O2 contained modified Krebs solution for 30 minutes after the strips were perfused with each concentration of anesthetics for 20 minutes. After washout of organ chambers and 30 minutes of rest, all strips were contracted with ACh. Several strips were prepared for microscopic evaluation. RESULTS: The contractile heights to H2O2 showed 36.7+/-20.2% of control value in the control group, and there were significant differences between the control and the propofol 100 micrometer group as shown by Tukey test. There were no significant differences in contractile heights to the second ACh in any of the 6 groups except the 100 micrometer propofol group. Microscopic morphological changes were not detected by 1,000 light microscopic evaluation. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that the contractile heights of strips to H2O2 which were lower in four anesthetic groups than in the control group indicated a counteracting relaxation of smooth muscle caused by anesthetics. We suggest that there might be some functional effects of H2O2 on smooth muscle cells other than epithelial injury and that 100 micrometer propofol might have some protective effects against smooth muscle cell injury from 10- 4 H2O2.
Acetylcholine ; Anesthetics ; Free Radicals ; Hydrogen* ; Isoflurane* ; Muscle, Smooth ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; Oxygen ; Permeability ; Propofol* ; Relaxation ; Trachea*

BACKGROUND: Oxygen free radicals are likely to be involved in decreases of the tracheal epithelial barrier function, increases of permeability, and inhibitions of ciliary activity. The present study was undertaken to determine the interaction between isoflurane, propofol and oxidative injury with respect to the contractile force of tracheal smooth muscle in guinea-pig. METHODS: Strips of guinea-pig trachea were suspended in organ chambers, and their isometric tension was recorded by a MacLab. Tissues were allocated to 7 groups (each: n = 10) of control, 2%, 3%, and 4% isoflurane, 25 micrometer, 50 micrometer, and 100 micrometer propofol. All strips were challenged with 10 5 M acetylcholine (ACh) to get maximal contractions and followed washout. All strips were exposed to 10 4 M H2O2 contained modified Krebs solution for 30 minutes after the strips were perfused with each concentration of anesthetics for 20 minutes. After washout of organ chambers and 30 minutes of rest, all strips were contracted with ACh. Several strips were prepared for microscopic evaluation. RESULTS: The contractile heights to H2O2 showed 36.7+/-20.2% of control value in the control group, and there were significant differences between the control and the propofol 100 micrometer group as shown by Tukey test. There were no significant differences in contractile heights to the second ACh in any of the 6 groups except the 100 micrometer propofol group. Microscopic morphological changes were not detected by 1,000 light microscopic evaluation. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that the contractile heights of strips to H2O2 which were lower in four anesthetic groups than in the control group indicated a counteracting relaxation of smooth muscle caused by anesthetics. We suggest that there might be some functional effects of H2O2 on smooth muscle cells other than epithelial injury and that 100 micrometer propofol might have some protective effects against smooth muscle cell injury from 10- 4 H2O2.
Acetylcholine ; Anesthetics ; Free Radicals ; Hydrogen* ; Isoflurane* ; Muscle, Smooth ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; Oxygen ; Permeability ; Propofol* ; Relaxation ; Trachea*

Desmoid tumors are defined as aggressive overgrowth of fibrous sheets and musculoaponeurotic structures. Although desmoid tumors are generally known as a benign neoplasm, it's aggresive local invasiveness and frequent recurrence indicate it's position lying between the benign and malignancy. The association of desmoid tumor and familial adenomtous polyposis(FAP) was first made in 1923 by Nichols. In 1951, Gardner reported the familial occurrence of intestinal polyposis, osteomas, fibromas, and epidermal or sebaceous cyst. Desmoid tumors are common in patients with FAP and Occur in 3.5~29% of patients with FAP whereas the incidence in the gerenal population is 2~5/1,000,000 person years. Surgical resection of desmoids in patients with FAP has been controversial because unresectability and recurrence are more common than cure. Palliative and curative resections have a high morbidity. Surgery should be reserved for those patients with symptomatic mesenteric desmoids. If a small mesenteric desmoid is encountered incidentally and is easily resectable, it should be resected. If surgery has been less than satisfactory in the treatment of these patients, several different medical approaches can be combined with or without surgical resection with mixed result. Authors report a case of unresectable mesenteric desmoid tumor, developing after surgery of FAP and literatures were reviewed
Deception ; Epidermal Cyst ; Fibroma ; Fibromatosis, Aggressive* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intestinal Polyposis ; Osteoma ; Recurrence

Spigelian hernia is an uncommon hernia of the ant. abdominal wall. Because of its insidious nature and nonspecific physical findings, the diagnosis of this hernia is often not made. Typically, the hernia orifice is small, and strangulation of the contents of the hernial sac can occur. Computed tomography permits the distinction between Spigelian hernia and other anterial abdominal wall or intraabdominal masses. Spigelian hernia requires surgical correction to prevent complication of acute abdomen with strangulation or incarceration. The typical site of a Spigelian hernia is at the level of the semicircular fold of Douglas known as the arcuate line. Spigelian hernia can occur above the umbilicus, high Spigelian hernia, but its very unusual site. We report a case of Spigelian hernia on upper abdomen and review the literature.
Abdomen* ; Abdomen, Acute ; Abdominal Wall ; Ants ; Diagnosis ; Hernia* ; Umbilicus