No abstract available.
Sarcoma 180* ; Sarcoma*

The HUMACTBP2 locus was investigated to collect population genetic data in the Korean population and to evaluate the applicability for the forensic field. An Automatic fluorescent-based sequencer (377 automatic DNA sequencer, ABI) was used to detect amplified fragments of the HUMACTBP2 locus electrophoresed on 4% denaturing polyacrylamide sequencing gels. ACTBP2 allelic ladder consisting of different sizes of 18 alleles was constructed and employed as an internal size standard in combination with a GS-350 size standard for precision of allele-band sizing. By utilizing different fluorescent dyes, both the allelic ladders and samples were able to be analyzed in the same lane by 99% orecision of allele-band sizing. Among the Korean population (n=224), 26 alleles in the range of 239-313 bp are determined. allele No. 6 is found 45 times (0.100) which is mostly frequent, and the rest of allele is distributed with their relative frequency of 0.002-0.100. The comparison between observed and expected numbers of homozygous and heterozygous individuals confirms that ACTBP2 locus is in the state of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium among the Korean population. The heterozygosity is 0.9389+/-0.0034(93.89%), and the power of discrimination(PD) and power of exclusion(PEX) are calculated to be 0.991(99.1%)and 0.890(89.0%), respectively, showing the high informativeness for individual identification. Thus, these results mean that the HUMACTBP2 locus can effectively be used for the forensic application.
Alleles ; DNA ; Fluorescent Dyes ; Gels ; Genetic Variation*

Laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation are potent stimuli that can induce increased sympathetic activity, tachycardia and hypertension. The authors studied the effects of intravenous clonidine pretreatment, a centrally acting a2-adrenoceptor agonist, on hemodynamic responses to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation, and on anesthetic requirements during operation. Forty ASA I -II patients undergoing elective minor general surgery were allocated randomly to receive either 5ug/kg clonidine or 3 ml of 0.9% normal saline as control intravenously 10 minutes before induction of anesthesia. The results obtained were as follows. Compared to baseline values, blood pressure and heart rate at 1 minute after intubation were significantly increased in control group, but significantly decreased in clonidine group. They were maintained at lower values throughout the whole duration of operation in clonidine group than in control group. More doses of fentanyl were needed in the control group but not in the clonidine group during operation, and because of bradycardia and hypotension, atropine or ephedrine was needed in the clonidine group. In conclusion, the elevation of blood pressure and heart rate accompanying tracheal intubation were preventable with less requirement of supplemental fentanyl, but bradycardia and hypotention were infrequently seen as a side effects, when 5ug/kg intravenous injection of clonidine 10 minutes before induction.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General* ; Atropine ; Blood Pressure* ; Bradycardia ; Clonidine* ; Ephedrine ; Fentanyl ; Heart Rate* ; Heart* ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Hypotension ; Injections, Intravenous ; Intubation ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Laryngoscopy ; Tachycardia

In a murine model system, enhancement of the total IgA and rotavirus-specific IgA of suckling mice was measured by ELISA with the intestinal fluid following oral administration of murine rotavirus EC (EDIM-Cambridge) strain. In the EC strain-administered group, the geometric mean titers (GMT) of total IgAs were 512 and 91 at 1 and 2 week postinfection, respectively. On the other hand, the GMTs of the rotavirus-specific IgAs were 108 and 3 at the same periods, respectively. Thus increase in the total IgAs was 64 folds and that in the rotavirus-specific IgAs was 43 folds compared with the negative control group. As the maximal titers of both the total and rotavirus-specific IgAs were observed at 1 week decreasing until 2 weeks after infection, it is evident that the GMT of the total IgA implies that of rotavirus-specific IgA. In our ELISA system, whose specificity was verified by Western blot analysis, the total IgA in the administered group was determined to be 40-400 ng per 1 ml of the intestinal fluid. Therefore it is concluded that determination of the rotavirus-specific IgA in murine models can be a sensitive indication of rotavirus infection, and will be another promising tool in viral challenge experiments in vaccine development.
Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Hand ; Immunoglobulin A* ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR* ; Rotavirus Infections ; Rotavirus* ; Sensitivity and Specificity

No abstract available.
Dialysis* ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic* ; Quality of Life*

No abstract available.
Dialysis* ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic* ; Quality of Life*

PURPOSE: The thickening of the gallbladder wall is a valuable finding for the diagnosis of cholecystitis, butmay be seen in non-cholecystic disease as well as in acute or chronic cholecystitis. The purpose of this study isto determine the value of color Doppler sonography in differentiating the causes of thickened gallbladder wall. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety eight patients with thickened gallbladder wall(more than 3mm) which was not due to gallbladder cancer were prospectively evaluated with color Doppler sonography. Sixty-six cases, confirmed bypathologic reports and clinical records, were analyzed for correlation between thickened gallbladder wall andcolor flow signal according to the underlying causes. RESULTS: Of the 66 patients, 28 cases were cholecystitisand 38 cases had non-cholecystic causes such as liver cirrhosis, ascites, hepatitis, pancreatitis, renal failure,and hypoalbuminemia. Of the 28 patients with cholecystitis(12 acute, 16 chronic), 23(82%) had color Doppler flowsignals in the thickened gallbladder wall. Of the 38 patients with non-cholecystic causes, eight(21%) had color Doppler flow signals. There was a statistically significant difference of color Doppler flow signals between the cholecystitis and non-cholecystic groups(p=0.0001). No significant difference of color Doppler flow signals was found between cases of acute and chronic cholecystitis. Of the 23 patients with color Doppler flow signals in 28cases of cholecystitis, 18(78.3%) showed a linear pattern and five(21.7%) showed a spotty pattern. Of the eight patients with color Doppler flow signals in the 38 non-cholecystic cases, four(50%) showed a linear pattern andfour(50%) showed a spotty pattern. In cholecystitis, a linear color Doppler flow signal pattern is a much more frequent finding than a spotty pattern. CONCLUSION: Color Doppler sonography is a useful and adequate method for determining whether a thickened gallbladder wall is the result of cholecystitis or has non-cholecystic causes.
Ascites ; Cholecystitis ; Diagnosis ; Gallbladder* ; Hepatitis ; Humans ; Hypoalbuminemia ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Pancreatitis ; Prospective Studies

This study was conducted to investigate preference for convenience food and dietary attitude in college students in Seoul and Kyunggi-do area. This study used a questionnaires as instrument tool. Thequestionnaire consisted of socio-demographic characteristics of the subjects, the valuation of preference for convenience, the concern of nutrition, and the dietary attitude. The subject were 199 males and 137 females. The mean age of subjects was 22.4+/-2.3year. The results have been summarized as follows Male students preferred more convenience food than females. Male students liked chicken, ice cream, ramyeon, pizza.hamburgerandfemalestudentslikedchicken,pizza, ice cream, ramyeon.hamburger. The kinds of convenience foods for a substitute meal were ramyeon, hamburger, bread, potato in male group and female group had frequently ramyeon, hamburger, bread, rice cake for a substitute meal. Male students were more likely to eat ramyeon (p<0.01) and purchased sabalmyeon The subjects used to purchase sabalmyeon as main convenience food at convenient store The score of preference for convenience food in male group was higher than female group. The score of attitude toward balanced diet in female group was higher than male group(p<0.01). In scores of concern for nutrition information, balanced diet, and nutrition knowledge, Female group had higher scores of concern for nutrition information, balanced diet, and nutrition knowledge than that of male group (p<0.01).There was no significant difference in the degree of preference for packing types, however, Male group tended to prefer more micro wave type than female group. The persons to affect the consumption of convenience food were friends. There was no significant difference in the time of purchase convenience food, however, Male tended to purchase convenience food at the time of snack than female group. As a results, proper nutritional education and qualitative development of convenience food are required in order to improve the consuming attitude of consumers and their preference for convenience food.
Bread ; Chickens ; Diet ; Education ; Fast Foods ; Female ; Food Preferences ; Friends ; Gyeonggi-do* ; Humans ; Ice Cream ; Male ; Meals ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Seoul* ; Snacks ; Solanum tuberosum

Background: We hypothesized that intravenous lidocaine mixed with propofol may have an influence on anesthesia induction and hemodynamic responses to propofol induction and endotracheal intubation as well as propofol-induced pain on injection. Methods: Seventy-five patients were allocated to group L1 (2% lidocaine 1.5 mg/kg, n=25), group L2 (2% lidocaine 2 mg/kg, n=25) or group C (normal saline 0.05 mL/kg, n=25) according to the lidocaine dosage mixed with propofol 2 mg/kg. The pain on injection was scored as none, mild, moderate, and severe. The site of pain and recall of pain were also recorded. Loss of verbal response was observed during induction. Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded before anesthetic induction (baseline value), immediately before and after endotracheal intubation, and every min until 5 min thereafter. Results: Ninety-two percent of patients reported pain upon injection in group C, whereas 8% of the patients in group L1 and no patient in group L2. Loss of verbal response before injection of total dose of propofol was observed in 44% in group L2, 36% in group L1 and 28% in group C. Lowered MAP caused by propofol increased significantly after endotracheal intubation in all three groups (p<0.05). HR increased immediately and 1 min after endotracheal intubation in all three groups (p<0.05). Conclusions: Our results indicate that intravenous lidocaine 1.5 mg/kg or 2 mg/kg mixed with propofol 2 mg/kg significantly reduces the incidence and the degree of pain, but does not affect anesthesia induction and hemodynamic responses to propofol and tracheal intubation.
Anesthesia ; Arterial Pressure ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intubation* ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Lidocaine* ; Propofol*

No abstract available.