No abstract available.
Gastrectomy* ; Humans ; Quality of Life* ; Stomach Neoplasms*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the differences of the process of change, decision making, self-efficacy and perception of subjective health according to the stages of exercise behaviors suggested by transtheoretical models among older adults. METHOD: The subjects consisted of 291 older adults. Trained research assistants interviewed the older adults using structured questionnaires. ANOVA analyses with post hoc test were used to examine the mean differences for each stage of exercise behavior using SPSS for windows. RESULT: The subjects were divided into five stages of exercise behavior: 24.4% pre-contemplation, 12.4% contemplation, 17.9% preparation, 12.4% action, 33.0% maintenance stage. There were significant differences in process of change, decision making, self-efficacy and subjective health perception according to the exercise stage of change. 'Self-liberation' and 'stimulus control' were important strategies for intention of exercise, while 'reinforcing management' for the actual practice of exercise. 'Self-efficacy' was an effective strategy to change older adults from pre-contemplation to preparation stage. CONCLUSION: For exercise intervention, older adults should be classified into groups according to their stages of exercise behaviors and provided effective individualized intervention depending on their stage.
Adult* ; Aged ; Decision Making* ; Humans ; Intention ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Ectopia Cordis* ; Ultrasonography*

No abstract available.
Diagnosis* ; Hemangioma* ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon*

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of preceptorship on On the Job Training of new nurses. The research design was a retrospective survey and one group pre-post test design. The subjects were 49 entry nurses and 49 preceptors. The data were collected from Feburary 1, 1998 to December 1, 1998. One questionnair applied in this study consisted of general characteristics, the responses of new entry nurses and their preceptors and their qualities. The other questionnair consisted of job satisfaction of new entry nurses and preceptors and their competencies. The data were analyzed for frequencies, mean score, standard deviation, t-test, and ANOVA. The results of the study were as follows: 1) Preceptees's responses were that the nurses' affiliation of unit, cooperation of other nurses, and competencies of nursing skills improved after OJT applied preceptorship. 2) Preceptors's answers were that preceptor- ship had a positive effect on their continuing education. 3) While preceptees's job satisfaction scores were high in interaction, administration, and organization, they were low in autonomy and pay. 4) Pre-competency scores were the same as post-competency scores. 5) After preceptorship, preceptors responded that their nursing skill & communication competency increased, but their nursing administration competency decreased. 6) Finally, preceptorship's other effects were as follows: 1. Checklists for preceptee education at the nursing unit were developed separately. 2. It was proved that 'preceptor interview note' was effective on manage preceptorship. 3. We obtained duty overlap periods; medical- surgical units-1 month, 5 ICU-2 months, operation room-3 months. 4. We prepared a preceptor program based on the study results.
Checklist ; Education ; Education, Continuing ; Evaluation Studies as Topic ; Inservice Training ; Job Satisfaction ; Nursing ; Preceptorship* ; Research Design ; Retrospective Studies ; Ships

Background: The highly lipid soluble opioid, fentanyl, has a rapid onset and short duration of action. The present study was designed to examine the analgesic efficacy and side effects of the combination of fentanyl with morphine in patients using intravenous PCA. Methods: Patients were randomly assigned to receive one of three PCA regimens: M4 group (40 mg morphine+90 mg ketorolac+1.5 mg dorperidol), M2F2 group (20 mg morphine+200 ug fentanyl+90 mg ketorolac+1.5 mg dorperidol), or M2F4 group (20 mg morphine+400 ug fentanyl+90 mg ketorolac+1.5 mg dorperidol). All patients were given initial loading dose of 0.1 mg/kg morphine plus 1 mg droperidol at the end of surgery. Pain score, side effects, and overall satisfaction were assessed at 30 min, 1 hr, 8 hr, 24 hr, and 48 hr postoperatively. Results: The pain score was significantly higher in the M2F2 group than in the M4 group and M2F4 group during 1 hr and 8 hr postoperatively. The total opioid consumption was significantly greater in the M2F4 group than in the M4 group. Patient satisfaction was better in the M2F4 than other two groups. There were no differences in the overall incidence of side effects among three groups. Conclusions: The present results suggest that the combination of fentanyl with morphine for intravenous patient-controlled analgesia is a useful method, and the double dose of fentanyl in comparison with the equipotent morphine dose is recommended in the early postoperative period.
Analgesia, Patient-Controlled* ; Droperidol ; Fentanyl* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Morphine* ; Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis ; Patient Satisfaction ; Postoperative Period

Background: We hypothesized that intravenous lidocaine mixed with propofol may have an influence on anesthesia induction and hemodynamic responses to propofol induction and endotracheal intubation as well as propofol-induced pain on injection. Methods: Seventy-five patients were allocated to group L1 (2% lidocaine 1.5 mg/kg, n=25), group L2 (2% lidocaine 2 mg/kg, n=25) or group C (normal saline 0.05 mL/kg, n=25) according to the lidocaine dosage mixed with propofol 2 mg/kg. The pain on injection was scored as none, mild, moderate, and severe. The site of pain and recall of pain were also recorded. Loss of verbal response was observed during induction. Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded before anesthetic induction (baseline value), immediately before and after endotracheal intubation, and every min until 5 min thereafter. Results: Ninety-two percent of patients reported pain upon injection in group C, whereas 8% of the patients in group L1 and no patient in group L2. Loss of verbal response before injection of total dose of propofol was observed in 44% in group L2, 36% in group L1 and 28% in group C. Lowered MAP caused by propofol increased significantly after endotracheal intubation in all three groups (p<0.05). HR increased immediately and 1 min after endotracheal intubation in all three groups (p<0.05). Conclusions: Our results indicate that intravenous lidocaine 1.5 mg/kg or 2 mg/kg mixed with propofol 2 mg/kg significantly reduces the incidence and the degree of pain, but does not affect anesthesia induction and hemodynamic responses to propofol and tracheal intubation.
Anesthesia ; Arterial Pressure ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intubation* ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Lidocaine* ; Propofol*

Purpose: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic brought stringent social distancing measures, resulting in changes to daily routines such as increased time at home, remote learning, altered meal schedules, and reduced physical activity. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on glycemic control among pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes. Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 47 pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes who visited Ajou University Hospital before and after the lockdown. To analyze the effects of the lockdown on glycemic control, we examined the change in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels before and after the lockdown. Results: Among 47 patients, 23 (49%) were female and the average age before the lockdown as of March 2020 was 11.65±3.03 years. The mean HbA1c levels were 8.22%±1.69% and 7.86%±1.57% before and after the lockdown, respectively, showing better glycemic control during the lockdown (P=0.001). The decrease in HbA1c was more significant in subjects with higher pre-lockdown HbA1c levels, older patients, and individuals not using continuous glucose monitoring or continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. However, from a long-term perspective, HbA1c levels at 3 years and 1 year before and after the lockdown were not significantly different. Conclusion This study demonstrated the beneficial effect of intensive social distancing for COVID-19 on blood glucose control in pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, changes due to the lockdown had a more pronounced effect on patients with existing poor glycemic control.

Purpose: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic brought stringent social distancing measures, resulting in changes to daily routines such as increased time at home, remote learning, altered meal schedules, and reduced physical activity. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on glycemic control among pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes. Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 47 pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes who visited Ajou University Hospital before and after the lockdown. To analyze the effects of the lockdown on glycemic control, we examined the change in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels before and after the lockdown. Results: Among 47 patients, 23 (49%) were female and the average age before the lockdown as of March 2020 was 11.65±3.03 years. The mean HbA1c levels were 8.22%±1.69% and 7.86%±1.57% before and after the lockdown, respectively, showing better glycemic control during the lockdown (P=0.001). The decrease in HbA1c was more significant in subjects with higher pre-lockdown HbA1c levels, older patients, and individuals not using continuous glucose monitoring or continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. However, from a long-term perspective, HbA1c levels at 3 years and 1 year before and after the lockdown were not significantly different. Conclusion This study demonstrated the beneficial effect of intensive social distancing for COVID-19 on blood glucose control in pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, changes due to the lockdown had a more pronounced effect on patients with existing poor glycemic control.

Purpose: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic brought stringent social distancing measures, resulting in changes to daily routines such as increased time at home, remote learning, altered meal schedules, and reduced physical activity. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on glycemic control among pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes. Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 47 pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes who visited Ajou University Hospital before and after the lockdown. To analyze the effects of the lockdown on glycemic control, we examined the change in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels before and after the lockdown. Results: Among 47 patients, 23 (49%) were female and the average age before the lockdown as of March 2020 was 11.65±3.03 years. The mean HbA1c levels were 8.22%±1.69% and 7.86%±1.57% before and after the lockdown, respectively, showing better glycemic control during the lockdown (P=0.001). The decrease in HbA1c was more significant in subjects with higher pre-lockdown HbA1c levels, older patients, and individuals not using continuous glucose monitoring or continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. However, from a long-term perspective, HbA1c levels at 3 years and 1 year before and after the lockdown were not significantly different. Conclusion This study demonstrated the beneficial effect of intensive social distancing for COVID-19 on blood glucose control in pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, changes due to the lockdown had a more pronounced effect on patients with existing poor glycemic control.