The muscle glycogen is an important energy source for muscle contraction especially in prolonged exercise. One of the important factors for improvement of physical performance in athletes is the storage of extra-amount of glycogen (supercompensation) in liver and muscles. During 120 minutes treadmill exercise (intensity of exercise was approximatly 80% VO2max), the glycogen concentration was significantly decreased to 36% in liver and 46% in muscles after 60 minutes exercise. At 90 and 120 minutes of exercise, the level of glycogen concentration of liver and muscles statistically were not different from the levels of the 60 minutes exercise. The repletions of glycogen in the liver and muscles in overnight fasted control(C) and 120 minutes treadmill exercise(E) groups during l80minutes after glucose ingestion were investigatect. ln the liver, the concentration of glycogen in C and E groups were markdly increased till 120 minutes after zlucose ingestion, hut the levels of concentration at 180 minutes were decreased comparing to the levels of 120 minutes in both groups. In the muscles, the repletion of glycogen at 60, 120 and 180 minutes of C and E groups were significantly increased comparing to 0 minute of respective groups in the soleus and plantaris muscles. In soleus(SOL), the repletion of glycogen in all of the E groups was significantly higher than that of the respective C groups. However, the repletion of glycogen in all of the E groups of plantaris was revealed higher tendency comparing to respective C groups. Mean repletion rates of glycogen in liver and muscles after glucose ingestion were highest during the first 60 minutes in all groups and the rates of E groups were 2-3 times than those of respective C groups. These results suggest that the glycogen supercompensation in the muscle be provided with decrement of glycogen concentration by exercise, increment of glucose uptake by muscuiar contraction itself and increased insuJin level, and the activation of glycogen synthetase by insulin.
Animals ; Athletes ; Eating* ; Glucose* ; Glycogen Synthase ; Glycogen* ; Humans ; Insulin ; Liver* ; Muscle Contraction ; Muscles ; Rats*

No abstract available.
Sinusitis*

Cellular oncogenes are expressed as an intrinsic part of the transformed or neoplastic phenotype. More than 60 of the known cellular oncogenes play a specific role in normal cellular development and differentiation. To examine the correlation between ras oncogene expression and the development of cervical cancer, this study investigated the reactivity of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN) and carcinoma of the uterine cervix by using anti-ras P21 mouse monoclonal antibody. The expression of ras oncogene significantly increased with the grade of malignancy from 11% in severe dysplasia, 30% in carcinoma in situ, 43% in microinvasive carcinoma, to 53% in invasive cancer. The expression of ras oncogene was not correlated with histologic type, tumor size, and nodal status of cervical cancer. It was concluded that expression of ras oncogene is related to early phase of carcinogenesis and tumor invasion of carcinoma of the uterine cervix.
Animals ; Carcinogenesis ; Carcinoma in Situ ; Cervix Uteri* ; Female ; Genes, ras* ; Mice ; Oncogenes ; Phenotype ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

The patients with abdominal surgery usually have acute pain. It is important for a patient's quality of life and for good recovery after surgery to control the postoperative pain. The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between emotional state of preoperative patients and postoperative pain. The participants in this study were the 100 patients receiving abdominal surgery who received Intravenous Patient Controlled Analgesia (IV-PCA) at the end of the operation. The data were collected using questionnaires and the period of the data collection was from March to August, 2001. The instruments used for this study were The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) Developed by Spielberger (1972), The Center for Epidemeologic Studies-Depression (CESD) scale and Visual Analog scale (VAS). The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA and Pearson Correlation coefficient with the SPSS program. The results are as follows. 1.For general characteristics there were significant differences in the degree of trait anxiety according to gender (p= 0.0010), marital status (p=0.0122), religion (p=0.0040), education (p=0.0001), occupation (p=0.0002), monthly income (p=0.0001), diagnosis (p=0.0001), and operation title (p=0.0001). 2.For general characteristics there were significant differences in the degree of state anxiety according to gender (p= 0.0023), education (p=0.0073), monthly income (p=0.0001), diagnosis (p=0.0005), and operation title (p=0.0063). 3.For general characteristics there were significant differences in the degree of depression according to gender (p= 0.0073), occupation (p=0.0469), monthly income (p=0.0001), diagnosis (p=0.012), and operation title (p=0.0033). 4.For general characteristics there were significant differences in the degree of postoperative pain according to gender (p=0.0213), marital status (p=0.0082), education (p=0.0016), occupation (p=0.0128), monthly income (p=0.0008), diagnosis (p=0.0007), and operation title (p=0.0008). 5.The relationship between trait anxiety and postoperative pain revealed a significant positive correlation (r=0.51, p=0.0001), and the relationship between state anxiety and postoperative pain revealed a significant positive correlation (r=0.50, p=0.0001), and the relationship between Depression and pain revealed a significant positive correlation (r=0.49, p=0.0001).
Acute Pain ; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled ; Anxiety ; Data Collection ; Depression ; Diagnosis ; Education ; Humans ; Marital Status ; Occupations ; Pain, Postoperative ; Quality of Life ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Visual Analog Scale

BACKGROUND: Nitric Oxide (NO) has been discovered to be an important endothelium-derived relaxing factor. The exogenous inhaled NO may diffuse from the alveoli to pulmonary vascular smooth muscle and produce pulmonary vasodilation, but any NO that diffuses into blood will be inactivated before it can produce systemic effects. To examine the effects of NO on pulmonary and systemic hemodynamics, NO was inhaled by experimental dogs in an attempt to reduce the increase in pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) induced by hypoxia in dogs. METHODS: Eight mongrel dogs were studied while inhaling 1)50% O2 (baseline), 2)12% O2 in N2 (hypoxia), 3)followed by the same hypoxic gas mixture of O2 and N2 containing 20, 40 and 80 ppm of NO, respectively. RESULTS: Breathing at FIO2 0.12 nearly doubled the pulmonary vascular resistance from 173 56dyn sec cm-5 to 407 139dyn sec cm-5 and significantly increased the mean pulmonary artery pressure from 16 3mmHg to 22 4mmHg. After adding 20~80 ppm NO to the inspired gas while maintaining the FIO2 at 0.12, the mean pulmonary artery pressure decreased (p<0.05) to the level when breathing oxygen at FIO2 0.5 while the PaO2 and PaCO2 were unchanged. The pulmonary vascular resistance decreased significantly and the right ventricular stroke work index returned to a level similar to breathing at FIO2 0.5 by addition of NO into the breathing circuit. Pulmonary hypertension resumed within 3~5 minutes of ceasing NO inhalation. In none of our studies did inhaling NO produce systemic hypotension and elevate methemoglobin levels. CONCLUSIONS: Inhalation of 20~80 ppm NO selectively induced pulmonary vasodilation and reversed hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction without causing systemic vasodilation and bronchodilation. Methemoglobin and NO2 were within normal limit during the study.
Animals ; Anoxia ; Dogs ; Endothelium-Dependent Relaxing Factors ; Hemodynamics* ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; Hypotension ; Inhalation* ; Methemoglobin ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; Nitric Oxide* ; Oxygen ; Pulmonary Artery ; Respiration ; Stroke ; Vascular Resistance ; Vasoconstriction* ; Vasodilation

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to develop and to evaluate the effectiveness of the I-change model-based smoking cessation program for vocational high school students. Methods: A non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was conducted. Fifty seven participants from a vocational high school in U city, South Korea participated in the study which was done during March and April 2019. The I-change model-based smoking cessation programs was developed focusing on enhancing awareness, motivation, and ability to stop smoking for use by high school students. The experimental group completed 8 sessions of the I-change model-based smoking cessation program over 4 weeks, while the control group participated in the general school smoking cessation program. Data were analyzed using x2 test, independent t-test, Mann-Whitney U test and ANCOVA with the IBM SPSS 25.0 program. Results: After the intervention, the experimental group demonstrated significantly higher levels of awareness about smoking cessation and self-efficacy, better attitude toward cons of smoking, and more change in the stage of behavior than the control group. There was no significant difference in attitude toward pros of smoking between the two groups. Conclusion The I-change model-based smoking cessation program is an effective intervention to improve motivation and change in the stage of behavior for adolescents in vocational high schools. The program will contribute to health education for smoking cessation in vocational high schools.

BACKGROUND: Stress is found to have influence on physical and mental disorders, and also to healthy life habits related to physical health mental stress. Job holders are groups that have suffered from chronic stressful condition. Consider medical people of job holders to received exess stress. So, we tested this investigation to know the relationship between health habits and stress amounts about nurse. METHODS: This study was performed on nurses who worked on one hosptal in Pusan Metropolitan city for one months(from April, 1, to April, 30, 2000). We used 128 results. Health habits were investigated about 5 articles out of "Breslow's 7 health habits" and stress amounts were measured by Korean translated BEPSI(Brief Encounter Psychosocial Instrument) and Bae Jong Myun's 30 items SRRQ(Social Readjustment Rating Questionnaire). RESULTS: There were differences in amounts of stress of subjects according to marital state(P<0.05), job department(P<0.05), BMI(Body Mass Index)(P<0.05), sleeping time(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: This investigation has showed that having excess stress in nurses. Body Mass Index, sleeping time appeared to be health habits related to amounts of stress.
Body Mass Index ; Busan ; Mental Disorders

No abstract available.

X-linked ichthyosis is a hereditary dermatosis characterized by large dark and thick scaly skin of trunk, extremities, scalp and neck. Rare manifested ocular signs include scales on lid and lashes, corneal opacity, lens opacity, and peripheral retinal granular hyperpigmentation. The authors experienced a case of diffuse punctate corneal opacities observed in the deep stroma or pre- Descemet's layer which developed in a 12-year old male patient who visited our clinic complaining symtoms of itching and dark thick scales on trunk, extremities, and scalp since at birth a.nd diagnosed as X-linked ichthyosis by clinical and histologic features.
Cataract ; Child ; Corneal Opacity* ; Extremities ; Humans ; Hyperpigmentation ; Ichthyosis* ; Male ; Neck ; Parturition ; Pruritus ; Retinaldehyde ; Scalp ; Skin ; Skin Diseases ; Weights and Measures

BACKGROUND: The expression of adhesion molecules contribute to development of systemic diseases. Vascular cell adhesion molecule-l(VCAM-1) is an endothelial cell membrane glycoprotein that has been implicated in leukocyte/endothelial cell interactions in inflammation. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to characterize the surface expression and regulation of VCAM-1 on two different endothelial cells. METHOD: We examined the effects of the expression of VCAM-1 in two different endothelial cells, isolated from human umbilical cords and human glomerulus. Expression of VCAM-1 was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) and flow cytometry. RESULTS: In human umbilical cord endothelial cells(HUVECs), both interleukin-l B(IL-lB) and tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) increased VCAM-1 expression. VCAM-1 expression increased by TNF-a was higher than that increased by IL-lB. In human glomerular endothelial cells(HGECs), IL-lB and TNF-a markedly increased VCAM-1 expression. Conclusion. The regulation of VCAM-1 appears to be somewhat different in HGECs compared with HUVECs. These differences between the responsiveness of the two cells may possibly indicate inherent differences in endothelial cell derived from different vascular beds.
Cell Adhesion ; Cell Communication ; Cytokines* ; Endothelial Cells* ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans* ; Inflammation ; Membrane Glycoproteins ; Necrosis ; Umbilical Cord ; Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1*